Design of Experiments.Β The most influential parameters from the sensitivity analysis were chosen as input parameters and varied for the detailed design of experiments (DoE) for optimisation. The 10 less sensitive parameters are fixed at their values of the baseline design. The 11 input design parameters were distributed with the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique across the design space to form a design matrix of 100 design points. For each design in DoE matrix, computations would be performed for three operating points in both pump and turbine mode to ensure that a wide range of operation is covered within the optimisation process. This was crucial since the final machine should have a broad range of high efficiencies, rather than a distinct peak efficiency at a certain operation point. The output responses measured included power, head, efficiency and cavitation parameters (NPSHr computed for each rotor at different operating points based on 3% drop in power/torque in pump mode by using the single phase CFD results). Out of 100 design points in the design matrix, 95 converged designs were generated using TURBOdesign1 and were simulated with CFD for three operating points in each mode. To summarise, the data produced from the DoE consisted of a matrix of size 95πππ πππ πππππ‘π Γ 6 (π + π), where i and o are the number of input parameters and output responses respectively for each design analyzed.
Design of Experiments.Β The design of experiments (DOE) is a technique developed for the first time by X. X. Xxxxxx in 1920 to identify the relationships that can exist between the characteristic variables of a project and the different products of the same project. In particular, this approach is applied in the quality management of a project when it is necessary to: Ν» formulate hypotheses on the reasons behind the trend of some critical variables; Ν» carry out some tests to verify these hypotheses; Ν» analyse the test results; Ν» identify the corrections to be applied; Ν» carry out further tests until a result considered reliable is achieved. In order for the technique to produce its effects, the following six steps must be followed:
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