Common use of Harmonics Clause in Contracts

Harmonics. Harmonic distortion at the Point of Interconnection caused by the Facility shall not exceed the limits stated in IEEE Standard 519-1992, or latest version "Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems". Seller shall be responsible for the installation of any necessary controls or hardware to limit the voltage and current harmonics generated from the Facility to defined levels. Grid Forming Capabilities. [NOTE APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] Seller Facility inverters shall be capable of operating in grid forming mode supporting system operation under normal and emergency conditions without relying on the characteristics of synchronous machines. This includes operation as a current independent ac voltage source during normal and transient conditions (as long as no limits are reached within the inverter) and the ability to synchronize to other voltage sources or operate autonomously if a grid reference is unavailable. Seller shall operate the Facility in grid forming mode only as directed by the Company System Operator, in its sole discretion. Such mode of operation shall be indicated to the Company System Operator through telemetry. The Facility shall include safeguards to prevent the unintentional switching of the Facility into and out of grid forming mode. The safeguards shall be approved in writing by the Company and implemented by the Seller prior to control system testing. Black Start Capability. [NOTE - APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] [For synchronous machines, require capability to operate in isochronous control and black start.] The XXXX storage shall be capable of grid forming inverter capability so it can generate its own AC waveform rather than relying on a grid voltage to synchronize and maintain frequency. Further, inverter-based resources shall ensure they have sufficient energy storage to maintain power injection to the grid during system restoration (i.e., have power available when and if called upon). Inverter based facilities should be capable of support as a black start cranking path to start synchronous generators for restoration. Provision of Synthetic Inertia. [TO BE DETERMINED BASED ON IRS.] Generator Step-Up Transformer Impedance. The generator step-up transformer impedance shall be between [ ] percent and [ ] percent, inclusive, on transformer OA rating. [NOTE: THESE VALUES WILL BE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE IRS.]

Harmonics. Harmonic distortion at the Point of Interconnection caused by the Facility shall not exceed the limits stated in IEEE Standard 519-1992, or latest version "Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems". Seller shall be responsible for the installation of any necessary controls or hardware to limit the voltage and current harmonics generated from the Facility to defined levels. Grid Forming Capabilities. [NOTE APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] Seller Facility inverters shall be capable of operating in grid forming mode supporting system operation under normal and emergency conditions without relying on the characteristics of synchronous machines. This includes operation While in grid forming mode, the inverters will support grid operation, consistent with tariff requirements, as a continuous current independent ac voltage source during normal and transient conditions (as long as no limits are reached within the inverter) and the ability to synchronize to other voltage sources or and operate autonomously if a grid reference is unavailable, and should be able to share active and reactive power burden with other voltage sources without impacts on system stability. Seller shall operate the Facility in grid forming mode only as directed by the Company System Operator, in its sole discretion. The Facility shall be capable of enabling and disabling grid forming mode remotely from the Company System Operator. Such mode of operation shall be indicated to the Company System Operator through telemetry. The Facility shall include safeguards to prevent the unintentional switching of the Facility into and out of grid forming mode. The safeguards design shall be approved in writing by the Company and implemented by the Seller prior to control system testing. The Facility shall transition seamlessly from grid forming mode to grid following mode and vice versa while under load without ceasing current output in accordance with tunable system state parameters (frequency/voltage) and/or under the direction of the Company System Operator. Black Start Capability. [NOTE - APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] [For synchronous machines, require capability to operate in isochronous control and black start.] The XXXX storage shall be capable of grid forming inverter capability so it can generate its own AC waveform at the designated POI rather than relying on a grid voltage to synchronize and maintain frequency. Further, inverter-based resources shall ensure they have sufficient energy storage to maintain power injection to the grid during system restoration (i.e., have power available when and if called upon). [TO BE SPECIFIED DURING THE IRS.] Inverter based facilities should shall be capable of support as a black start cranking path to start synchronous generators for restoration. Provision The Facility shall have sufficient short-term over-current capability to supply inrush currents during energizing of Synthetic Inertiatransformers and distribution feeders and starting auxiliary motors of conventional power plants. [TO BE DETERMINED BASED ON IRS.] Generator StepOther inrush-Up Transformer Impedancecurrent mitigating solutions can be accepted as well. The generator step-up transformer impedance Facility for black start shall be between [ ] percent and [ ] percentconfigured to provide a ground reference for a black start path during the black start procedure (avoid energizing delta-delta transformer connected paths, inclusive, on transformer OA rating. [NOTE: THESE VALUES WILL BE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE IRSuse switchable grounding transformers or use wye-grounded transformers with dedicated black start units).]

Harmonics. Harmonic distortion at the Point of Interconnection caused by the Facility shall not exceed the limits stated in IEEE Standard 519-1992, or latest version "Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems". Seller shall be responsible for the installation of any necessary controls or hardware to limit the voltage and current harmonics generated from the Facility to defined levels. Grid Forming Capabilities. [NOTE APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] Seller Facility inverters shall be capable of operating in grid forming mode supporting system operation under normal and emergency conditions without relying on the characteristics of synchronous machines. This includes While in grid forming mode, the inverters will support operation as a continuous current independent ac voltage source during normal and transient conditions (as long as no limits are reached within the inverter) and the ability to synchronize to other voltage sources or and operate autonomously if a grid reference is unavailable, and should be able to share active and reactive power burden with other voltage sources without impacts on system stability. Seller shall operate the Facility in grid forming mode only as directed by the Company System Operator, in its sole discretion. The Facility shall be capable of enabling and disabling grid forming mode remotely from the Company System Operator. Such mode of operation shall be indicated to the Company System Operator through telemetry. The Facility shall include safeguards to prevent the unintentional switching of the Facility into and out of grid forming mode. The safeguards shall be approved in writing by the Company and implemented by the Seller prior to control system testing. The Facility shall transition seamlessly from grid forming mode to grid following mode and vice versa while under load without ceasing current output. Black Start Capability. [NOTE - APPLICABILITY BASED ON RESOURCE TYPE AND DESIGN, FOR INVERTER BASED RESOURCES] [For synchronous machines, require capability to operate in isochronous control and black start.] The XXXX storage shall be capable of grid forming inverter capability so it can generate its own AC waveform at the designated POI rather than relying on a grid voltage to synchronize and maintain frequency. Further, inverter-based resources shall ensure they have sufficient energy storage to maintain power injection to the grid during system restoration (i.e., have power available when and if called upon). [TO BE SPECIFIED DURING THE IRS.] Inverter based facilities should shall be capable of support as a black start cranking path to start synchronous generators for restoration. Provision The Facility shall have sufficient short-term over-current capability to supply inrush currents during energizing of Synthetic Inertiatransformers and distribution feeders and starting auxiliary motors of conventional power plants. [TO BE DETERMINED BASED ON IRS.] Generator StepOther inrush-Up Transformer Impedancecurrent mitigating solutions can be accepted as well. The generator step-up transformer impedance Facility for black start shall be between [ ] percent and [ ] percentconfigured to provide a ground reference for a black start path during the black start procedure (avoid energizing delta-delta transformer connected paths, inclusive, on transformer OA rating. [NOTE: THESE VALUES WILL BE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE IRSuse switchable grounding transformers or use wye-grounded transformers with dedicated black start units).]