{"component": "clause", "props": {"groups": [{"samples": [{"hash": "fuO3jvCbZ9K", "uri": "/contracts/fuO3jvCbZ9K#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Article", "score": 30.7022457123, "published": true}, {"hash": "4zdvV1jzIXF", "uri": "/contracts/4zdvV1jzIXF#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Article", "score": 30.2423686981, "published": true}], "size": 4, "snippet_links": [{"key": "design-procedures", "type": "clause", "offset": [6, 23]}], "snippet": "Study Design Procedures", "hash": "90d682149a3359e0ef7bcde920c42810", "id": 8}, {"samples": [{"hash": "a0c7PXGl9AS", "uri": "/contracts/a0c7PXGl9AS#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Article", "score": 23.1189193726, "published": true}, {"hash": "gFDmvmPXAOf", "uri": "/contracts/gFDmvmPXAOf#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Article", "score": 19.6208076477, "published": true}, {"hash": "bTe0eJtUr5f", "uri": "/contracts/bTe0eJtUr5f#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Article", "score": 19.6208076477, "published": true}], "size": 6, "snippet_links": [{"key": "table-1", "type": "clause", "offset": [207, 214]}, {"key": "stage-2", "type": "definition", "offset": [295, 302]}, {"key": "written-informed-consent", "type": "clause", "offset": [341, 365]}, {"key": "study-procedures", "type": "clause", "offset": [374, 390]}, {"key": "approved-by", "type": "clause", "offset": [396, 407]}, {"key": "review-boards", "type": "definition", "offset": [425, 438]}, {"key": "georgia-institute-of-technology", "type": "clause", "offset": [446, 477]}], "snippet": "86 2.1 PARTICIPANTS 87 We used baseline measurements from a convenience sample of participants in previous (3) and 88 ongoing cohort studies investigating the effects of rehabilitation on balance responses (Table 1). PD 89 participants were mild-moderate with bilateral symptoms (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 and \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 stage 2-3 (13)). All 90 participants provided written informed consent and all study procedures were approved by Institutional 91 Review Boards at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University.", "hash": "86f120d6b2554edbd75e5350ffaf0a65", "id": 1}, {"samples": [{"hash": "2Vd4dWcA8mA", "uri": "/contracts/2Vd4dWcA8mA#materials-and-methods", "label": "Distribution Agreement", "score": 25.1696071625, "published": true}], "size": 5, "snippet_links": [], "snippet": "Introduction", "hash": "0b79795d3efc95b9976c7c5b933afce2", "id": 2}, {"samples": [{"hash": "l9seRV15VJM", "uri": "/contracts/l9seRV15VJM#materials-and-methods", "label": "Doctoral Thesis", "score": 30.4466629028, "published": true}, {"hash": "kv5oGa0mirF", "uri": "/contracts/kv5oGa0mirF#materials-and-methods", "label": "Doctoral Thesis", "score": 24.9014377594, "published": true}, {"hash": "iljvQAFczlr", "uri": "/contracts/iljvQAFczlr#materials-and-methods", "label": "Doctoral Thesis", "score": 24.9014377594, "published": true}], 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"relationship-between-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [4243, 4267]}, {"key": "no-bias", "type": "clause", "offset": [4509, 4516]}, {"key": "limits-of-agreement", "type": "clause", "offset": [4634, 4653]}, {"key": "five-percent", "type": "clause", "offset": [4667, 4679]}, {"key": "upper-limit", "type": "clause", "offset": [4771, 4782]}, {"key": "correlation-coefficient", "type": "definition", "offset": [4893, 4916]}, {"key": "the-total", "type": "clause", "offset": [5103, 5112]}, {"key": "clinical-practice", "type": "clause", "offset": [5559, 5576]}, {"key": "information-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [5678, 5692]}], "snippet": "The Ethics Committee of \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 University approved the study protocol. Informed consent was obtained from all participants or participant\u00b4s guardian, after the nature of the procedures had been fully explained. This is a prospective observational study of real-time live ultrasound examinations of adnexal masses. Consecutive patients referred for an ultrasound examination and found to have an adnexal mass judged to need surgical removal were scanned according to the research protocol by sonologist 1 (PS) as part of the clinical ultrasound examination. A second ultrasound examination was carried out before surgery by sonologist 2 (LV). Both examiners used the standardized IOTA examination and measurement technique and the IOTA terminology (11) to describe their ultrasound findings and noted their results in a dedicated paper form. Sonologist 2 was blinded to the results of sonologist 1. Information on the clinical variables included in LR1 and LR2 (personal history of ovarian cancer, current hormonal therapy, age of the patient), was obtained at the preoperative ultrasound examination by sonologist 2. All patients were operated on within 90 days after the preoperative ultrasound examination performed by sonologist 2. The excised tissues underwent histological examination and tumors were classified according to the criteria recommended by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (16). Borderline tumors were classified as malignant. The patients were examined in the lithotomy position with an empty urinary bladder (11). Abdominal ultrasound examination was added when needed. The ultrasound variables assessed with regard to interobserver reproducibility are shown in Table 1. The size of the lesion and that of its largest solid component were measured (largest diameter and mean of three orthogonal diameters) using calipers on the frozen ultrasound image. A color score was assigned on the basis of subjective assessment of the color content of the tumor scan at power Doppler ultrasound examination. A color score of 1 indicates absence of color Doppler signals, a color score of 2 a minimal amount of color Doppler signals, a color score of 3 a moderate amount of color Doppler signals and a color score of 4 a large amount of color Doppler signals in the tumor (11). The ultrasound systems used were GE Voluson 730 Expert or GE Voluson E8 (GE Healthcare, \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587, Austria) with a 5\u20139-MHz transvaginal transducer. For power Doppler ultrasound examinations the following settings were used: for the Voluson 730 Expert system frequency 6-9 ( normal ) MHz; pulse repetition frequency 0.6 kHz; gain 0.8; wall motion filter low 1 (40 Hz), and for Voluson E8 frequency 6-9 ( normal ) MHz, pulse repetition frequency 0.6 kHz, gain -4.0, wall motion filter low 1 (40 Hz). The IOTA3 study screen (astraia GMBH, Munich, Germany) was used to calculate the risk of malignancy according to LR1. Weighted Kappa indices were calculated using the statistical program Stata, Version 10.1 for Windows (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). For all other statistical calculations including calculation of the risk of malignancy when using LR2 we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS program, IBM corp., New York, NY, USA, PASW version 18.0). Inter-observer agreement in the assessment of categorical variables was estimated by calculating the percentage agreement. \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587'\u2587 kappa was used to estimate by how much the observed agreement exceeded that expected by chance (17). Weighted kappa values are presented where appropriate (18). It has been suggested that Kappa values >0.81 indicate very good agreement beyond chance, kappa values between 0.61 and 0.80 good agreement beyond chance, kappa values between 0.41 and 0.60 moderate agreement beyond chance, kappa values between 0.21 and 0.40 fair agreement beyond chance, and kappa values <0.20 poor agreement beyond chance (19). Inter-observer reproducibility of measurement results, including the calculated risks of malignancy using LR1 and LR2, was described as the difference between two measurement results. The differences between the measured values were plotted against the mean of the two measurements (\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 plots) to assess the relationship between the differences and the magnitude of the measurements (20). Systematic bias between two measurements was estimated by calculating the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean difference (mean difference \u00b12 SE). If zero lay within this interval, no bias was assumed to exist between the two measurements. Inter-observer agreement was expressed as the mean difference and limits of agreement (20). Ninety-five percent of differences between any future measurements are estimated to fall between the lower and upper limit of agreement. Inter-observer reliability of measurements results was estimated by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) using analysis of variance (two way random model - absolute agreement; this allows generalization of the results to a population of observers). The ICC indicates the proportion of the total variance in measurement results that can be explained by differences between the individuals examined. It depends both on the magnitude of measurement errors and the true heterogeneity in the population in which measurements are made. The more variable the population investigated, the greater the ICC and the less variable the population, the smaller the ICC (21). It has been suggested that ICC values >0.90 are needed for a test to be used in clinical practice (22). The sensitivity and specificity with regard to malignancy of LR1 and LR2, calculated using the information of sonologist 1 and 2, were calculated.", "hash": "455ea0c208e7928daa4a8087e2379fd3", "id": 5}, {"samples": [{"hash": "lMcDAZwb2fh", "uri": "/contracts/lMcDAZwb2fh#materials-and-methods", "label": "Species\u2013area Relationship", "score": 20.7713890076, "published": true}, {"hash": "bYlB6tbaWpS", "uri": "/contracts/bYlB6tbaWpS#materials-and-methods", "label": "Species\u2013area Relationship", "score": 20.7713890076, "published": true}, {"hash": "48YvpFFf3kp", "uri": "/contracts/48YvpFFf3kp#materials-and-methods", "label": "Species\u2013area Relationship Study", "score": 20.7631759644, "published": true}], "size": 4, "snippet_links": [{"key": "description-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [0, 14]}, {"key": "the-model", "type": "clause", "offset": [195, 204]}, {"key": "affected-by", "type": "definition", "offset": [932, 943]}, {"key": "type-of", "type": "definition", "offset": [956, 963]}, {"key": "in-relation-to", "type": "clause", "offset": [973, 987]}, {"key": "close-to", "type": "definition", "offset": [1070, 1078]}, {"key": "to-ensure", "type": "clause", "offset": [1396, 1405]}, {"key": "details-of-the", "type": "clause", "offset": [1635, 1649]}], "snippet": "Description of Simulations. We used a lattice-based stochastic patch occu- pancy model (26) to simulate spatially explicit dynamics of large numbers of species with dissimilar ecological traits. The model assumes that different lattice cells may represent different habitat type, and that habitat type across the lattice may be spatially correlated (26). In the present simulations, we assumed a high degree of spatial correlation in habitat type (parameter \u03c9 = 2 in ref. 26). Interspeci\ufb01c interactions are not modeled, but each species has distinct ecological traits de\ufb01ned by \ufb01ve parameters: colonization rate (c), extinction rate (e), average dispersal distance (1/\u03b1), mean phenotype (\u03c6), and niche width (\u03b3). Colonization rate and extinction rate control the probability of a species populating an unoccupied lattice cell and the probability of extinction in an occupied cell in unit time, respectively. These probabilities are affected by the habitat type of the cell in relation to the mean pheno- type and niche width of the species (26). Cells with habitat type close to the species mean phenotype support populations best, whereas niche width controls the sensitivity of the species to habitat type. In the present simu- lations, a species typically reaches the stochastic stationary state from a few dozen to a few hundred time steps (26). We run the simulations for at least 500 steps to ensure that most species had reached the quasi-stationary state. Increasing the simulation time did not qualitatively alter the results, al- though it resulted in a few additional extinctions as expected due to sto- \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587. Further details of the simulations are given in SI Text.", "hash": "46c8c4876ab789cbaf99f5cd86370ca6", "id": 6}, {"samples": [{"hash": "7Ig44wlBIpZ", "uri": "/contracts/7Ig44wlBIpZ#materials-and-methods", "label": "End User License Agreement", "score": 31.2722225189, "published": true}, {"hash": "l3tIbiYaYGj", "uri": "/contracts/l3tIbiYaYGj#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Publication", "score": 19.396987915, "published": true}, {"hash": "hOQeGBcVQz0", "uri": "/contracts/hOQeGBcVQz0#materials-and-methods", "label": "Thesis", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "size": 4, "snippet_links": [], "snippet": "Participants", "hash": "510a8cb711495bfdd04c792d2fc4b0fe", "id": 7}, {"samples": [{"hash": "bb658Gm95l1", "uri": "/contracts/bb658Gm95l1#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}, {"hash": "8RlnzmakEjq", "uri": "/contracts/8RlnzmakEjq#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}, {"hash": "6qBZZrvapXL", "uri": "/contracts/6qBZZrvapXL#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "size": 3, "snippet_links": [{"key": "the-\u2587", "type": "clause", "offset": [476, 481]}, {"key": "geometric-mean", "type": "definition", "offset": [654, 668]}, {"key": "limits-of-agreement", "type": "clause", "offset": [688, 707]}, {"key": "selection-of", "type": "clause", "offset": [937, 949]}, {"key": "changes-in", "type": "definition", "offset": [1003, 1013]}], "snippet": "Twenty-six patients with SCCA were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent CTP. Data were analyzed by 2 expert readers and by an inexperienced reader for interobserver agreement and by the 2 expert readers for intraobserver agreement assessment, by using the ECA ipsilateral to tumor site as arterial input. All 3 readers repeated their analysis by using the ECA contralateral to tumor site as arterial input. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was assessed by using the \u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587-\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587\u2587 approach; CTP measurements by using ipsilateral-versus-contralateral or left-versus-right ECA were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: The geometric mean of the ratios (95% limits of agreement) for inter- and intraobserver agreement ranged from 0.96 (0.75\u20131.23) to 1.00 (0.92\u20131.10) for blood flow (BF), from 0.88 (0.63\u20131.21) CONCLUSIONS: BF, BV, and MTT demonstrated higher inter- and intraobserver agreement than PS. The selection of arterial input, right-versus-left ECA, may determine changes in CTP measurements in patients with SCCA of the upper aerodigestive tract. C", "hash": "2a9f5a408adc553b083ce0b39efa005d", "id": 9}, {"samples": [{"hash": "bb658Gm95l1", "uri": "/contracts/bb658Gm95l1#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}, {"hash": "8RlnzmakEjq", "uri": "/contracts/8RlnzmakEjq#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}, {"hash": "6qBZZrvapXL", "uri": "/contracts/6qBZZrvapXL#materials-and-methods", "label": "Research Study", "score": 19.0, "published": true}], "size": 3, "snippet_links": [{"key": "data-analysis", "type": "definition", "offset": [37, 50]}, {"key": "the-data", "type": "clause", "offset": [616, 624]}, {"key": "a-and-b", "type": "clause", "offset": [786, 793]}], "snippet": "Patients Imaging Technique Image and Data Analysis The images and data obtained were anonymized and transferred to an image-processing workstation (Advantage Windows 4.2, GE Health- care). CTP data were analyzed by 3 independent readers, 2 expert and the other inexperienced in CTP imaging. Before their CTP analyses for this study, the first expert reader (expert reader A) had 5 years\u2019 experience in CTP imaging, whereas the second expert reader (expert reader B) had 13 years\u2019 experience in head and neck CT imaging and 3 years\u2019 experience in CTP imaging. Each performed a first CTP anal- ysis en masse after all the data were collected and a repeated CTP analysis on the same anonymous dataset during a period ranging from 4 to 8 weeks (median, 6.8 and 6.5 weeks for expert readers A and B respectively), to allow evaluation of intraobserver agreement.", "hash": "a9def08478018327f63973f01be52c43", "id": 10}], "next_curs": "Cl4SWGoVc35sYXdpbnNpZGVyY29udHJhY3RzcjoLEhZDbGF1c2VTbmlwcGV0R3JvdXBfdjU2Ih5tYXRlcmlhbHMtYW5kLW1ldGhvZHMjMDAwMDAwMGEMogECZW4YACAA", "clause": {"size": 342, "children": [["", ""], ["statistical-analysis", "Statistical analysis"], ["materials", "Materials"], ["methods", "Methods"], ["introduction", "Introduction"]], "parents": [["results", "RESULTS"], ["discussion", "Discussion"], ["references", "REFERENCES"], ["laboratory-assessments", "Laboratory assessments"], ["conclusion", "Conclusion"]], "title": "Materials and Methods", "id": "materials-and-methods", "related": [["materials-and-supplies", "Materials and Supplies", "Materials and Supplies"], ["materials-and-improvements", "Materials and Improvements", "Materials and Improvements"], ["materials-and-equipment", "Materials and Equipment", "Materials and Equipment"], ["materials-and-workmanship", "MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP", "MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP"], ["quality-of-materials-and-workmanship", "Quality of Materials and workmanship", "Quality of Materials and workmanship"]], "related_snippets": [], "updated": "2025-07-24T04:27:57+00:00"}, "json": true, "cursor": ""}}