Methodological approach. Econometric estimation of total factor productivity (TFPQ) at firm level. Subsequent estimation of the causal effect of import competition on firm productivity using econometric techniques.
Methodological approach. The structure and crystallinity of the zeolites were determined by X-ray powder diffraction using a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with a graphite monochromator and a position sensitive detector Våntec-1 using CuKα radiation in Xxxxx–Xxxxxxxx geometry. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were measured on a Micromeritics GEMINI II 2370 volumetric Surface Area Analyzer at -196 °C to determine surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution. Before the sorption measurements, all samples were degassed in a Micromeritics FlowPrep 060 instrument under helium at 300 °C (heating rate 10 °C/min) for 4 h. The specific surface area was evaluated by BET method using adsorption data in the range of a relative pressure from p/p0 = 0.05 to p/p0 = 0.25. The t-plot method was applied to determine the volume of micropores (Vmic). The adsorbed amount at relative pressure p/p0= 0.98 reflects the total adsorption capacity (Vtot). The concentration and the type of acid sites were determined by adsorption of acetonitrile as a probe molecule followed by FTIR spectroscopy (Nicolet 6700 FTIR with DTGS detector) using the self-supported wafer technique. Prior to adsorption of the probe molecule, self- supported wafers of zeolite samples were activated in-situ by overnight evacuation at temperature 450 °C. CD3CN adsorption proceeded at room temperature for 30 min at equilibrium pressure 5 Torr, followed by 30 min degassing at room temperature. To obtain quantitative analysis, the molar absorption coefficients for CD3CN adsorbed on Brønsted acid sites (ν(C≡N)-B at 2297 cm-1, ε(B) = 2.05 ± 0.1 cm μmol-1) and strong and weak Xxxxx acid sites (ν(C≡N)-L1 at 2325 cm-1 ν(CN)-L2 2310 cm-1, ε(L) = 3.6 ± 0.2 cm μmol-1) were used. Integral intensities of individual bands were used and spectra were normalized to the wafer thickness 10 mg cm-2.
Methodological approach. The neuGRID project is focused on setting up “a grid-based e-infrastructure for data archiving/communication and computationally intensive applications in the medical sciences”. The exploitation of the developed infrastructure for the exchange of imaging and clinical data has been assured by a focused dissemination strategy, ensuring effective collaboration both within the project and with communities external to it, and coordinating neuGRID with related projects and activities carried out in Europe and elsewhere. The dissemination strategy has as its main objectives: • To disseminate project results to the relevant scientific communities; • To raise awareness at the political and decision-making levels of the opportunities offered by neuGRID; • To spread within research-, academic- and clinical communities knowledge about the facilities and tools supplied by the infrastructure; • To assess the regulatory needs of the pharmaceutical industry for pre-competitive research and clinical trials including clinical trial registration, agreements that should be prepared and signed by potential industry users, IPR management, and regulations for data ownership, exchange, and analysis; to define the adaptations or expansions of the present infrastructure to host industry pre-competitive research and randomized clinical trials with clinical and imaging/biological surrogates; and to define a set of activities that should be carried out to make neuGRID compliant with industry needs; • To promote compatibility of neuGRID with related initiatives that are being carried out in North America, Japan, and Australia; • To promote integration into neuGRID of the most popular tools for brain image analyses to carry out high performance grid computing by international researchers on own or merged datasets; • To spread infrastructure aims and services to be exploited in the daily research and clinical practice; • To teach potential users how to use the implemented services through the provided GUI; • To teach research users how to take advantage by the high performance computing facilities. There are several possible channels for disseminating information and results about neuGRID. The selection of modalities and ways varies in relation to the communication targets. As detailed in the Dissemination and training plan, during all the 36 months of the project the dissemination activities have included: conferences, teleconferences, meetings, workshops, letters of intent, emails, art...
Methodological approach. Each of the technical Work Packages provided short summaries of the activities conducted. The details of the activities are discussed at length within the technical Deliverables, to which the interested Reader is referred to for further technical details. We provide below a sequential summary, which addresses: (1) state of the art; (2) a selection of major results accomplished during the ShaleXenvironmenT project; (3) identification of possible future directions; (4) a few suggested articles for further reading. This material could be developed, in the future, as a book.
Methodological approach. As indicated in the previous sections, the present deliverable refers to three field sites. The methodological approach followed for each site has been practically the same, although with some differences induced by their specific characteristics. The first step has been the collection of geological and hydrogeological data on a regional scale to design the site stratigraphy, identify the SA and its groundwater level. Data have been collected from scientific papers, available maps, and national databases. Subsequently, the analysis has been more focused on a local scale. More detailed information has been acquired from the people/companies responsible of the G-ER exploitation and/or the environmental quality monitoring of each field site, as enabled by the S4CE consortium. Whenever possible, measurements have been performed directly on site. According to the collected data, for each of three sites the Conceptual Circulation Model (CCM) and the Numerical Circulation Model (NCM) of the Groundwater (GW) have been realized. The level of details of the three models is different because of existing differences in terms of available and reliable datasets. Several simplifications have been performed especially for the Cornwall site, because of the lack of reliable data. More detailed information about models construction and characteristics is reported hereinafter. 3 Summary of activities and research findings
Methodological approach. In order to meet the objectives for the deliverable, comprehensive study is carried out through following steps: Collecting and analysing information from S4CE specific sites. Sites under the purview of sub-surface geo-energy operations are included and these are United Downs Deep Geothermal Power Project site at Cornwall, UK (hereafter referred to as Cornwall site in the report), St.Galler Stadtwerke site at St. Gallen, Switzerland (hereafter referred to as St. Gallen site in the report) and Carbfix CCUS site at Iceland (hereafter referred to as Carbfix site in the report). Collecting and analysing information from other relevant consortium partners in the project. Inputs are obtained from but not limited to Task 5.7 ‘Design of LCA-based software for environmental impact determination’ carried out by TWI, UK and UCL, UK and task 5.8 ‘Development of the Multi-Risk (MR) Analysis’ by UNISA, Italy. Extensive desktop study is carried out based on various standards and other relevant publications. Inputs from relevant journal publications are included in the report. The task made use of TWI library database and valuable inputs are derived from industrial members who are also the owners of TWI. The S4CE advisory board members contributed in years of technical expertise of which we have been made use of to develop this report. Various inputs have been sought and obtained from regulatory agencies and other relevant organizations such as the International Geothermal Organization and Environment agency, UK. The Covid-19 pandemic happened during the last year of the project. Even though the effects of Covid-19 are not mentioned for the scope of deliverables in Work package 8 (WP 8), an effort has been made to assess the impact of Covid-19 especially on the geothermal energy particularly focusing on the European context. This study is included as appropriate in the three deliverables of WP8 mentioned in the previous section.
Methodological approach. 1.6.5.1. The relevance of a systematic review and meta-analysis Previous research has been conducted to understand the association between depression, PTSD, or TBI and dementia in ageing US military veterans through a systematic or narrative review (Xxxxx & Xxxxx, 2014; Xxxxx et al, 2020; Xxxxxxxx et al, 2020; Xxxxxxxx et al, 2018; Xxxxxx et al, 2018; Xxxxxx et al, 2013; Xxx & Xxxx, 2021). However, findings from these reviews to understand the association per health risk factor were therefore inconclusive in military veterans. As there are limited systematic reviews and meta-analysis that have synthesised all the available evidence and compared the mental and physical ill-health and lifestyle-related risk factors (see section 1.5.1), this presents an opportunity for further exploration. Even though MCI and dementia are distinct health outcomes (Xxxxx et al, 2017; Xxxx et al, 2018), it is important to understand and compare how both health outcomes impact military veterans, considering some key questions when reflecting on the findings in this review. There is a scientific need to understand what health outcomes are more frequent in military veterans, if the health outcomes are influenced similarly or not by the listed risk factors (see section 1.5.1), and to compare the impact of MCI between military veterans and non-veterans. 6The War Pension Scheme (xxxxx://xxx.xxx.xx/guidance/war-pension-scheme-wps)
Methodological approach. We propose a method to infer the quality factor, which controls the anelastic attenuation during waves propagation from the source to the station, by analysing the peak-ground motion parameters. In what follows, we first report the results of a feasibility study and then the application of the proposed method to a real dataset of a geothermal drill site.
Methodological approach. Various shale gas basins are located across Europe. In contrast to the North American shale gas plays, European sedimentary basins have experienced more tectonically active basins throughout their geological history. This imposes a more complex structural environment of overprinting geological events that have affected the shale rocks under exploration. We identified the main shale gas plays and their depth under exploration or with exploration potential (Figure 1) and have researched each basin in publically available reports and publications to identify shale gas potential areas (Table 1). The temperature conditions we report for these areas are estimates for their depth range, using a continental a geothermal gradient of approximately 23°C/km with a surface temperature of 16°C. Similarly, for reservoir pressure we use a hydrostatic gradient of 0.433psi/foot (value taken from EIA), which converts to approximately 9.8 MPa/km. In addition, HB has provided in-house research and down-hole pressure – temperature measurements.
Methodological approach. For measuring robot exposure at the regional level, we follow the approach by Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx (2020). For given national changes in robot adoption at the industry level, this approach assigns stronger automation exposure to regions that were historically specialized in industries for which robot adoption has later been more substantial. We combine data on Deliverable D5.5 Version 1.0 the adoption of industrial robots at the country-industry level, sourced from the International Federation of Robotics, with regional employment data, sourced either from Eurostat or from national sources. For measuring individual exposure to automation, we develop in the paper a novel methodology. In particular, in order to capture the individual exposure to automation in a way that is not contaminated by the consequences of automation itself, we do not use information on the current occupation. Instead, we employ a vector of predicted probabilities for each individual to be employed in each occupation. Crucially, these probabilities are estimated based on individual characteristics and on the pre-sample, historical composition of employment at the occupation level in the region of residence. The individual vulnerability to automation is then obtained as the scalar product between this vector of probabilities and a vector of automatability scores of the occupations. In other words, the vulnerability score is a weighted average of the automatability scores for each occupation, where weights are the probabilities of employment of each individual in each occupation. To obtain the individual exposure to automation at the time of a given election, the vulnerability score is further interacted with the pace of robot adoption in the specific country and election year. Intuitively, for a given national pace of robot adoption, our measure of individual exposure assigns higher scores to individuals that would have been more likely – in the pre-sample historical labour market – to work in occupations whose automatability is higher. The logic of the individual measure is analogous to the one underlying the regional measure in Acemoglu and Xxxxxxxx (2020). In that case, the vulnerability of a region is determined by its historical sectoral composition. In this case, the vulnerability of an individual is determined by the historical distribution of occupations in her labour market, in conjunction with her observable characteristics. We employ historical labour market data from the Eu...
