Photovoltaic Cells Plus Electrolyzer Sample Clauses

Photovoltaic Cells Plus Electrolyzer. The photovoltaic (PV) cell is currently the most successful device for the conversion of solar photons into an energy form other than heat. Si PV cells have now exceeded 20% efficiency (at 1 sun, i.e., an irradiance of 1000 W m-2), and commercial PV modules are now available with cell efficiencies of ~18%. Tandem GaAs/GaAlAs PV cells have achieved efficiencies of over 30%. With the success of PV cells, it is natural to examine the coupling of a PV array to generate solar electricity, which then can drive an electrolyzer system to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen. As noted in Section 4.2.1, this has been achieved on a pilot-plant scale (~10 kWe) with an overall efficiency of ~6%. Undoubtedly with improvements in the component efficiencies and coupling of the systems, efficiencies in excess of ~10% can be expected in the near future. Currently the cost of a PV array is ~$6/Wp.g At 10% efficiency, this would impose a capital cost of ~$2400 per m2 at an average solar irradiance of 250 W m-2. The electrolyzer might add another ~$100 per m2. Thus the PV cell/electrolyzer option is ~16 times that estimated for an economic system. As the costs of PV cells drop and overall efficiencies improve, it is reasonable to expect that this gap will narrow considerably in the near future.
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