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Agreement and Kappa-Type IndicesArticle • January 21st, 2008
Kappa-type indices use the concept of agreement to ex- press the reproducibility of nominal measurements. This arti- cle grounds kappa-type indices in statistical modeling, making explicit the underlying premises and assumptions. We critically review whether the interpretation of the kappa index as a chance- corrected probability of agreement can be substantiated. Further, we show that the so-called paradoxical behavior of the kappa index is explained from the fact that it is a measure of predic- tive association, rather than a pure measure of reproducibility. We discuss a number of alternative forms, critically examining whether they can be translated in tangible real-life interpreta- tions.
