EXHIBIT 2
BY-LAWS
OF
MAGNA FUNDS
ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and Principal Office
1.1 Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These By-Laws shall be subject to the
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Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in effect (the
"Declaration of Trust"), of Magna Funds (the "Trust"), the Massachusetts
business trust established by the Declaration of Trust.
1.2 Principal Office of the Trust. The principal office of the Trust shall be
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located in Boston, Massachusetts.
ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees
2.1 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without
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call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to
time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any
such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held, at any
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time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting, when called by the
Chairman of the Board, if any, the President or the Treasurer or by two or more
Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.
2.3 Notice. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting to
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send notice by mail at least forty-eight hours or by telegram at least twenty-
four hours before the meeting addressed to the Trustee at his or her usual or
last known business or residence address or to give notice to him or her in
person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of
a meeting need not be given (a) to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice,
executed by him before or
after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting; or (b) to any
Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its
commencement the lack of notice to him or her. Neither notice of a meeting nor
a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting.
2.4 Quorum. At any meeting of the Trustees a majority of the Trustees then in
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office shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to
time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum
is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.
ARTICLE 3
Officers
3.1 Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a
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President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and such other officers, if any, as the
Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust may also
have such agents as the Trustees may appoint from time to time in their
discretion. If a Chairman of the Board is elected, he or she shall be a Trustee
and may but need not be a shareholder; and any other officer may be but none
need be a Trustee or shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the
same person.
3.2 Election and Tenure. The President, the Treasurer, the Secretary and such
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other officers as the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time elect
shall each be elected by the Trustees to serve until his or her successor is
elected or qualified, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or
becomes disqualified. Each officer shall hold office and each agent shall
retain authority at the pleasure of the Trustees.
3.3 Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each officer
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shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein and in the Declaration
of Trust set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the
office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a Massachusetts
business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from
time to time designate.
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3.4 President and Vice Presidents. The President shall have the duties and
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powers specified in these By-Laws and shall have such other duties and powers as
may be determined by the Trustees. Any Vice Presidents shall have such duties
and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the Trustees.
3.5 Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer of the Trust shall be
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the Chairman of the Board, the President or such other officer as is designated
by the Trustees and shall, subject to the control of the Trustees, have general
charge and supervision of the business of the Trust and, except as the Trustees
shall otherwise determine, preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of
the Trustees. If no such designation is made, the President shall be the Chief
Executive Officer.
3.6 Chairman of the Board. If a Chairman of the Board of Trustees is elected,
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he or she shall have the duties and powers specified in these By-Laws and shall
have such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Trustees.
3.7 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial and accounting
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officer of the Trust, and shall, subject to the provisions of the Declaration of
Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a custodian, investment
adviser or administrator or transfer, shareholder servicing or similar agent, be
in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and accounting records of the
Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from
time to time by the Trustees or by the President.
3.8 Secretary. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the Shareholders
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and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a copy thereof
shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence of the
Secretary from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees, an assistant
Secretary or, if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary Secretary
chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid
books.
3.9 Resignations and Removals. Any officer may resign at any time by written
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instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the President or the Secretary
or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon
receipt unless specified
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to be effective at some other time. The Trustees may remove any officer with or
without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement
with the Trust, no officer resigning and no officer removed shall have any right
to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation or removal,
or any right to damages on account of such removal.
ARTICLE 4
Indemnification
4.1 Trustees, Officers, etc. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees
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and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors,
officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest
as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (each such Trustee, officer or person
hereinafter referred to as a "Covered Person") against all liabilities and
expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of
judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably
incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of
any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any
court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be
or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may
be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of any
alleged act or omission as a Trustee or officer or by reason of his or her being
or having been such a Trustee or officer, except with respect to any matter as
to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such
action, suit or other proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the
reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best interest of
the Trust, and except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any
liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would
otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such
Covered Person's office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any
such Covered Person, may be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of
the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding on the condition
that the amounts so paid shall be repaid to the Trust if it is ultimately
determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this
Article.
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4.2 Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of by a compromise payment
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by any such Covered Person referred to in Section 4.1 above, pursuant to a
consent decree or otherwise, no such indemnification either for said payment or
for any other expenses shall be provided unless such compromise shall be
approved as in the best interests of the Trust, after notice that it involved
such indemnification, (a) by a disinterested majority of the Trustees then in
office; or (b) by a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office; or
(c) by any disinterested person or persons to whom the question may be referred
by the Trustees; or (d) by vote of Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares
entitled to vote thereon, exclusive of any Shares beneficially owned by any
interested Covered Person; provided, however, that such indemnification would
not protect such person against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders
to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of office. Approval by the Trustees pursuant to clause
(a) or (b) or by any disinterested person or persons pursuant to clause (c) of
this Section shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any
amount paid as indemnification to such Covered Person in accordance with any of
such clauses if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of
competent jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief
that such Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or to
have been liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office.
4.3 Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification hereby
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provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any such
Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article 4, the term "Covered
Person" shall include such person's heirs, executors and administrators; an
"interested Covered Person" is one against whom the action, suit or other
proceeding in question or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same
or similar grounds is then or has been pending; and a "disinterested Trustee" or
"disinterested person" is a Trustee or a person against whom none of such
actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding
on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending.
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Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to
which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees and officers, and other
persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, or the power of the
Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
ARTICLE 5
Reports
5.1 General. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in
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the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers
shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or from time to
time as may be required by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 6
Fiscal Year
6.1 General. Except as otherwise provided from time to time by the Trustees,
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the fiscal year of the Trust shall end on August 31 in each year.
ARTICLE 7
Seal
7.1 General. The seal of the Trust shall consist of a flat-faced die with the
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word "Massachusetts", together with the name of the Trust and the year of its
organization cut or engraved thereon. Unless otherwise required by the
Trustees, it shall not be necessary to place the seal on, and its absence shall
not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper executed and
delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.
ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers
8.1 General. Except as the Trustees, generally or in particular cases, may
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have authorized the execution thereof in some other manner, all checks, notes,
drafts and other obligations and all registration statements and amendments
thereto and all applications and amendments thereto to the Securities and
Exchange Commission shall be signed by any of the President, any
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Vice-President, the Treasurer or any of such other officers or agents as shall
be designated for that purpose by a vote of the Trustees.
ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Share Certificates
9.1 Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for shares, the
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Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts therefor or may keep
accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such shares, who
shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be the holders of
certificates for such shares as if they had accepted such certificates and shall
be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms of this Article 9.
The Trustees may at any time authorize the issuance of share certificates. In
that event, each shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the
number of shares owned by him or her, in such form as shall be prescribed from
time to time by the Trustees. Such certificates shall be signed by the
President or any Vice-President and by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer.
Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer
agent, or by a registrar, other than a Trustee, officer or employee of the
Trust. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been
placed on such certificate shall cease to be such officer before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if
he or she were such officer at the time of its issue.
9.2 Loss of Certificates. In case of the alleged loss or destruction or the
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mutilation of a share certificate, a duplicate certificate may be issued in
place thereof, upon such terms as the Trustees shall prescribe.
9.3 Issuance of New Certificates to Pledgee. A pledgee of shares transferred
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as collateral security shall be entitled to a new certificate if the instrument
of transfer substantially describes the debt or duty that is intended to be
secured thereby. Such new certificate shall express on its face that it is held
as collateral security, and the name of the pledgor shall
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be stated thereon, who alone shall be liable as a shareholder and entitled to
vote thereon.
9.4 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees may at any time
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discontinue the issuance of share certificates and may, by written notice to
each shareholder, require the surrender of share certificates to the Trust for
cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not effect the ownership of
shares in the Trust.
ARTICLE 10
Provisions Relating to the Conduct of the Trust's Business
10.1 Determination of Net Asset Value Per Share. Net asset value per share of
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each series or class of shares of the Trust shall be determined at the times and
in the manner specified from time to time by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 11
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
11.1 Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the shareholders who are
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entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, the
Trustees may from time to time fix a time, which shall be not more than 90 days
before the date of any meeting of shareholders or the date for the payment of
any dividend or of any other distribution, as the record date for determining
the shareholders having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and
any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or distribution,
and in such case only shareholders of record on such record date shall have such
right notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the books of the Trust after the
record date; or without fixing such record date the Trustees may for any of such
purposes close the register or transfer books for all or any part of such
period.
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ARTICLE 12
Amendments to the By-Laws
12.1 General. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part,
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by a majority of the Trustees then in office at any meeting of the Trustees.
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