Physics in Radiation Oncology Sample Clauses

Physics in Radiation Oncology. Objective: The student is introduced to the physical principles and the technical aspects of all steps of the radiotherapy process and the essential elements of Quality Management in radiotherapy. The principle and the operating modes of the different equipment used in radiotherapy are given, including facility design. The definition and use of quantities to describe the radiation beams and radioactive sources used in radiotherapy, is given. The student must comprehend the essential elements of dosimetry and patient treatment planning, including definition of the volumes to be irradiated, patient data acquisition, dose distribution (2D & 3D) calculation, evaluation and verification. Content: • External Beam Radiation therapy equipment o Functional principles and safety aspects of: ▪ 60Co unit ▪ Linear accelerator (photons and electrons) ▪ Simulator ▪ Computed Tomography (CT) ▪ Treatment Planning System (TPS) ▪ Record and verify systems (RVS) o Dosimetry equipment ▪ Absolute and relative dosimetry system ▪ Water phantoms ▪ In-vivo dosimetry (IVD) (e.g. diodes, metal oxide semiconductor field- effect transistors (MOSFETs), etc.) ▪ Film dosimetry • Photon beams o PDD, Profiles, Isodose curves (concepts) o Dose ratios (e.g. percent depth dose (PDD), tissue-maximum ratio, etc.) o Output factors (e.g. head scatter factors, total scatter correction factor, etc.) o Factors influencing dose distribution (e.g. field size, energy, etc.) o Treatment time and Monitor unit calculations and dose tables (equivalent square, PDD tables, …) o Manual dose calculation (Extended source surface distance (SSD), two opposing fields, …) • Electron beams o PDD, Profiles, Isodose curves (concepts) o Range and energy concepts o Monitor unit calculations and dose tables o Output factors (applicator factors, cut-out factors, …) o Bolus • Beam calibration o Specification for beam quality (kV & MV photons & electrons) o Absolute dose measurement o Code of practices (IAEA TRS398, IAEA TRS 277, etc.) • Imaging in Radiation Oncology o Simulator (fluoroscopy, CT-simulation, simulator-CT) o Computed tomography (CT) o Portal imaging o Other modalities (Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Angiography, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and Image fusion in radiotherapy) • Immobilisation and localisation for radiation oncology o Immobilization devices (thermoplastic, foam, breast board, etc.) o Contouring devices • Treatment planning o Volume defin...
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Related to Physics in Radiation Oncology

  • Radiation Therapy/Chemotherapy Services This plan covers chemotherapy and radiation services. This plan covers respiratory therapy services. When respiratory services are provided in your home, as part of a home care program, durable medical equipment, supplies, and oxygen are covered as a durable medical equipment service.

  • Surgery Services This plan covers surgery services to treat a disease or injury when: • the operation is not experimental or investigational, or cosmetic in nature; • the operation is being performed at the appropriate place of service; and • the physician is licensed to perform the surgery. This plan covers reconstructive surgery and procedures when the services are performed to relieve pain, or to correct or improve bodily function that is impaired as a result of: • a birth defect; • an accidental injury; • a disease; or • a previous covered surgical procedure. Functional indications for surgical correction do not include psychological, psychiatric or emotional reasons. This plan covers the procedures listed below to treat functional impairments. • abdominal wall surgery including panniculectomy (other than an abdominoplasty); • blepharoplasty and ptosis repair; • gastric bypass or gastric banding; • nasal reconstruction and septorhinoplasty; • orthognathic surgery including mandibular and maxillary osteotomy; • reduction mammoplasty; • removal of breast implants; • removal or treatment of proliferative vascular lesions and hemangiomas; • treatment of varicose veins; or • gynecomastia.

  • Pharmacy Services The Contractor shall establish a network of pharmacies. The Contractor or its PBM must provide at least two (2) pharmacy providers within thirty (30) miles or thirty (30) minutes from a member’s residence in each county, as well as at least two (2) durable medical equipment providers in each county or contiguous county.

  • Clinical Management for Behavioral Health Services (CMBHS) System 1. request access to CMBHS via the CMBHS Helpline at (000) 000-0000. 2. use the CMBHS time frames specified by System Agency. 3. use System Agency-specified functionality of the CMBHS in its entirety. 4. submit all bills and reports to System Agency through the CMBHS, unless otherwise instructed.

  • Anesthesia Services This plan covers general and local anesthesia services received from an anesthesiologist when the surgical procedure is a covered healthcare service. This plan covers office visits or office consultations with an anesthesiologist when provided prior to a scheduled covered surgical procedure.

  • Dialysis Services This plan covers dialysis services and supplies provided when you are inpatient, outpatient or in your home and under the supervision of a dialysis program. Dialysis supplies provided in your home are covered as durable medical equipment.

  • Prosthodontics We Cover prosthodontic services as follows:

  • Speech Therapy This plan covers speech therapy services when provided by a qualified licensed • loss of speech or communication function; or • impairment as a result of an acute illness or injury, or an acute exacerbation of a chronic disease. Speech therapy services must relate to: • performing basic functional communication; or • assessing or treating swallowing dysfunction. See Autism Services when speech therapy services are rendered as part of the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. The amount you pay and any benefit limit will be the same whether the services are provided for habilitative or rehabilitative purposes.

  • Telemedicine Services This plan covers clinically appropriate telemedicine services when the service is provided via remote access through an on-line service or other interactive audio and video telecommunications system in accordance with R.I. General Law § 27-81-1. Clinically appropriate telemedicine services may be obtained from a network or non- network provider, and from our designated telemedicine service provider. When you seek telemedicine services from our designated telemedicine service provider, the amount you pay is listed in the Summary of Medical Benefits. When you receive a covered healthcare service from a network or non-network provider via remote access, the amount you pay depends on the covered healthcare service you receive, as indicated in the Summary of Medical Benefits. For information about telemedicine services, our designated telemedicine service provider, and how to access telemedicine services, please visit our website or contact our Customer Service Department.

  • PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES Psychotherapy is not easily described in general statements. It varies depending on the personalities of the psychologist and patient, and the particular problems you hope to address. There are many different methods I may use to deal with those problems. Psychotherapy is not like a medical doctor visit. Instead, it calls for a very active effort on your part. In order for the therapy to be most successful, you will have to work on things we talk about both during our sessions and at home. Psychotherapy can have benefits and risks. Because therapy often involves discussing unpleasant aspects of your life, you may experience uncomfortable feelings like sadness, guilt, anger, frustration, loneliness, and helplessness. When treating insomnia specifically, therapy might cause you to experience increased sleepiness and fatigue, especially in the early phases of treatment. On the other hand, psychotherapy has also been shown to have benefits for people who go through it. Therapy often leads to better relationships, solutions to specific problems, significant reductions in feelings of distress, improved sleep, and less fatigue. But there are no guarantees as to what you will experience. Our first session will involve an evaluation of your needs. By the end of the evaluation, I will be able to offer you some first impressions of what our work will include and a treatment plan to follow, if you decide to continue with me for therapy. You should evaluate this information along with your own opinions about whether you feel comfortable working with me. At the end of the evaluation, I will notify you if I believe that I am not the right therapist for you and if so, I will give you referrals to other practitioners who I believe are better suited to help you. Therapy involves a large commitment of time, money, and energy, so you should be very careful about the therapist you select. If you have questions about my procedures, we should discuss them whenever they arise. If your doubts persist, I will be happy to help you set up a meeting with another mental health professional for a second opinion. Please note that the psychological services I provide are not for emergency situations. For emergencies, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. My fee is $395 for an initial evaluation lasting 90 minutes, and $250 for each subsequent psychotherapy session (either in-person or over the telephone) lasting 45 minutes. I charge this same $250 per 45-minutes rate for other professional services you may need, though I will prorate the cost if I work for periods of less than 45 minutes in increments of 15 minutes, rounded to the nearest 15-minute increment (e.g., 22 minutes of service will be charged for 15 minutes whereas 23 minutes of service will be charged for 30 minutes). Other professional services include telephone conversations or email responses lasting longer than 15 minutes, and the time spent performing any other service you may request of me. If you become involved in legal proceedings that require my participation, you will be expected to pay for any professional time I spend on your legal matter, even if the request comes from another party, at the same $250 per 45-minutes rate. I do not charge for time spent writing reports and progress notes as per the standard routine of my care of you. I also do not charge for any time I may spend collaborating with your other providers. From time to time, I may institute fee increases and these will be discussed and agreed upon ahead of time with a new Treatment Contract. If it has been more than one year since our last appointment, then you will re-initiate services at my current standard fee which may be higher than the fee you were previously paying. In addition, if it has been more than one year since our last appointment, you will be scheduled for another initial evaluation (90 minutes) and charged accordingly, with subsequent 45-minute psychotherapy sessions thereafter. You are responsible for paying your full session fee. I am not in-network with any insurance companies. If you decide to submit claims to your insurance company for reimbursement for any out-of-network benefits you might have, you may do so. However, be aware that the services provided will still be charged to you, not your insurance company, and you are responsible for the full payment. I have no role in deciding what your insurance covers. You are responsible for checking your insurance coverage, deductibles, payment rates, pre-authorization procedures, etc. Missed appointments, late cancellations (i.e., cancellations within 24 hours of service), and telephone session are not typically covered by insurance companies and therefore you will likely be responsible for the full session fee in these instances. If your insurance company doesn’t reimburse you, I am not responsible for refunding you any payment you expected to be reimbursed or otherwise. I will provide you a superbill after each session with the following information that you will need to submit to your insurance company for reimbursement for any out-of-network benefits you might have:

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