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Ex-Ante EvaluationLoan Agreement • May 19th, 2015
With average annual rainfall of just 500 mm, half of Tunisia’s territory is belonging to semiarid zone. This means that the country relies heavily on underground water to satisfy their water demands―nearly 2/3 of demand as a whole―and that underground water sources serve as a precious water resource. The sewage water connection ratio is high (89.3% in 2010) in the area under jurisdiction of the Office National de l’Assainissement (ONAS), but still, local cities in inland areas suffer from aging sewage system pipes and drains constructed during 1970s and 1980s. There are increasing concerns over the impact of polluted water leaking from the aging facilities on underground water resources. Besides, the predicted population increase in Tunisia's urban areas is 1.3% (2008–2030), and water demand in the area is thought to rise from 450 million m3 (2008) to 862 million m3 (2030) accordingly. Therefore, further improvement of sewerage facilities to meet ever-increasing sewage water volume as
