SERVICES TO BE RENDERED 2.1 Either party by giving the other party notice may reserve for periods of not less than one (1) or more than twelve (12) months, such electric power (hereincalled "Limited Term Power (Firm)") as the other party may be willing to make available as Limited Term Power (Firm). The party asked to supply Limited Term Power (Firm) shall be the sole judge as to the amounts and periods that it has electric power available that may be reserved by the other party as Limited Term Power (Firm).
SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY MANAGER TO FUND (a) The Manager, at its expense, will furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund or, in the case of a Fund that has divided its shares into two or more series under Section 18(f)(2) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), each series of the Fund identified from time to time on Schedule A to this Contract (each reference in this Contract to “a Fund” or to “the Fund” is also deemed to be a reference to any existing series of the Fund, as appropriate in the particular context), will determine what investments will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund will be held uninvested and will, on behalf of the Fund, make changes in such investments. Subject always to the control of the Trustees of the Fund and except for the functions carried out by the officers and personnel referred to in Section 1(d), the Manager will also manage, supervise and conduct the other affairs and business of the Fund and matters incidental thereto. In the performance of its duties, the Manager will comply with the provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws of the Fund and the stated investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Fund, will use its best efforts to safeguard and promote the welfare of the Fund and to comply with other policies which the Trustees may from time to time determine and will exercise the same care and diligence expected of the Trustees.
(b) The Manager, at its expense, except as such expense is paid by the Fund as provided in Section 1(d), will furnish (1) all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel, required for it to execute its duties faithfully; (2) suitable office space for the Fund; and (3) administrative facilities, including bookkeeping, clerical personnel and equipment necessary for the efficient conduct of the affairs of the Fund, including determination of the net asset value of the Fund, but excluding shareholder accounting services. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1(d), the Manager will pay the compensation, if any, of the officers of the Fund.
(c) The Manager, at its expense, will place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio investments for the Fund’s account with brokers or dealers selected by the Manager. In the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, the Manager will use its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, the Manager, bearing in mind the Fund’s best interests at all times, will consider all factors it deems relevant, including by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker or dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker or dealer in other transactions. Subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Fund may determine, the Manager will not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Manager’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund and to other clients of the Manager as to which the Manager exercises investment discretion. The Manager agrees that in connection with purchases or sales of portfolio investments for the Fund’s account, neither the Manager nor any officer, director, employee or agent of the Manager shall act as a principal or receive any commission other than as provided in Section 3.
(d) The Fund will pay or reimburse the Manager for the compensation in whole or in part of such officers of the Fund and persons assisting them as may be determined from time to time by the Trustees of the Fund. The Fund will also pay or reimburse the Manager for all or part of the cost of suitable office space, utilities, support services and equipment attributable to such officers and persons as may be determined in each case by the Trustees of the Fund. The Fund will pay the fees, if any, of the Trustees of the Fund.
(e) The Manager will not be obligated to pay any expenses of or for the Fund not expressly assumed by the Manager pursuant to this Section 1 other than as provided in Section 3.
(f) Subject to the prior approval of a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” and, to the extent required by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations under the 1940 Act, subject to any applicable guidance or interpretation of the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff, by the shareholders of the Fund, the Manager may, from time to time, delegate to a sub-adviser or sub-administrator any of the Manager’s duties under this Contract, including the management of all or a portion of the assets being managed. In all instances, however, the Manager must oversee the provision of delegated services, the Manager must bear the separate costs of employing any sub-adviser or sub-administrator, and no delegation will relieve the Manager of any of its obligations under this Contract.
SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY THE ADVISER TO THE TRUST A. As investment adviser to the Portfolio, the Adviser will coordinate the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Allocated Portion and determine the composition of the assets of the Allocated Portion, subject always to the supervision and control of the Manager and the Trustees of the Trust.
B. As part of the services it will provide hereunder, the Adviser will:
(i) obtain and evaluate pertinent economic, statistical, financial, and other information affecting the economy generally and individual companies or industries, the securities of which are included in the Allocated Portion or are under consideration for inclusion in the Allocated Portion;
(ii) formulate and implement a continuous investment program for the Allocated Portion;
(iii) take whatever steps are necessary to implement the investment program for the Allocated Portion by arranging for the purchase and sale of securities and other investments, including issuing directives to the administrator of the Trust as necessary for the appropriate implementation of the investment program of the Allocated Portion;
(iv) keep the Trustees of the Trust and the Manager fully informed in writing on an ongoing basis as agreed by the Manager and Adviser of all material facts concerning the investment and reinvestment of the assets in the Allocated Portion, the Adviser and its key investment personnel and operations, make regular and periodic special written reports of such additional information concerning the same as may reasonably be requested from time to time by the Manager or the Trustees of the Trust and the Adviser will attend meetings with the Manager and/or the Trustees, as reasonably requested, to discuss the foregoing;
(v) in accordance with procedures and methods established by the Trustees of the Trust, which may be amended from time to time, provide assistance in determining the fair value of all securities and other investments/assets in the Allocated Portion, as necessary, and use reasonable efforts to arrange for the provision of valuation information or a price(s) from a party(ies) independent of the Adviser for each security or other investment/asset in the Allocated Portion for which market prices are not readily available;
(vi) provide any and all material composite performance information, records and supporting documentation about accounts the Adviser manages, if appropriate, which are relevant to the Allocated Portion and that have investment objectives, policies, and strategies substantially similar to those employed by the Adviser in managing the Allocated Portion that may be reasonably necessary, under applicable laws, to allow the Portfolio or its agent to present information concerning Adviser’s prior performance in the Trust’s Prospectus and SAI (as hereinafter defined) and any permissible reports and materials prepared by the Portfolio or its agent; and
(vii) cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to the Manager, the Trust’s administrator, the Trust’s custodian and foreign custodians, the Trust’s transfer agent and pricing agents and all other agents and representatives of the Trust and the Manager, keep all such persons fully informed as to such matters as they may reasonably deem necessary to the performance of their obligations to the Trust and the Manager, provide prompt responses to reasonable requests made by such persons and maintain any appropriate interfaces with each so as to promote the efficient exchange of information.
C. In furnishing services hereunder, the Adviser shall be subject to, and shall perform in accordance with the following: (i) the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as the same may be hereafter modified and/or amended from time to time (“Trust Declaration”); (ii) the By-Laws of the Trust, as the same may be hereafter modified and/or amended from time to time (“By-Laws”); (iii) the currently effective Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Trust filed with the SEC and delivered to the Adviser, as the same may be hereafter modified, amended and/or supplemented (“Prospectus and SAI”); (iv) the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act and the rules under each, and all other federal and state laws or regulations applicable to the Trust and the Portfolio; (v) the Trust’s Compliance Manual and other policies and procedures adopted from time to time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust; and (vi) the written instructions of the Manager. Prior to the commencement of the Adviser’s services hereunder, the Manager shall provide the Adviser with current copies of the Trust Declaration, By-Laws, Prospectus, SAI, Compliance Manual and other relevant policies and procedures that are adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Manager undertakes to provide the Adviser with copies or other written notice of any amendments, modifications or supplements to any such above-mentioned document.
D. In furnishing services hereunder, the Adviser will not consult with any other adviser to (i) the Portfolio, (ii) any other Portfolio of the Trust or (iii) any other investment company under common control with the Trust concerning transactions of the Portfolio in securities or other assets. (This shall not be deemed to prohibit the Adviser from consulting with any of its affiliated persons concerning transactions in securities or other assets. This shall also not be deemed to prohibit the Adviser from consulting with any of the other covered advisers concerning compliance with paragraphs a and b of rule 12d3-1.)
E. The Adviser, at its expense, will furnish: (i) all necessary facilities and personnel, including salaries, expenses and fees of any personnel required for them to faithfully perform their duties under this Agreement; and (ii) administrative facilities, including bookkeeping, and all equipment necessary for the efficient conduct of the Adviser’s duties under this Agreement.
F. The Adviser will select brokers and dealers to effect all portfolio transactions subject to the conditions set forth herein. The Adviser will place all necessary orders with brokers, dealers, or issuers, and will negotiate brokerage commissions, if applicable. The Adviser is directed at all times to seek to execute transactions for the Allocated Portion (i) in accordance with any written policies, practices or procedures that may be established by the Board of Trustees or the Manager from time to time and which have been provided to the Adviser or (ii) as described in the Trust’s Prospectus and SAI. In placing any orders for the purchase or sale of investments for the Portfolio, in the name of the Allocated Portion or its nominees, the Adviser shall use its best efforts to obtain for the Allocated Portion best execution, considering all of the circumstances, and shall maintain records adequate to demonstrate compliance with this requirement. In no instance will portfolio securities be purchased from or sold to the Adviser, or any affiliated person thereof, except in accordance with the Investment Company Act, the Advisers Act and the rules under each, and all other federal and state laws or regulations applicable to the Trust and the Portfolio.
G. Subject to the appropriate policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, Adviser may, to the extent authorized by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) cause the Allocated Portion to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage or research services to the Manager, the Adviser and the Allocated Portion an amount of commission for effecting a Portfolio transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Adviser determines, in good faith, that such amount of commission is reasonable in relationship to the value of such brokerage or research services provided viewed in terms of that particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the Portfolio or its other advisory clients. To the extent authorized by Section 28(e) and the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Adviser shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise solely by reason of such action. Subject to seeking best execution, the Board of Trustees or the Manager may direct the Adviser to effect transactions in portfolio securities through broker-dealers in a manner that will help generate resources to pay the cost of certain expenses that the Trust is required to pay or for which the Trust is required to arrange payment.
H. On occasions when the Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Allocated Portion as well as other clients of the Adviser, the Adviser to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to attempt to obtain a more favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. Allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Adviser in the manner which the Adviser considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Allocated Portion and to its other clients over time. The Manager agrees that Adviser and its affiliates may give advice and take action in the performance of their duties with respect to any of their other clients that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of actions taken, with respect to the Allocated Portion. The Manager also acknowledges that Adviser and its affiliates are fiduciaries to other entities, some of which have the same or similar investment objectives (and will hold the same or similar investments) as the Allocated Portion, and that Adviser will carry out its duties hereunder together with its duties under such relationships. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to confer upon Adviser any obligation to purchase or to sell or to recommend for purchase or sale for the Allocated Portion any investment that Adviser, its affiliates, officers or employees may purchase or sell for its or their own account or for the account of any client, if in the sole and absolute discretion of Adviser it is for any reason impractical or undesirable to take such action or make such recommendation for the Allocated Portion.
I. The Adviser will maintain all accounts, books and records with respect to the Allocated Portion as are required of an investment adviser of a registered investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act and Advisers Act and the rules thereunder and shall file with the SEC all forms pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, with respect to its duties as are set forth herein.
J. The Adviser will, unless and until otherwise directed by the Manager or the Board of Trustees, vote proxies with respect to the Allocated Portion’s securities and exercise rights in corporate actions or otherwise in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting guidelines, as amended from time to time, which shall be provided to the Trust and the Manager.
SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY MANAGER TO THE TRUST (a) Subject always to the control of the Trustees of the Trust and to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager will, at its expense, furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund and will make investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and place all orders for the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities. In the performance of its duties, the Manager will comply with the provisions of the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-laws and the Fund’s stated investment objective, policies and restrictions.
(b) In placing orders for the portfolio transactions of the Fund, the Manager will seek the best price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, the Manager shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result to the Fund (involving price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all where a large block is involved, availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future and financial strength and stability of the broker. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused a Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to the Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Manager’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Trust and to other clients of the Manager as to which the Manager exercises investment discretion.
(c) The Manager shall not be obligated under this agreement to pay any expenses of or for the Trust or of or for the Fund not expressly assumed by the Manager pursuant to this Section 1 other than as provided in Section 3.
SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY THE SUBADVISER TO THE TRUST a. Subject always to the direction and control of the Trustees of the Trust, the Subadviser will manage the investments and determine the composition of the assets of the Portfolios in accordance with the Portfolios' registration statement, as amended. In fulfilling its obligations to manage the investments and reinvestments of the assets of the Portfolios, the Subadviser will:
i. obtain and evaluate pertinent economic, statistical, financial and other information affecting the economy generally and individual companies or industries the securities of which are included in the Portfolios or are under consideration for inclusion in the Portfolios;
ii. formulate and implement a continuous investment program for each Portfolio consistent with the investment objectives and related investment policies for each such Portfolio as described in the Trust's registration statement, as amended;
iii. take whatever steps are necessary to implement these investment programs by the purchase and sale of securities including the placing of orders for such purchases and sales;
iv. regularly report to the Trustees of the Trust with respect to the implementation of these investment programs; and
v. provide assistance to the Trust's Custodian regarding the fair value of securities held by the Portfolios for which market quotations are not readily available.
b. The Subadviser, at its expense, will furnish (i) all necessary investment and management facilities, including salaries of personnel required for it to execute its duties faithfully, and (ii) administrative facilities, including bookkeeping, clerical personnel and equipment necessary for the efficient conduct of the investment affairs of the Portfolios (excluding determination of net asset value and shareholder accounting services).
c. The Subadviser will select brokers and dealers to effect all transactions subject to the following conditions: The Subadviser will place all necessary orders with brokers, dealers, or issuers, and will negotiate brokerage commissions if applicable. The Subadviser is directed at all times to seek to execute brokerage transactions for the Portfolios in accordance with such policies or practices as may be established by the Trustees and described in the Trust's registration statement as amended. The Subadviser may pay a broker-dealer which provides research and brokerage services a higher spread or commission for a particular transaction than otherwise might have been charged by another broker-dealer, if the Subadviser determines that the higher spread or commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services that such broker-dealer provides, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the Subadviser's overall responsibilities with respect to accounts managed by the Subadviser. The Subadviser may use for the benefit of the Subadviser's other clients, or make available to companies affiliated with the Subadviser or to its directors for the benefit of its clients, any such brokerage and research services that the Subadviser obtains from brokers or dealers.
d. On occasions when the Subadviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Portfolio as well as other clients of the Subadviser, the Subadviser to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to attempt to obtain a more favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Subadviser in the manner the Subadviser considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Portfolio and to its other clients.
e. The Subadviser will maintain all accounts, books and records with respect to the Portfolios as are required of an investment adviser of a registered investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Investment Company Act") and Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Investment Advisers Act") and the rules thereunder.
f. The Subadviser shall vote proxies relating to the Portfolio's investment securities in accordance with the Trust's proxy voting policies and procedures, which provide that the Subadviser shall vote all proxies relating to securities held by the Portfolio and, subject to the Trust's policies and procedures, shall use proxy voting policies and procedures adopted by the Subadviser in conformance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act. The Subadviser shall review its proxy voting activities on a periodic basis with the Trustees.
Services to be Performed by Consultant The Parties agree that Consultant shall perform such services as are set forth and described in Exhibit A - Scope of Services and incorporated herein as if written word for word. All services provided by Consultant hereunder shall be performed in accordance with the degree of care and skill ordinarily exercised under similar circumstances by competent members of their profession. In case of conflict in the language of Exhibit A and this Agreement, this Agreement shall govern and control. Deviations from the Scope of Services or other provisions of this Agreement may only be made by written agreement signed by all Parties to this Agreement.
Service to be Rendered Transporter shall perform and Shipper shall receive service in accordance with the provisions of the effective FTS Rate Schedule and applicable General Terms and Conditions of Transporter's FERC Gas Tariff, Fourth Revised Volume No. 1 ("Tariff"), on file with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("Commission"), as the same may be amended or superseded in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission. The maximum obligation of Transporter to deliver gas hereunder to or for Shipper, the designation of the points of delivery at which Transporter shall deliver or cause gas to be delivered to or for Shipper, and the points of receipt at which Shipper shall deliver or cause gas to be delivered, are specified in Appendix A, as the same may be amended from time to time by agreement between Shipper and Transporter, or in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission.
SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED BY CONSULTANT 1.1 In compliance with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, CONSULTANT shall provide to ANAHEIM all labor, materials, tools, equipment, services, and incidental and customary work necessary to fully and adequately supply the professional consulting services necessary for the Services when required by ANAHEIM. The Services are more particularly described in the General Scope of Work attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by this reference (“General Scope of Work”). In addition to the General Scope of Work, the Services will also be described in a Request for Work Order Proposal (“RFWOP”) and in a Notice to Proceed, as described in Section 1.4. ANAHEIM may elect to delete certain tasks of the General Scope of Work or the RFWOP at its sole discretion. The Services will not be performed by the CONSULTANT until ANAHEIM selects CONSULTANT in accordance with this Section 1. If selected, CONSULTANT shall perform the Services as directed by ANAHEIM and in accordance with the RFWOP, the Notice to Proceed, and this Agreement. By entering into this Agreement, ANAHEIM does not guarantee CONSULTANT that ANAHEIM will select CONSULTANT to provide any Services under this Agreement.
1.2 When the Services are required, ANAHEIM will issue an RFWOP in writing or electronically for the project-specific Services, including a specific scope of work, schedule for completion of the Services, task specifications, name of the Project Administrator, and other data specific to that RFWOP. CONSULTANT shall submit, within the time stated in the RFWOP, a sealed Work Order Proposal (“Work Order Proposal”) indicating the cost, task completion schedule, and other information requested in that RFWOP. CONSULTANT shall submit an electronic sealed Work Order Proposal when it is required by the RFWOP, and CONSULTANT shall abide by all RFWOP electronic proposal requirements.
1.3 For any RFWOP with an anticipated fee : (i) under $50,000, ANAHEIM will send, in writing or electronically, the RFWOP to one (1) pre-qualified consultant, which may or may not include CONSULTANT; (ii) of $50,000 to $150,000, ANAHEIM will send, in writing or electronically, the RFWOP to up to three (3) pre-qualified consultants, which may or may not include CONSULTANT; (iii) of $150,000 and up to $250,00, ANAHEIM will send, in writing or electronically, the RFWOP to up to five (5) pre-qualified consultants, which may or may not include CONSULTANT. ANAHEIM does not give any guarantee to CONSULTANT that ANAHEIM will send such an RFWOP to CONSULTANT at any point during the term of this Agreement. If (a) ANAHEIM sends CONSULTANT an RFWOP and (b) CONSULTANT desires to be considered for the RFWOP, CONSULTANT shall submit, within the time stated in the RFWOP, a sealed Work Order Proposal indicating the cost, task completion schedule, and other information requested in that RFWOP. CONSULTANT shall submit an electronic sealed Work Order Proposal when it is required by the RFWOP, and CONSULTANT shall abide by all RFWOP electronic proposal requirements.
1.4 Selection of a prequalified consultant to complete the Services requested in any RFWOP shall be based on the criteria set forth herein. ANAHEIM will issue a Notice to Proceed (“Notice”) to the successful consultant who has submitted a Work Order Proposal. The Notice and the RFWOP shall constitute the “Work Order”. If CONSULTANT fails to promptly commence work and/or diligently pursue a Work Order as set forth therein, ANAHEIM may elect to terminate the Work Order or this Agreement.
1.5 CONSULTANT acknowledges that ANAHEIM may enter into agreements similar to this Agreement with other consultants. It is understood and agreed that a Work Order will be awarded to the prequalified consultant most qualified in ANAHEIM's opinion to provide services set forth in the RFWOP within the scheduled completion date based upon the following criteria:
.01 Ability of the consultant to perform the specific tasks outlined in the RFWOP;
.02 Qualifications of the specific individuals to perform the specific tasks outlined in the RFWOP;
.03 Amount and quality of time key personnel will be involved in their respective portions of the Services outlined in the RFWOP;
.04 Reasonableness of the fee requested to provide the Services outlined in the RFWOP;
.05 Demonstrated record of success by the consultant on work previously performed for ANAHEIM or for other municipalities or enterprises and .06 The specific methods and techniques to be employed by the consultant in providing the Services outlined in the RFWOP.
1.6 In the event of conflicting provisions, the provisions shall govern in the following order: (1) the Notice to Proceed; (2) the RFWOP; (3) CONSULTANT’s Work Order;
Services to be performed by Contractor In consideration of the payments set forth herein and in Exhibit “B,” Contractor shall perform services for County in accordance with the terms, conditions and specifications set forth herein and in Exhibit “A.”
Consultant Consultant agrees to indemnify, defend, and shall hold harmless Client, its directors, employees and agents, and defend any action brought against same with respect to any claim, demand, cause of action, debt or liability, including reasonable attorneys' fees, to the extent that such an action arises out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Consultant.
