Résume:
ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ
" ﻲــﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭــﺼـﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ" ﻩﺭﺩﺎـﺼـﻤﻭ ﻪـﺘﺄـﺸـﻨ
ﺩﻤﺤﻤﺃ ﻊﻴﺒﺭ /ﺩ
(ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭﺒ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
Résume:
les orientalistes prétendent que les soufismes islamique est né de facteur exogènes. leur tentative abusive de la présenter dans cette xxxxx est erronée puisqu’ il tire ses origines coran est de la sunna son cas est similaire a celui des autre science islamique qui sont passées par des cycle différant est chacun reflète sa distinction est sa spécificité sont apparues en sein des écoles chacune un avec sans propre nuances traductionnelle théorique et scientifique du point de vue terminologique.
: ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻩﻭﻤﺩـﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻝﻭﺎﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻭﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ، ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ
.ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻠﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﻜ ﺕﺩﺭﻔﻨﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤ / ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ / ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ / ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ / ﻥﻭﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ :ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻪﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻕﻼﻁﺇ لﺒﻗ ﻼﻤﻋ ﻕﻘﹼﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻩﺩﺠﻴ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻪﻠﻘﺼﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻠﺒﹺﺠ ﺭﻴﺨﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﻀﻭ ﺀﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻪﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ ِلﻭﺴﺭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱـﻜﻌﺘ ﺙـﻴﺤ ﺔﻤﺭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﹼ ﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﺴ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﺵﺎﻋ.ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﻪﺌﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﻪﻤﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘﺒ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﺵﺎﻋ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺒﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﺎﺒﻏ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺽﻔﻨﺘﻓ ،ﺱﻭﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺼ ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺭ
.ﺀﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻤ ،ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺵﺎﻋ ،ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ
ّلﻜ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻋ ﺯﺍﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭﻝ ،ﻪﺘﻭﻋﺩ ﺀﺩﺒ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭﺒ ﺍﻭﻨﻤﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻨﻴﻘﻝﺃ ﻭﻝ
ﻥـﻤ ﻪـﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﺙﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻝﻭ .ﺭﻴﺨﻠﻝ ﺏﺤﻭ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻰﻠﹼﺤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻜﺴﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﺍﻭﺒﺴﺤﻓ ،ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺫﺨﺘﹼﺍﻭ ﻩﻭﻗﺩ ﺼﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺍﻭﻨﻤﺂﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺤﺍﻭﺭﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻔﻨﻝ ﺎﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻪﺒ ﺍﻭﺴﺄﺘﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ّلﻜ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺍﻭﺸﺎﻋ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻫﺯﻭ ﻪﺘﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﻘﻠﹸﺨ ﺍﻭﺃﺭﻭ ،ّلﺠﻭ ﺯﻋ ﷲ ﻪﺘﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺩﺎﺒﻋﻭ ﻪﺘﻅﻘﻴﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻨ
ﺭﻘﺘـﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤ ﻰﺘﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ .ﺎﻫﺭﻤﺃ ﻙﻼﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﻬﺒﻭﻠﻗ ﺭﻤﻏ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ
،ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺜﻴﻹﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻑﻁﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌ ﻤ ﻭ ،ﺡﻼﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺱﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
:ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ لﺎﻗ ،ﻪﻌﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺭﻜﺫﻴﻭ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻼﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻪﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺎﻓ
،ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ]"ﹺﺭﺒﺼﻝﺎﺒﹺ ﺍﻭﺼﺍﻭﺘﹶﻭ ﱢﻕﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﺼﺍﻭﺘﹶَ ﻭ
ﺕﺎﺤﻝِﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻠﹸﻤﻋﻭ ﺍﻭﻨﹸﻤﺁ ﻥﻴﺫ ﻝﱠﺍ ﱠﻻﺇ ،ﹴﺭﺴﹸﺨ ﻲﻔ ﻝﹶ ﻥﺎﺴﹾﻨِﻹﺍ ﻥﺇِ ﹺﺭﺼﻌ ﻝﺍﻭ"
.[3 ،2 ،1 :ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ
ﻡﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻲـﺒﻨ ﺩﺩ ﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺠﺤﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﷲﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ
.ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻪﺘﻻﻻﺩﻭ ﻩﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ
ﺏـﺤﻴﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺤﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﺴ ﷲﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﻑﺎﺼ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺈﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ لﻌﺠﻴـﺴ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﻕﻠﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺤﺒ ﺝﺯﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺎﻓ .ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﻕﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻀﺘﺤﻴ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴﻓ ،ﻪﻘﻠﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻅﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻙﻝﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻭـﻫ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺎﻓ .ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﻕﻠﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺎﺒﺤ ﻰﻤﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﺎﻴﻓ ﻉﺎﻌﺸﺇ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭـﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺒﺘﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻜﺴﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﺇ لﺒ ،ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻜﺯﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻗﻼﺨﺃﻭ ،ﻪﻝﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ ﺓﺎﻀﺭﻤ لـﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻕﻨﺎﻌﺘﻴﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻌﻔﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺘﹼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺤﻴ لﺒ ﻪﻠﻌﻓﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻼﻓ ،ﺓﻭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻜﺸﻤ ﺭﺜﺩﻨﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻡﻫﻭ ﺩﻘﻝ .ﺔﻠﺘﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻝﺯﻨﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻜ ﻅﻔﺤﻴ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩ لﻤﺤﻴ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻻ لﺒ ،ﻪﺘﻭﺫﹺﺠ ﻭﺒﹾﺨﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﻨ ﺄﻔﻁﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻴﺤ ﺍﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻨﹼﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﻏﻭ ﺭـﺜﺃ ﺀﺎـﻔﺘﻗﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻀﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺙﻌﺒﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ
.ﻥﻴﺤﻝﺎﺼﻝﺍ
،ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻗ ،ﺵﻴﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻻﻭ ﺀﺎﻁﺴﺒ ﻻﻭ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺴﺘﻤ ﺍﻭﺴﻴﻝ ،ﺎﻜﻴﺭﻤﺃﻭ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺴﺎﻨﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺩﻗﻭ
.ﺓﺫﻭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺠﺩﺘﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻻﻭ ﺔﺤﺭﻀﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻭ ﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻩﻭﺸﺎﻋﻭ
،لﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﺘﻭ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺽﺌﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺕﻻﻼـﻀﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫﻭ ."ﻲﻋﺩـﺒﹺ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻪﺒ ﺎﻋﺩ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻋﺩ ﻥﻤ" :ﻲﻝﺫ ﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ لﺎﻗ لﻭـﺼﺄﺒ ﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺒﻫﺫﻤ" :ﺩﻴﻨﹶﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﻗ ،ﻡﻫﺭﻭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺃﺭﺒﺘ ﻉﺩﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻌـﹼﺸﻝﺍ لﺎﻗﻭ ،"ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻰﻔﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﺇ ﻕﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻜ ﻕﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ
."ﻙﻠﻫ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻩﺩﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻰﻤﺭ ﻥﻤ ّلﻜ" :"ﺭﻫﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻗﺍﻭﻴﻝﺍ" ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﻷ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻌﻓ
ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﻫﻭ ؟ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻪﻜﻠﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺸﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻴﻝﺩ ﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻁﻌﻴ لﻫﻭ ؟ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ
.؟ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻫﺎﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ
،ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ :ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎـﺒﻌﺒ لﻭـﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﺀﻻﺅﻫﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﻘﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ
:لﻭـﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨﻭ .ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻴﺭـﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ .ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ّلﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﹼﺘﺤﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﺎﻗﻼﺨﺃ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ .ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺩ ﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝ ﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺼﺘ لﺎﺠﻤ
ﺔـﻋﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪـﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻅﻨ ﻼﻓ .ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ
ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺒﻴﺼﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﺌﻁﺨﻴﻭ ،ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻭﺩﻌﺘﺒﻴ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﷲﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ .ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻭﻫﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺊﻁﺨﻴ ﻥﻴﺤﻭ .ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻴﻗ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺴﺤﺘ ﻻ ﻡﻫﺀﺎﻁﺨﺃ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ
.ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻥﻭﻓﺭﺤﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﺤﻭ ،ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻴ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ
ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ .ﺔﻨﹼﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﻪﻠﻌﻓ لﻌﻓ لﻜ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺇ ﻡﻬﻜـﺴﻤﺘ ﺭﺩﻘﺒﻭ ،ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ .ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﺴﻺﻝ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ
.ﻪﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻪﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺭﺩﻘﺒﻭ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ
ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﹼﺇﻭ ،ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ .لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻨ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻨﹼﺃ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺱﻴـﻝﻭ ،ﺊﻁﺨﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﻤ لﻠﹼﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻤ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ،لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺩ ﺤ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻼﻓ ،لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ .ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﺒﺴﻜﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻴﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻪﺒـﺴﺤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺀﻲﺸ ّلﻜﺒ ﻁﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﻤ لﻠﹼﻘﻴ ﻻﻭ .ﺀﺎﹼﻁﺨ ﻡﺩﺁ ﻥﺒﺍ ّلﻜﻓ ﺊﻁﺨﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ
ﻕـﺒﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ،لﺎـﺠﺭﻠﻝ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺫﺘ ﻥﺇ .ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ
ﻑﺭـﻌﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺍﺩﺴﻔﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻘﹼﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺒﺘﹼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻕﺤﺃ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻼﺠﺭ لﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻘﹼﺤ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎـﺒ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ،لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ :ﺢﻀﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒﻭ.لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ.لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺏﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺕـﻠﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻲﺒﻠـﺴ ﺏـﻨﺎﺠ ﺭﻬﻅ ﻱﺃ .ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻫﻭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﺔـﻋﺎﻁ ﺎﻫﺩﻘﺘﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ،ﺩﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺃ ،ﻙﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﺴﺒﻠﺘﻤ ﻙﺨﻴﺸ ﺕﻴﺃﺭ ﺍﺫﺇ :ﻼﺌﺎﻗ ﻥﻠﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﺎﺼ ﻰﺘﹼﺤ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺦﻴـﹼﺸﻝﺍ :لﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒﻭ .ﻙﺘﺍﺫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻙﺴﻔﻨ ﺓﺁﺭﻤ ﻙﺨﻴﺸ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻋﺍﻭ ،ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻬﺘﹼﺎﻓ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻙﺨﻴﺸ ﺕﻴﺃﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ...لﺌﺎﻀﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻠﹼﺤﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ لﺌﺍﺫﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻰﻠﹼﺨﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﻔﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻔﺼﺘﹼﻤ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻩﺯﻨﻤ ﻡـﻜﺤﻴ ﺎـﻤﺒ ﻥﻭـﻠﺒﻘﻴ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺄﺒ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻁﺒﺭ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ .ﷲﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺸﻭ ﻕﻔﺘﹼﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﻏ
.ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻉﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻨﹼﻜﻝﻭ ﻥﻭﻁﻼﻓﺃ ﺏﺤﺃ ﺎﻨﺃ" :ﻭﻁﺴﺭﺃ لﺎﻗ ،ﻕﺤﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩ ﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺇ
ﷲﺍ ﻡﺭﻜ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ لﺠﺭ لﺄﺴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺘ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺦﻴﺸ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻨﻌﺒ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،"ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺃ
،لﺎـﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻕـﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ،ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻴ ﻙﻠﻴﻭ :ﻪﻬﺠﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺭﻜ ﻪﺒﺎﺠﺄﻓ ؟لﻁﺎﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﻠﻁ ﻥﺎﻜﺃ" :ﻪﻬﺠﻭ
.ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺄﺒ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﻴﻘﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻕﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻥﻭﺴﻴﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻋﺃ ﺎﻤ ."ﻪﻠﻫﺃ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋﺍ
ﺔـﻤﺭﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﻬـﺸﻭ ﺔـﻤﺜﻵﺍ ﺎـﻬﺘﺍﻭﺯﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻠﻏﻭ ،ﺱﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﻨﺍ :ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ،ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﹼﻝﺎﻓ
.ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺼﺨﻭ ﻥﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻭﺩﻌﻝ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﹼﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﻭﻫﺃﻭ
ﺓﻭـﻗ لﺯـﻝﺯﻴﻭ ،ﺓﺩـﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺼ ﻡﻴﻘﻴﻭ ،ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺭ ﻊﻓﺭﻴ ،ﻩﻭﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﹼﻐﺘﻴﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺎﻓ
ﻥﺇ.ﻥﺎـﻤﻴﻹﺍﻭ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﻨﻴﻭ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻐﻴ ﻪﺘﻴﺠﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴﻓ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻌﻴﻭ ،ﻡﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻠـﺼﻴ ﻼـﻓ ،ﺔﺒﺭﺘﻷﺎﺒ ﻁﻠﺘﺨﻴﻓ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﹼﻕﺸﻴ ،ﺏﺴﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﺼ ﺎﻴﻘﻨ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺯﻨ ﺀﺎﻤ لﺜﻤ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻻ ﻰﺘﹼﺤ ﻪﺘﻠﺒﺭﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺩ ﺒ ﻻ ،ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ .ﻪﻠﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﻌﺠﺭﺃﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻘﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﻭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺯﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻔﹼﺼ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺏﺭﺸﻠﻝ
.ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻪﻝﻭﺴﺭ ﺔﻨﹼﺴﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻪﻝ ﺩﻬﺸ ﺎﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ
،ﻩﺭﺩﺼ ﺡﺭﺸﻨﻴﻭ ،ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﺭﻴﻨﺘﺴﻴ ،ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﺨ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻘﻓ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﺩﻴﺤﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘﹼﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺏﺫﹼ ـﻬﺘ ﺔـﺒﻭﺘ ﺎـﻬﻨﻠﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻫﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻬﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﹼ ﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺏﺭﺎﺤﻴ ،ﺀﺎﺤﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺤﻭﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﹼﻁﻌﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﹼـﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔـﺼ ﺩﺸﻨﻴ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ .ﻥﺍﻭﻀﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻨﻴ ﻲﻜ ﺔﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻘﻨ ﺓﺭﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻓ ،ﺱﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺫﹼ ﺍﻭﺸ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ
،ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﺢﺘﹼﻔﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﹼﻑﺸﺘﻭ ،ﻪﺤﻭﺭ ﻕﺭﺸﺘ ﻪﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﻯﻭﻘﺘﺒ ﻡﺯﺘﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻩﺯﺌﺍﺭﻏ ﺏﻴﺫﻬﺘﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺀﺎﻀﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺀﺎﻘﻨﻭ ﺹﻠﺨﻴـﻓ ،ﻪﻨﺎﻁﻠـﺴ ﻡﺎـﻤﺃ ﻩﺯـﺠﻌﺒﻭ ﻪﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻔﻌﻀﺒ ﺭﻌﺸ ﺍﺫﺇ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﺭﻗ ﺩ ﺘﺸﻴﻭ ،ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻝﺎﺼﺘﹼﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻴﻭ
.ﻪﻠﹼﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻠﹼﻜ ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍ
،ﻡﻬـﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﺭﺩﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ،ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻥـﻋ ﻥﻭﻠﹼﺨﺘﻴﻭ لﺌﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻠﹼﺤﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻼﻴﺒﺴ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺒﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺌﺍﻭﻫﺃﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﻭﻬﺸ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻐﻤﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻀﺭﻴ ﻻ ﺀﺎﻴﻘﺘﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﺒﺃ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻜﺤﻓ ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺃﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻥﻭﺅﺭﻘﻴ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤﺍﺩﻗﺃ ﺍﻭﻓﹼﺎﺼﻓ لﻴﻠﹼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺃ .لﺌﺍﺫﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﺎـﺒﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺩﻓﻭﻝﹶ ﻡﻬﻨﹼﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻔﺸﻤ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻴﺸﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻔﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺠﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﺒﻭﻠﻗ ،ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺜﻜﺘﺴﻴ ﻻﻭ لﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ
.ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ
،ﺩ ﺠﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﻠﻝ ﺓﻭﻋﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺏﻁﺭ ﷲﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﻪﻨﺎﺴﻝ ،ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺸﻤﻴ ﻡﻴﺤﺭ ﺭﻭﻬﻁ ﻙﻠﻤﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﺃ ﹼﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﻉﺭﻭﻭ ،لـﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻼﺨﺇﻭ ،لﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺩﺼﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻘﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺇﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻪﻝ .ﺔﻘﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻔﻨﻭ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻜﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﻩﺩﻴ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ،ﻪﻀﻴﻏ ﻡﻭﻀﻜﻤ ،ﻪﺘﻭﻬﺸ ﺔﺘﻴﻤ .ﻯﺩﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻭ ،لﻼﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻠﻁﻭ ،ﺓﺩ ﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﺼﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﺸﺨﻭ ،ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ
.ﻪﻌﻁﻗ ﻥﻤ لﺼﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻁﻌﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻠﻅ ﻥﻤ ﻋ ﻭﻔﻌﻴ ،ﻥﻭﻤﺄﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻭﻤﺄﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ
ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻡﻻﺂﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻴ ،ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻔﻁﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤﺍﻭﻜ ﺹﺨﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭـﺜﻷﺍ لﻭﺯﺘﻭ لﺨﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺸﻼﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻪﻴﺩﺍﻭﻋ ﻲﻔﺘﺨﺘﻭ ﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻉﺯﺍﻭﻨ لﺀﺎﻀﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻋﺍﻭﺩ ﻯﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻪـﺒﻠﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺠﻔﺘﺘ ،ﺏﻭﻜﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺩ ﻑﻜﻔﻜﺘ ،ﻪﻴﺴﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺢﺴﻤﺘ ﻪﻴﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺩﻴ ﺩ ﺘﻤﺘﻓ ،ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺌﻴﻠﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻜﹼ ﻤﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ.ﺕﺎﺸﹼﻁﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﻱﻭﺭﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻨﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﺤﺘ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻁﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺒﺎﻨﻴ ﺏﻭـﺜﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻩﻭـﺴﻜﻴ ﺫـﺌﺩﻨﻋ ،ﻻﻼﻗﺇ ﺵﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺸﺨﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻁﻌﺒ ﻪﻴﺩﻴ ﻁﺴﺒ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
.ﻰﻀﺭﻝﺍ
ﻊﺒﺎـﺘﻴ ﻡ ـﺜ ،ﻕﻭﺩـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻤﻴ ،ﺀﻻﻭﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺇﻭ ﺏﺤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺒﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺘﺎﺨﺒ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ
ﻲـﻓ ﺡﺭﺸﻨﺘﻭ ﺢﺘﻔﻨﺘ ﺓﺩﺌﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﺼﻌﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺏﻭﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻝﺎﻐﻤ ﻥﺇ.ﻕﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﹼﻁﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﺠﻨﻤﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻲﻗﹼﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻘﹼﻠﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡـﻝ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺏﻁﺎﺨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ .ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻕﻼﺨﺃ ﺕﺴﻤﻝ ﺎﻤﻠﹼﻜ ﺭﺴﻴﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴ
.ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﻠﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜﻭ ،ﺩﻘﹼﻌﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺝﺎﺠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻻ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺩﻌﺒ ﷲﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﻠﺘ ﺏﻭﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺴﻜﻌﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻕﻼﺨﺄﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﹼﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤ ﺃ
.ﷲﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﺒ
،ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻩﺭﺜﺃ ﻪﻝ ،ﻕﻴﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ .ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺃ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ
،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺤﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺨﺍﺯ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﻡﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﺘﻓ ﺔـﻴﻭﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ،ﺭﺠﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻬﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺏﺍﺭﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﺘ ،ﺩﻭﺤﺠﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ ﺩﻭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇﻭ
،ﺔﺌﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﻴﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﺤﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻨﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ .ﺍﺩﻏ ﺕﻭﻤﺘ ﻙﻨﹼﺄﻜ ﺔﻴﻭﺭﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﻙﻨﹼﺄﻜ
.[32 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ]."ﻕﺯﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﱠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻩ ﺩ ﺎﺒﻌ ﻝِ ﺝﺭﹾﺨﺃَ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﹶﺔﻨﹶﻴﹺﺯ ﻡ ﺭﺤ ْلﻗﹸ " :ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ لﺎﻗ
ﻩﺩﻌﺒﺒ ﻻ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﺭﻘﺒ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﺼ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻠﻓﺍﻭﻨﺒ ﺎﺒﺭﻗ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻀﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻪﺒﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻴ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
،ﻡﺎﻫﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﻑﺴﺎﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺸﺘﻨﻴﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺒ ﻲﻘﺘﺭﻴ .ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻻ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺎﺒﻗﻹﺎﺒ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﻥﺇ.ﺱﺄﻴ ﻪﻴﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﻻﻭ ،لﻠﻤ ﻪﻜﺭﺩﻴ ﻻ ،ﺭﺒﺩﻴ ﻻﻭ لﺒﻘﻴ ،ﻥﺎﻓﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﺭﺸﻨﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻝ ﻩﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻤﺤﻴﻭ
،ﺀﺎﻓﺭـﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺭﺎﻌﺸﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻀﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤ ﺼ ﻲﻫ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﺇ .ﻕﻼﺨﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺩﹼﻁﻭﺘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺩﻜﹼ ﺄﺘﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ
."ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻤ ﻡﻤ ﺘﻷ ﺕﺜﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ" :ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ لﺎﻗ
ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻠﻴ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺇ .لﻜﺍﻭﺘ ﻻﻭ ﻻﻭﻤﺨ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏـﻴﻁﺃ لـﻌﺠﻭ ،ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﻨﻴﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﻌﻴ ﻥﻤﻤ ﺎﻨﺄﺸ ّلﻗﺃ لﹼﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺎﺘ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻝ .ﻪﻴﻓ ﺍﻭﻁﺭﻔﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺍﻭﺯﺘﻌﻴ ﻰﻠﻔـﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺨ ﺔﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ لﻌﺠﻭ ،ﻪﻴﺩﻴﺒ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺩـﻨﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻷﺍ ﻉﺯﺍﻭﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﻥﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﹼﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻀﻗ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺓﺫﺨﻵﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺩﺎـﻌﺘﺒﺍ ﻪـﻨﺇ ،ﻕـﺤﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍﻭ لﻁﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻨﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ .ﻰﻘﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﻰﻤﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻌﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭـﻓ ﻪـﻨﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﺫﺨﺃﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺎﻤﻬﻨﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻙﺭﺘ ﻪﻨﺇ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨﻠﻝ لﻌﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻜﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﺒﺤ ﻙﻝﺫ ّلﻜ .ﻥﻴﻌﻤﺠﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻝﻭﻭ ﻪﻠﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺏﺤﺃ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﻗﻭﺸﻭ ﷲ ﻪﺒﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻪﺒ ،ﷲﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎـﻬﻨﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻭﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﻨﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴ ﻪﻝ ﻕﻘﹼﺤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ،ﻪﺒﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻌﻤﻁﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻓ
،ﷲﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺍﺩـﻴﻌﺒ ﻩﺩﻌـﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻜ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻪﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻻ ﻪﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﻨﺘ ﺀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴ.ﻡﻬﺘﺩﺎﻌﺴ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻪـﻨﹼﺃ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ :ﺔﺴﺩ ﻘﻤ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﻙﺩﻘﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻙﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﺎﻤ :ﻱﻭﻔﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴﻓ
.ﺔﻴﺩﺒﺃ ﺓﺩ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻁﻴﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﹼﺇ ،ﻪﺒﺭ ﻥﻋ ﻪﺘﺒﺠﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻭﻬﺸ ﺭﺤﻨ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﻪﺒﻭﺒﺤﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻑﻭﻁﻴ
.ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﻘﺘﺸﺍ :ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ـ 1
ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﻕﻴﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻫﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﺸ "ﻑﻭﺼﺘ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ :ﻪﻗﺎﻘﺘﺸﺍ ـ2 ـ 1
ﻰـﻨﻌﻤ ﻲـﻓ لﻤ ﺄﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ.ﻥﻴﻋﺭﻭﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻭ ،xxxxx ﻭﺘﻤﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻓﻭ ،ﺩﺎﻫﺯﻭ ،ﺩﺎﺒﻋ :لﺜﻤ ﻡﻬﻝﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﹼﺩﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﺫـﺨﺃ ﺎـﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﺴﻤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ لﻭﺃ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻴ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺄـﻜﻓ .ﻉﺭﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﺭﻏ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺤ ﻰﻐﻁﻴ ﺩﺎﻜﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﺨﺯ ﺔﻁﻝﺎﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ لﺒ ،ﻉﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻰﻀﺭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻀﺭﻴ ﻻ ،ﻩﺭﻘﻓﻭ ﻩﺩﻫﺯﻭ ﻪﻋﺭﻭﺒ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﻤ ﻩﺩﻬﺠ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻑﺭﺼﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺄﻓ.ﻕﻠﹸﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ ﺀﺎﻔﺼ ﻡـﻤﻫ ﺕـﻬﺠﻭﺘ ،ﻲـﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺭـﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﺱﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺎﻤ ﻝﻭ .ﺓﺩﺎﺒﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺼ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻹﺍ ﺱﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ .ﻥﻴﻤﻠﹼﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺄﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﹼﻜﺘﻓ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﺼﻭ ﻊﻨﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﹼﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻼﻔﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﻋﺎﺸﻭ ،ﺔﻔﺸﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻝﻭ.ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻑﺭﻋﻭ ﺍﻭﻗﺍﺫ ﺎﻤ ﻕﺍﺫ ﻥﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺹﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﻭ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺠﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ّلﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻝﻭ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﺤﺒ ﻕﻴﻝﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ "ﻑﻭﺼﺘ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺍﻭﺭﺎﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ّلﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﺴﺍ ﺔﻔﺌﺎﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺍﻭﻌﻀﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﹾﺫﺇِ" :ّلﺠﻭ ﺯﻋ لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺒﻠﹼﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺒﺴﻨﻓ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺹﺍﻭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺌﺎﻁ ﷲﺍ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﻗﻭ.ﺀﺎﻴﺒﻨﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻝ ﺱﺒـﻠﻴ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻡﻼـﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﻥﺍ ﻱﻭﺭﻭ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺴﻨﻓ ،ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﺒﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻭﻗ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜﻭ "ﻥﻭﻴﹺﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ َلﺎﻗﹶ ﺩـﺤﺃ ﺍﺫـﻫﻭ."ﻑﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻬـﺴﺎﺒﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺭﺩﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﺒﺴ ﺕﻜﺭﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ" :ﻪﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻀﺭ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﺭﻭﻤﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﻤﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻗﺎﻘﺘﺸﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺃ ،"ﻑﻭﺼﺘ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻘﺘﺸﻻﺍ
.ﺭﺠﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺒﻨﺘ ﺭﻁﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺔﻠﻘﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻡ ﻀﻝﺎﺒ :ﺔﻨﺎﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ -ﺃ
.ﻩﺭﹼﺨﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ :ﺎﻔﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ -ﺏ
.ﺔﺒﻌﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﻭ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ :ﺔﻓﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ -ﺝ
.لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ "ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼ" ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﻯﺭﻴ -ﺩ
ﻲـﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺘﺒﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﷲﺎﺒ
ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻑﺘﻜﻤ
ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ :لﻭﻘﻨﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻜ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﻕﻠﹼﻌﺘﺘ ﻼﻓ .ﻪﺒﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﻪﺠﺘﹼﺍﻭ ﺎﻔﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺨ ﺕﺒﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺎﻜ ﻩﺭﻬﻅ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﺠﺌﺍﻭﺤ ﺀﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻤﺩﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺒﻘﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ لﺒ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻝﺎﺨﺒ ﺕﻘﻠﻌﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻩﺫـﻫ ّلـﻜﻓ.ﺀﻲـﺸ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﻌﺒﻴ ﻻ ﻪﺒﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤﻁﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﺍﺭﻭﻜﹸﺸ ﻻﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺘﺒﻨﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﺘﻝﺍ :ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ.ﻩﺎﻀﺭﺒ ﺓﻭﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺎﻏ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺎـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ،ﺭﻬﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘ ،ﺀﻲﺸ ّلﻜ ﻲﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻜﹼ ﻭﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ﻑﺎـﺼﻭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ،ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎـﺠﻴﺇ ﺭﺫﹼ ﻌﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ؟ﻲﻓﻭﺼ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ لﻫﻭ ؟ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﻨﺎﻤ ﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻯﺃﺭ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ .ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺼﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ لﺎﺤ ﻥﻭﺩ لﺎﺤﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﹼﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻑﺎﺼﻭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﺭﺎـﻴﻏﻷﺍ ﺭﺩـﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﺹﻠﺨ ﻱﺃ "ﷲ ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ" :ﺙﺭﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺒ ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻗ ،ﺀﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺫﻭﺨﺄﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻭﻗ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻕﻼﺨﺄﺒ ﺎﻔﺼﺘﹼﻤ ،ﺎﻤﻝﺎﺴﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﺩﻭ ﺭﻴﺼﻴﻓ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﻭﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﹼﻐﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻨﺎﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﻫﺎﺠﻭ ﺎﻤ ﻯﻭﺴ لﻤﻋ ّلﻜﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺴﻤ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻯﻭﺴ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ّلﻜ ﺫﺇ ،ﻪﻘﺌﺎﻘﺤﻭ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﺤﺃﻭ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﻗﺃﻭ ﻪﻝﺎﻌﻓﺃﻭ ﻪﺒﺍﺩﺁﻭ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ
.ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻥﺫﺃ
"ﺱﻭﻓﻭـﺴ" ﺔـﻤﻠﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻘﹼﺘـﺸﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴ لﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ "ﻑﻭﺼﺘ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ "ﺭﻤﺎﻫ ﻥﻭﻓ ﻑﻴﺯﻭﺠ" ﻯﺃﺭﻭ
ﻲﻓ Nolbeke "ﻪﻜﺒﻝﻭﻨ" ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺼﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭﻭ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺭﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ" :ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻜﻴﻨ ﺩ ﺭ ﺩﻗﻭ ."Sophos" ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ "ﺱﻭﻓﻭﺴ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺇ" :لﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺥﺭﻭﺒﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﺍﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 1894 ﺔﻨﺴ ﺎـﺘﻤﻠﻜﻓ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺭﻵﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺃ .ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ لﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺭﻵﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ "ﺱ" ﻑﺭﺤﺒ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﹼﺨﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﹼﻤﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ"0"ﻑﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ "ﺱﻭﻓﻭﺴﻭﻠﻴﻓﻭ ،ﺱﻴﻁﺴﻓﻭﺴ" ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﻥﺎﻜﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴ لﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﹼﺘﺸﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭﻠﻓ ."ﺹ" ﻑﺭﺤﺒ ﻻ ،ﺕﺒﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻘﹼﺘـﺸﻤ ﺔـﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﺢﺠﺭﻴ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ لﻴﻝﺩ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺯ ،ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ّلﻗﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺠﻭﺭﺨ
.ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﹼﻜﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺅﻴ ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،"ﺱﻭﻓﻭﺴ" ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ
ﻡﻼـﺴﻺﻝ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺌﺎﻁ ﺩﺭﺴﻴﻓ "ﻪﻜﺩﻝﻭﻨ" ﻲﻀﻤﻴ ﻡ ﺜ
.ﻑﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻼـﻓ ﺱﺒـﻝ :ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻬﻨﹼﺃﻭ ،ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﻙﻠﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﺒﻭ ،ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﺒﻠﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ
.ﺎﻴﻓﻭـﺼ ﺢﺒـﺼﺃ :ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﺒ .ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻼﻓ ﺱﺒﻝ :ﺍﻭﻝﺎﻗ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ لﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻠﻓ .ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻏﺭﻭ ﺩﻫﺯﺘ :ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ )"ﻑﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻝ ﺱﺒﻠﻴ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ "ﺵﻭﺒ ﺎﻨﻴﻤﺸﺒ" ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻗ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺭﻘﻴ "ﻥﺎﺒﺭﻭﻜ ﻱﺭﻨﺎﻫ" ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ "ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺃﺭ ﺩﻗ "ﻥﻭﺴﻝﻭﻜﻴﻨ" ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ.(67 ﺹ ،ﻪﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ﺭـﺜﻜﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،"Sophos" ﺔـﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺨﻭﺴﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻜﺫﻴﻭ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻭﻠﻝ ﻻﻭﺒﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﺍ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ "Sophos"
ﻡﺜ."ﺱ" ﻭ "ﺹ" ﻲﻓﺭﺤ ﺭﻴﺎﻐﺘ ﻡﻏﺭﺒ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺜﻴ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻨﹼﺌﻤﻁﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺩـﻘﻓ ﺔﻤ ﺜ ﻥﻤ .ﺓﺩﺭﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﻲﻤﺎﺴ ﻕﺎﻘﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺤﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ "ﻥﺎﺒﺭﻭﻜ ﻱﺭﻨﻫ" ﺹﻠﺨﻴ
ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺢﻤﻠﻴ ﻕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﺔﻘﹼﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﻲﻓﻭﺼ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺃﺭ لـﺒﻗ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺎﻓ ﻥﺫﺇ.(282 ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ)ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘﻭ ﻕﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺱﺒﻝ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻪـﻨﺇ لﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻭﻗ ﺎﻤﺃﻭ" :"ﻊﻤﻠﹼﻝﺍ" ﺏﺤﺎﺼ لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺌﺎﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻝ ﻱﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺍﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻴﺸ ﺩـﻗ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﷲﺍ ﻪﻤﺤﺭ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻷ ،لﺎﺤﻤﻓ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﺙﺩﺤﻤ ﻡﺴﺍ
،ﺎﺌﻴـﺸ ﻪﺘﻴﻁﻋﺄﻓ ﻑﺍﻭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻓﻭﺼ ﺕﻴﺃﺭ :لﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻙﺭﺩﺃ ﻕـﻴﻗﺩ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺸﺎﻫ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻻﻭﻝ :لﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﻔﺴ ﻥﻋ ﻱﻭﺭﻭ ."ﻲﻌﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻨﻴﻔﻜﻴ ﻕﻴﻨﺍﻭﺩ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﻲﻌﻤ :لﺎﻗﻭ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ
.(ﻊﻤﻠﹼﻝﺍ)ﺀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ -2-1 ﺽﺭﻷﺎـﻜ ﻭﻫ" :ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﺎﻗﻭ ."ﺢﻴﻠﻤ ّلﻜ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺨﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺢﻴﺒﻗ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ ﺽﺭﻷﺎﻜ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ" :ﺩﻴﻨﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﻗ ﻑﻭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ" :لﻭـﻘﻴﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭ.ﺀﻲﺸ ّلﻜ ﻲﻘﺴﻴ ﺭﻁﻘﻝﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺀﻲﺸ ّلﻜ ّلﻅﻴ ﺏﺎﺤﺴﻝﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺭﺠﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺅﻁﻴ
:ﻲـﺨﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ لﻭﻘﻴﻭ.ﻪﺘﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻪﺒﺭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻩﺩ ﺤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺩﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻝﺎﻁﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﻭ .ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻅﻔﺤ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜ ﻕﻼﺨﺃ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﺏﺎﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﻕﺌﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺱﺄﻴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺫﺨﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻨﹼﺴ ﻕﻠﺨ ّلﻜ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩ ﻝﺍ :ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻪﻓﺭﻋﻭ.ﻡﺍﺭﻜ ﻡﻭﻗ ﻊﻤ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜ لﺠﺭ ﻥﻤ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﻡﺯـﻝ ﻥـﻤﻓ .ﺏﺩﺃ ﻡﺎﻘﻤ ّلﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺏﺩﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ّلﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺏﺩﺃ ﺕﻗﻭ ّلﻜﻝ .ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﻪﻠﹼﻜ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﺹﻔﺤ ﻭﺒﺃ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﻲﻨﺩ ﻕﻠﺨ ّلﻜ
.لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺠﺭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤﻭ ،ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻅﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻊﻴﻀ ﻥﻤﻭ ،لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻎﻠﺒﻤ ﻎﻠﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
ﻪـﺒﻠﻗ ﻊـﺸﺨ ﻭﻝ" :لﺎﻗ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻥﻁﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺭﻫﺎﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻥﺴﺤ :ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﺎﻗﻭ
ﷲﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﺜﺁ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ :ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﺎﻗﻭ .ﺏﻠﺴ ﻪﺠﻋﺯﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺏﻠﻁ ﻪﺒﻌﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ :ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ لﺎﻗ."ﻪﺤﺭﺍﻭﺠ ﺕﻌﺸﺨﻝ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺭﺜﺁ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﺜﻴﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﺜﺂﻓ ﺀﻲﺸ ّلﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﻡﻴﻭﺭ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﻥﺴﺤﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺴﺤ ﻥﺎﻘﻠﺨ ﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺴﺤ ﻥﻻﺎﺤ ﻪﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ :ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﷲﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﺒﻫﻭﻤ ﻩﺭـﺨﺁﻭ ،لﻤﻋ ﻪﻁﺴﻭﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻠﻋ ﻪﻝﻭﺃ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ لﺎﻗ.ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺭﺘﺴﺍ
.ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ
ﻡﻭـﻗ ﻯﺃﺭﻭ.ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻻﻭﻐﺸﻤ ﺕﻗﻭ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﻲﻜﹼ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺭﻤﻋ لﺎﻗﻭ
،ﺭﺩﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ :ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺒ لﻬﺴ لﺎﻗﻭ.ﻉﺎﺒﺘﹼﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﻋﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺠﻭﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻔـﺼﺘ :لﺎـﻘﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ لﺌﺴﻭ.ﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻫﺫﹼ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻁﻘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻸﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﺔـﻝﺯﺎﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎـﺴﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩ ﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻨﺎﺠﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﺩﺎﻤﺨﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﺃﻭ.ﺔﻌﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﹼﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﺒ ﻕﻠﹼﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺤ
لﺍﺯـﻴ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻔـﺼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻡـﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ :ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ
ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻪـﻨﻴﻌﻴ ،ﻪﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﻓﻻﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻤ ،ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﻏﺍﻭﺸ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﺘﺒ ﺭﺍﺩﻜﻷﺍ ﺏﻭﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻔﹼﺼﻴ ﻭـﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻘﻝﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻓﻭ ﺓﺫﻓﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻴﺼﺒﺒ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺩﺃ ﺔﻠﺘﺎﻗ ﺓﺫﹼ ﻝ ﺏﻠﻁﺘ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻜﺭﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺭﺍﺩﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﹼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﻓﻻﺍ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﻠﻘﺒ ﻡﺌﺎﻗﻭ ﻪﺒﻠﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﺭﺒ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ
:ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ -2
:ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ -1-2
ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﻬﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻩﻭﺠﺭﺨﻴﻭ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻪﻴﺯ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﻭﻋﺯﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺎﺤ
،ﻡﻬﻨـﻤ ﻼﻴـﻠﻗ ﻻﺇ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺏﻠﻏﺃﻭ .ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻑﻭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻲﻋﺩ ـﻴ ﻡﻬـﻀﻌﺒ ﺩـﺠﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻏ ﻼﻓ ﺔﻤ ﺜ ﻥﻤ ،ﻲﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺭﺠﺘﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺭﻐﻤ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒﻭ ،ﻙﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺭﻐﻤ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒﻓ لﻐـﺸﻴ ﻡـﻠﻓ" .ﻲﻨﻴﺩ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺀﺎـﺴﻨﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺭـﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺠﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﺭﺴﻭ ﺡﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﹼﺇ ،ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﺒ ﻪﻨﻫﺫ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺭﺼﻨﻴ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺇ ﻭﻬﻓ ."ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡ ﺘﻬﻴﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡـﻝ ،ﺔـﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺕﻼﻤ ﺄﺘ ﻭﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻁﺨ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺎﻫﻭﻔﺼ ﺭﻜﹼ ﻌﻴ ﻻ ،ﺡﺭﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ.ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻗﺎﻁﻭ ﻪﺘﻭﻗ ﺩﻔﻨﺘﺴﻴ
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝ ﺍﻭﺩ ﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ،"..ﻡﻫﺭﻀﺎﺤﺒ ﺍﻭﻌﺘﹼﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻓﺩﻫ ّلﻜ ﻥﺎﻜ" ،ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻠﻝ لﻴﻤ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﻡﻠﹼﻌﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻴﺤﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﺍ ﺭﺎـﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﻨﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍﺭﻬﻅ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋﻭ .ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺘﻤ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺸﻨ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ.ﻡﺎﻌﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﺍﻭﻨﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻤﺭﺤﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﺴﺒﻝ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،ﺎﺌﻴﺸﻓ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺹﻠﻘﺘﻴ ﻑﹼﺸﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻡﺜ ،ﺍﺩﺠﻬﺘ ﻪﻀﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻠﻜ لﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ،ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺭﻭﺜﺄـﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ .ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺒﻘﺘ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺃﺩﺒﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃﻭ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺝﺭـﺨﺃ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺯ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺭﺤﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﻩﺩﻴ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺘﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﹼ ﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﺼﻨﺒ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻪﻨﺍ ،ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻤ ﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺩﺎﻫﺯﻝﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﺃ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻓ ﺩﻗ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ.ﻕﺯﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﺒﻌﻝ
.ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ،ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻭﺼﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻠﺼﺒ
ﺩـﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺎـﻴﺤ ﻊﻤ ﻰﻓﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺽﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺓﻼـﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻀﻗ ﺍﺫﹶ ﺈِﻓ" :ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﺎﻨﺃﺭﻗ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ .ﺓﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺎﻓ .ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ
،ﺎﻴﻨﺩـﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎـﻘﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺎﻨﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﻡﻼﺴﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺘ "ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺭﺸﺘﻨﺎﻓ لـﺒ ،ﻲـﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﺘ ﻡﻝ "ﺩﻫﺯ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻭ.ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻐﺒﺼ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﻻﺇ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻨﹼﺈﻓ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﻌﻤ ﻡﻫﺍﺭﺩ ﺱﺨﺒ ﻥﻤﺜﺒ ﻩﻭﺭﺸﻭ" :ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺏﻴﻨﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﻩﺫـﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺌﺎـﻜﹼ ﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺒﺌﺎﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺤﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﻜﺍﺫﹼ ﻝﺍ :لﺜﻤ ﺩﺎﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ ."ﻥﻴﺩﻫﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
.ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻫﻭﻠﻤ ﺤ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ،ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ
:ﻥﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻝﺍ - ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨ ﺏـﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭﻝ ﻪﻝﻭﺒﻗ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ -ﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻴـﻋﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻔﺼ لﺎﻤﺭ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ،ﺔﺌﺩﺎﻫ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻲﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻼﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻻﺎﺼﺘﹼﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ .ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻙﺭﺩﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻜﹼ ﻔﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ.ﺀﺎﻤ ﺓﺭـﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕـﻠﺨﺩ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ" .ﻪﺒﺭﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻔﹼﻨﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﷲﺎﺒ ﻪـﻨﻷ ﺱﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ...ﺎﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺘ ﻡﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻫﺭ ﺕﻴﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﹼﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎـﻨﻴﺩ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﻔﺘﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻤ ﺜ ﻥﻤ."ﻡﺠﺭﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ (ﺱﺍﺩ ﻘﻝﺍ) ﺎﻬﺘﻼﺼ ﺭﺌﺎﻌﺸ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ
:ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﻨﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ّلﻌﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺎﻔﻝﹼﺯﺘ ﺎﻫﻭﻘﻨﺘﻋﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ،ﺎﻫﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻏﺭ
.ﺎﻬﺒﻫﺍﺫﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﹼﻝﺍ ـ 1
لﻌﺠﻴ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻷ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺌﺎﻨﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﺭ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻀﺭ ﻡﺩﻋ ـ 2
.ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻐﺒﺼ ﺎﻫﺩﻘﻔﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻗﺎﻘﺸﻨﺍ ـ 3
."ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻭﺒﻏﺭﻴ" ﺱﺎﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻜ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺎـﻤﻤ ﷲﺍ لـﺤﺃ ﺎـﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻤﺭﺤﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺫﻌﺘ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﺩﺼﻗ ﻥﺇ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ ،ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺘﺸﻴ ﻻ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺃ -ﺏ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠـﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ" .ﻩﺎﻀﺭﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻩﺭﻘﻴ ﻻ ،ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻡﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﺭﺤﻴ ﻻ .ﺕﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺸﻴﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺠﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
ﹺﺽﺭَﻷﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎـّﻤ ﻤ ﺍﻭﹸﻠﻜﹸ " ﷲﺍ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﻬﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻤﻐﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻤﺭﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،لﻼﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻭـﺴ،7]"ﻕﺯﹺّﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻴّﹶّﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻩ ﺩ ﺎﺒﻌ ﻝِ ﺝﺭﹾﺨﺃَ ﻲﺘﻝﹶّﺍ ﻪﻠﹶّﻝﺍ ﹶﺔﻨﹶﻴﹺﺯ ﻡ ّﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ْلﻗﹸ " [168 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ،2]"ﺎﺒﻴّﹶﻁ ﹰﻻﻼﺤ
.[32 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ،ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ
ﻥﺎـﻤﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻ ﺕﺍﻭﻬﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ .ﻁﻴﺭﻔﺘ ﻻﻭ ﻁﺍﺭﻓﺇ ﻻ ،ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻔﺒ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﻴﺩ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ لـﻜ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ لﺒﻗ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻡﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻨﺘﺠﺍﻭ لﻼﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﺘﹼﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺘﻋﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﻤ ،ﻲﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻴﺩ ،ﺀﻲﺸ
:ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻓ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ -3 ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬـﻀﻌﺒ ﺭـﺒﺘﻋﺍ لـﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺤﻴـﺴﻤ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻭﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺔـﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻋﺍﺯ ﺔﻴﺭﻵﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﹼﺸﻠﻝ ﺏﺼﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺍﻭﻨﺒﻭ .ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻓ لﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨ لﻜ ﺍﻭﺭﻜﻨﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﻤ .ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻻﻭ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻼﻫﺍ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ
.ﻡﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺯﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻵﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻼﺴﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻨﹼﺇ ،ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺎﻁﻠـﺴ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻭﻬﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻵﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻭﻗﻭ ﻱﻭﻐﻝﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺼﻨﻋ لﻌﻓ ﺩ ﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺎﻓ
.ﻥﻴﻴﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻁﺒﺭﻴﻭ."Renan"
"ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺭ" ﻭ "F. Delizsch" "ﺵﺘﻝﺩ ﺵﺭﺩﻴﺭﻓ" ﻭ
"ﻭﻨﻴﺒﻭﺠ" ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ لﺎﻗ ﻥﻤﻤﻭ
ﻱﺭـﻨﻫ" ﻙـﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺭﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺸﺩﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ لﻭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭـﺸﻤ ﺔـﻴﻨﹼﺩ ﻝ ﺔﻤﻜﺤ ﻲﻫﻭ "ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻝﺍ" ـﺒ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻨﻝﻭ :لﻭﻘﻴ "ﻥﺎﺒﺭﻭﻜ ﻲـﻫ ﺏﻫﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﹼ ﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻝ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺈﻜ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﺒ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺎﺘﻴﺴ ﺹ ،ﻥﺎـﺒﺭﻭﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ .3 ﺹ ،ﻱﻭﺩﺒ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ )"ﺕﺸﺩﺍﺭﺯﻭ -ﻥﻭﻁﻼﻓﺃﻭ -ﺱﻤﺭﻫ" ﻡﻫﺩﻭـﻬﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻼﺨﺇﻭ ﻕﺩﺼ لﻜ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻜﻨﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻔﻋ.ﺩ ﻱﺃﺭ ﺩ ﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻠﺴ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ.(304 ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎـﻴﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺭﺎـﺒﺠ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺍﺯﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﻴﺴ ﻥﺒﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴﻭ ﻱﺭﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻜﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺍﺫ ﻥﻤﻓ .ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺍﺭﺎـﺼﺘﻨﺍ ﻡﻬﻴـﻓ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻡﻝﻭ ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻓ لﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ .ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓﻭ ﺔﻐﻝﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
.ﻩﺩﺌﺎﻘﻋ ﺭﺸﻨﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﺍﻭﻝﺫﺒ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝ
:ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ -4 ﺔـﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ﻪﻨﹼﺍ ﻯﺃﺭﻓ .ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻑﻭﺼﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩ ﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ "ﻥﺴﻝﻭﻜﻴﻨ" لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺡﺭﺼ ﻥﻤﻤﻭ ﺕﺎـﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲـﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻪﺌﺍﺭﺁ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ..ﻲﺘﺴﻨﻴﻠﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﺫﻤﻠﺘﺘ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻭ" ﻩﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﺸ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻋ
ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﺒﺼ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻐﺒﺼ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻡﺯﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ "ﺱﻭﻴﺴﻴﻨﻭﻴﺩ"
.18 ﺹ ،ﻑﻴﻔﻋ .ﺩ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﺴﻝﻭﻜﻴﻨ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ )"لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻐﺒﺼ
ﺓﺄـﺸﻨﺒ ﺕﻁﺎﺤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻨﻨﺇ :ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﻭﻘﻴﻭ.(45 ﺹ ،ﻱﻭﺩﺒ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭـﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎـﺤﺘﹼﻻ ﺍﺩـﻴﻝﻭ ﻩﺭﺒﺘﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺯﻝﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻓ ﻭﺍ ﻱﺩﻨﻫ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻠﺼﺃ ﺩ ﺭﻨ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ لﺎﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ
.ﻲﺼﻭﻨﻐﻝﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺩ ﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﹼﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻕﺩﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺩ ﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺭـﺜﻷﺍ ﺎـﻤ ﺃ ...ﺔـﻴﺩﻨﻫ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻓ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺄﺒ ﺍﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻌﻨ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺱﻴﻗ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﺍﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤ ﻰﺘﺍ ﻪﻨﻜﹼ ﻝﻭ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻙﺸ ﻻ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ
."ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩ ﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻠﻝ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻥﻤ
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺓﺩ ـﺤ ﻥـﻤ ﻑـﻔﹼﺨﻓ" ﻪﺘﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻋ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﺭﻫﺎﹼﻅﻝﺎﻓ 1906 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺭﻗ ﺩﻗ "ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻜﻴﻨ" ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻨﹼﺇ ﺍﻭﺭﺜﺄـﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻬﻨﺍ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻨ ﻻ" :ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ،"ﺔﺤﺍﺭﺼ ﺎﻫﺭﻜﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻜﻭﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺄﺒ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﺇ ﻥﻴﻭـﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻻ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺫﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺩ ـﺒ ﻥـﻜﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺵﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻐﻠﻐﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻫﺍﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻴﺩـﻴﺃ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﻝﺩﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﻭ.ﻡﻬﺒﻫﺍﺫﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺎﻁ ﻙﺭﺘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ - ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺎﺒﻭ .لﻴﺼﻔﺘﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﹼ ﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ :لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻨﻋﺃ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃ ﺕﺜﺩﺤﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺭﻬﻅ -ﻩﺭﻭﺼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻋ ﻱﺃ
."ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻨﻐﻝﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻤﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ
ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺕﺠﻝﻭﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ" :لﻭﻘﻴﻓ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﺄﻁﺨ ﻪﻝ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻡﺜ
ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﺌﺍﻭﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺏﻫﺫ ﺩﻘﻓ .ﺍﺩ ﺠ ﺏﻴﺭﻗ ﺩﻬﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺌﻁﺎﺨ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻁﺍﺭﺒﻤﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﻔﻝﹼﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻭﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺕﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔـﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﻨﺍﺩﻴﻔﻝﺎﻜ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺠﺭﺈﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺎﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺭﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺩ ﺭ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ،ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻘﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻜﺄﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻻ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﺭﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﹼﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺽﻭﺭﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺜﺒﻋ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺩﺒ ،ﺎﻨﻨﹼﺃ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻲﻨﻨﺃﻭ ﺎﻀﺭﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻓ ﻲﻤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﺩ ﺩ ﻀ ﻱﺭﻵﺍ لﻘﻌﻠﻝ لﻌﻓ
،ﻲﻓﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ -ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ– ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺒ ﺭﺩﺠﻴ ،ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ّلﻜﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ -ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻗ – ﺯﻴﻤﻨ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻨﻭ ﻪﺒ ﻕﺌﻼﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﹼﻼﻜ ﻊﻀﻨ ﻥﺍﻭ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻉﺭﻋﺭﺘﻭ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺃ ﻲﻨﺒ ﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺘﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﺎﻁﹼﺘﻝﺎﻜﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻐﻁ
."ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﹼﺴﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ
ﻥﻴـﻌﻤ ﺏﻫﺫﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ،ﺓﺩﻘﹼﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ "ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻜﻴﻨ" ﺭﺭﻘﻴ ،ﻲﻨﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺒ
لـﻴﻗ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻀﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺭﺭﻘﻴ ﻪﻨﹼﺈﻓ "ﻥﻭﻴﻨﺴﺎﻤ" ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺃ ."ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﻨ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﺒﻨﺠﺃ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﻭﺃ" ﻥـﻤ ﺭﺩـﺼ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﻠﺨﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﺒ ﻩﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻝ :لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﻪﻴﻓ لﻤ ﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻼﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﺍﺩﻤ ﺕﺎـﻴﺁ ﻰـﻠﺘﺘ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﹼ ﻝﺍ ﺱﻝﺎﺠﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ،ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﻭﺼﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻼﺘﹼﻝﺍ :ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ...ﺹﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ."ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ لﻤﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺩـﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﺭـﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺸﻫﺩﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ .ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ" :ﻪﺼﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻑﻭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻡﻬﻌﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺍ ﺍﻭﻨﹼﻅ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﺼﻔﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺩﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻁﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ (ﺱﻜﺭﺎﻤ) ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺒﻫﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺄﺸﻨ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺏﻫﺫﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭـﻫ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺽﺍﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﻥﺃ "ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻜﻴﻨ" ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ .(ﺯﻨﻭﺠ) ﻲﻜﻭﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﻨﺍﺩﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻥﻴﻭـﻜﺘ ﻥﺍ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻪﻨﹼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻁﺴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝﻭﺒﻗ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺽﺍﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﺕﺎـﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄـﺘ ﺕـﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺙﻴﺩـﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺭـﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻼﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ،لﺨﺍﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡ ﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﻪـﺠﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
.ﺹﺎﺨ
ﺍﺫـﻜﻫﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﺒ ﻕﺎﺼﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺯﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺩﻴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻪﻨﹼﺈﻓ
ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻭ (ﻪﻴﺭﺩﻨﺃ ﺭﻭﺘ ،ﻙﻨﺴﻨﻓ ،ﺱﻭﻴﺜﻼﺒ ﻥﻴﺘﺴﺃ) ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺒﻫﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺩ ﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃ ﺭﻭﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﻡـﻝ (Blochet ﻪﻴـﺸﻭﻠﺒ ﺎﻬـﻀﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ) ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻠﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻅﺎـﻨﺘﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻔﻴﻀﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺞﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﻥﺈﻓ (ﻥﺘﺭﻭﻫ ﻱﺃﺭ) ﺔﻴﺘﺭﻜﺴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﺹﺤﻔﺘ لـﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ،لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺎﻘﻋ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺍﺭﺘﻭﺴ ﺎﺠﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺩﺎﺸﻨﺒﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺌﺎﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻩﻭﻜﻴﺸﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ لﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﻭـﻔﻨ ﻥـﻋ – ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻜﺫﹼ ﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻥﺍ لﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﹼﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ
،ﻱﻭﺩـﺒ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻔﻋ.ﺩ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﻭﺴﻠﻜﻴﻨ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ )"ﺔﻴﻜﻭﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﺭﻁ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔـﻨ ﺱ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭـﺌﺍﺩ ،ﻥﻭﻴﻨـﺴﺎﻤ ﺱﻴﻭـﻝ ،ﻲﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭـﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻲـﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻊـﺠﺭﻴ ﻙﻝﺫـﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻨﹼﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺍﺩﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ :ﻥﺃ "ﻥﻭﻴﻨﺴﺎﻤ" ﻩﺭﺭﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻭ.(ﻡ1929 ﺎـﻫﺯﺭﺒﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻴﻀﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺢﻗﻼﺘﻭ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﺒ ﻡ ﺜ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫـﻜﻭ ،لـﻴﻝﺩ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺼﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻫﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ
.ﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺌﻻﺩ ﺔﻤ ﺜ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ،"ﻲﻨﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ" ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻫ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ -5 ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃﻭ ،ﻱﺩﻨﻫ لﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻡﻋﺯ لﺒ ،ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺭﻴﺜﺄـﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ لﺎﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،"ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ" ﻡﺜ "ﺭﻤﻴﺭﻜ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ" ﻡﺜ "ﻙﻝﻭﺘ" ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﺒﺘ ﻡﺜ "ﺯﻨﻭﺠ ﻡﺎﻴﻝﻭ" ﻕﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺡﺭﺼ
،ﺫﻓﺎﻨ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻫﺎﺠﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ،ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ" :ﻪﺼﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ
،ﻥﻴـﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻗﺭﺸ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﻭﺴﺤﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺕﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﹼﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻗﺃﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺩـﻝﺍ ﺭـﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﺨﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒـﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﻪﻘﻓﺃ ﺕﹼﻁﺨﺘﻓ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﹼﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻠﻘﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﺠﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ،ﻱﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ.ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
."...ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﹼﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﻓﺩﺎﺼ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻫﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺎﻤ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ....":ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﻠﺨﻴ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﺘ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﹼﺘ ﻻ ﺎـﻬﺘﻋﺯﻨ ﺏﺒـﺴﺒ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﺍﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺕﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ....ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻠﻝ
.(134 ﺹ ،ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ )" ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺼ ﻥﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﺍﺫﻭﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،لﻘﹼﻨﺘﻴ ﺎﺸﻴﻭﺭﺩ ﺢﺒﺼﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻋ ﻰﻠﹼﺨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺃ ﻥﺒ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇﻭ ﺍﺫﻭﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻡ ﺜ
ﺎﻘﻤﻋﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻜﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﺩﻗ ،ﻪﻴﺃﺭ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﻭﺼﺘﻤ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ .ﻪﺘﺭﻴﺴ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻪﻝﻭ ،ﺭﻫﺯﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺴﻭ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻀﺤ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ ﺩﻠﻨﺭﺃ.ﺍﺫﺎﻔﻨﻭ ﻊـﻀﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻪﻴﻋﻭ ﻥﻤ لﻴﺯﻴ ﻥﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻋﺯﻨ ﻥﻋ ﻰﻠﹼﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﹼﻅﺃ ﺎﻤ" ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ
."ﺩﻭﻬﻴﻠﻝ ﺍﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺩﻤ ﺤﻤ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
ﻥﻭﺩـﻴﺭﻴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻌـﻀﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺠﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨ ﻥﻭﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻴﻠﺨ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻫﺫﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺦﺴﺭ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ،ﻩﺭﻫﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ﺎﻴﻬﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﻜ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻫﺍﻭـﻫ ﻪﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺠﻴ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﻤﺅﻴ ﻻ" ﻡﻬﻨﹼﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﻨ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ .ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ لﺎﻴﺨ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺍﺩـﻤ ﺤﻤ ﻥﺃ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁ ﻪﻌﺒﺎﺘﻭ "ﻡﻭﻴﺠ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺃ" ﻱﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻗ."ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺢﻴﺭﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺠﻴ ﻥﻭﺎـﻫﻭ ﻰـﺴﻴﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺍ ﻊﻤ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ ﺕﺨﺃ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﻡ ﺃ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﻥﺍ ﻥﻅﻓ ،ﺱﺩ ﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﺌﺩﺘﺒﻤ ﺎﺴﺭﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ] "ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻙﻤﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺀﻭﺴ ﺃﺭﻤﺍ ﻙﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ ﺕﺨﺃ ﺎﻴ" ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ .ﻼﻴﻭﻁ ﺎﻨﻤﺯ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ لﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻤﻭ ﻕﻔﺘﹼﻴ ﻻ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻓ ﻕﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ.[28 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻤ
.ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ ﺕﺨﺃ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻰﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺍﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ ،ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺍﺩـﻤ ﺤﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻱﻭﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﻴ ﺎﺠﺫﺎﺴ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺒﻠﺠﻴﻝ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺵﻫﺩﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﺏﻝﺎﻗ ﺏﻭﻌـﺸ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﺤﺇ ﺏﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻪﻴﺒﺤﺎـﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻰﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺍﺩﻤ ﺤﻤ ﻥﺇ" :"ﻲﺘﹼﺤ ﺏﻴﻠﻓ" لﻭﻘﻴ .ﻪﺘﻭﻋﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻡ ﻀﻨﺍ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻡﺩﺎـﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘـﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﺔﻴﻅﺤ "ﻲﺘﹼﺤ" ﺎﻫﺎﻤ ﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤ ﻪﺠﻭﺯﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺴﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻬﺼ
.ﺭﺍﺯـﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺨﺄﻓ ،ﻁﺴﺎﻗ ﻥﺒ ﺭﻤﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﻴﻬﺼ ﻥﺇ ،ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ّلﻜﺒ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠـﺼ ﺩﻤ ﺤﻤ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ لﻔﻁ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺴﻋ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻓ" ،ﺔﻜﹼ ﻤﺒ ﺄﺸﻨﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺒﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﹾﺘﺒﺴ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠـﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺼﺘﹼﺍ ،ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺠﺭﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﺘﹼﻴﻭ ،ﷲﺍ ﻥﻴﺩ ﺏﻠﻁﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﺼﺄﻓ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺴ ﺎﻤ ﺃ."ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺒﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﻥﻠﻋﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
،ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻻ ﺎﺠﺫﺎﺴ ﺎﻘﻴﻗﺭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻕﺩﻨﺨ ﺭﻔﺤﺒ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻘﻝﺍ
.ﻡﻠﹼﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﻰﺘﹼﺤ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ
ﻡﻬﻤﻭﻤﺴ ﺍﻭﺜﻔﻨﻭ ﻻﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺭﻜﺫﻴ ﻻ ﻡﻬﻓ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻺﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺃﺩ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲـﻫ ﻡﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭـﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﻫ ﻯﺭﻨﻝ ،"ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ" ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﻪﻴﻓ
،ﺎـﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺌﺎﻁﺨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻀﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﻨﻭ ،ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺢﺠﺭﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﹼﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻻ .ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺄﺒ ﺓﺭﺜﹼﺄﺘﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅﻭ ﺔﻬﺒﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺸﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﺩﺒ ّلﻜ" ﺫﺇ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻜﻴ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻪﻤﻋﺯ :ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ
ﻲـﻓ ﻲﻫﺃ :ﺔﻋﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻡﻝ ،"ﺔﻌﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩ ﺅﺘﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺩﺩ ﻬﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﹼﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﻰﺴﻸﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺩﻤ
؟ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺃ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻀﻗ ﺎﻤﻅﻨ ﺎﻫﻭﺤﺘﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻠﺤﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ :ﺭﻭﻁﺴﺒ ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ
ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻻﺃ."ﺔﻴﻗﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺱﺌﺎﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗﻭ ،ﺫﻭﻤﻠﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ :ﻲﻫ ﻰﺘﹼﺸ ﻡﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ
.ﺩﻭﻤﺠ لﻫﺃ ﻡﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻓ ﻡﻅﻨ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺫﺇ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ ﺡﺭﺼ ﺎﻤ ﺽﻘﻨ ﺩﻗ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ
ﻡﻠﹼﻜﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﻭ ،ﺍﺫﻭﺒﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﺃ ﻥﺒ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻴ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﻓ .ﻩﺎﺠﺘﹼﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺼﻴ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻤﻼﻜﻭ
.ﺎﻨﺎﻓﺭﻨﱢﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ
:ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ
،ﺔـﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لـﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﹼﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻗﺭﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻡﻫﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ "ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ" ﻡﻫﻭﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ لﻭﻘﻨ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ
ﻥـﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻜ ،ﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﻭﻤﺩ ﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻝﻭﺎﺤﻭ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﻌﻓﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺒﻘﹼﻨﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻬﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻜﺭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺏﺎـﹼﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥـﺒ ﺭﻤﻋ ﻪﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﻪﻤﺴﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ لـﻫﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﻥﺍﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻥﻴﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﹼﻝﺎﺒ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺎﻨﺒﺭﻀ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ.ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻠﺜﻤ ﺩﺠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺫﹼ ﻌﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﹼﺃﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﹼﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻫﺃﻭ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ
.ﺏﻴـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﺒﺍﻭ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﺭ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ .ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺄﺸﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺏﻨﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﺒﻨﺠ ﻥﺍﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﺀﻻﺅﻫﻭ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ
ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻡ ﺜ.ﻲﺒﻌﹼﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺤﺭﺸ ﺙﺩ ﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﻭﺠﺒﻭ ،ﻲﻌﹶﺨﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ.ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﺜﹼﻤﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﺜﹼﻤﻴ لﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﺒﻨﺠ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﺔﻬﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻨﻴﻘﻝﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ.ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﺜﹼﻤﻴ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﺤ ﻭﺒﺃ
.ﻲﺒﺍﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺯﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺏﻨﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻥﺄـﺸ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ.ﺎﻤﻫﻭﺄﺸ ﺎﻐﻠﺒﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺎﻨﻴﺴ ﻥﺒﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺍﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﹼﺨﺄﺘﻤ لﻴﻔﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﺍﻭ ﻪﺠﺎﻤ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ
ﺙـﻴﺤ ﻥـﻤ ،ﺹﺎﺨ ﻥﻭﻠﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ لﻜ ﺕﺩﺭﻔﻨﺍ ،ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺯﻴﻤﻭ ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺭﻭﺩ ّلﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺄﺒ ﺭﻤ ،ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
،ﻥﺎﺴﺍﺭﺨ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻓﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻓ.ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘ
.ﻡﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻲﺘﺴﺭﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻬﻠﹼﻜ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻡـﻫﺩﺃ ﻥﺒ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻗ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ
ﺩـﻴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﹼﻝﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻤﺎﻁﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻲﺨﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
.ﺝﹼﻼﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ
.ﻩﺭﻫﺎـﻅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻤﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺯﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﻩﺭﺭﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ
.ﻪﻤﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘﻭ ،ﻪﺤﻭﺭﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺩ ﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻠﺘﺠﺍ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ
.3 ﺹ ،ﻱﻭﺩﺒ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ .1 304 ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﺒﺭﻭﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ .2
.18 ﺹ ،ﻑﻴﻔﻋ .ﺩ xﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﺴﻝﻭﻜﻴﻨ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ .3
.45 ﺹ ،ﻱﻭﺩﺒ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ .4 ﻡ1929 ، ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ،ﻥﻭﻴﻨﺴﺎﻤ ﺱﻴﻭﻝ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒ .5
134 ﺹ ،ﺭﻬﻴﺴﺘ ﺩﻝﻭﺠ ،ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ .6
(ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ) ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺭــﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝ
(ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ)
ﺭﺒﺎﺠ ﺔﻜﻴﻠﻤ .ﺩ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ (ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
:ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻊـﻗﺍﻭﻝ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ (LMD) ﺩ ﻡ ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ
،لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭـﺴ ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊـﻤ ﻡﺀﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻭﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﻝ ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍﻭ لﺍﺅـﺴ لﻭـﺤ ﺔـﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ
:ﻩﺍﺩﺅﻤ ﻱﺭﻭﺤﻤ
Abstract:
؟ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ
.ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ -لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ – ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ - ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ – ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ :ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
This research aims at studying the situation of the investment of various society institutions in the field of postgraduate students who have already got their diploma of the “LMD” system from Ouargla University. So, it deals with renewing the successful methods of linking university graduates with the different social and economic institutions, which offer employment opportunities, according to the requirements of job market. In other words, our objective behind this study is to spotlight the exchange between the university and economic institutions at the level of affecting/to be affected process. Hence, the main problematic of our investigation is as follows: to what extent can postgraduate students be ready to employment opportunities after their graduation?
Keywords: representations- university students-postgraduate students- employment opportunities – initiative.
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ :ﻻﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻌﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﺘ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﻭﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﺭـﺒ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻤﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔـﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻬﻓ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻤ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﻴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﺍ
ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩـﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﺨﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻏﺍﺩﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ
. LMD ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘﺇﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭـﻜﺘﺒ لﺼﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻉﺍﺭﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻝﻭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﻥﻤ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻜ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻘﺘﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﺼﺒ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬـﺸﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻻﺁ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘ ،ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺍﺭﺸ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺇ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﺙﻴﺤ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤ لﻐﺸﻝ ،ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏـﺼﺎﻨﻤ لﻐـﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻉﺭﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺤ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ (ﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺎﻴﻤﻜ) ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻠﻝ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ
.لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺌﺎﻓ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲـﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺞﺘـﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔـﺼﺒ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ ﺕﻻﻭـﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ
،ﻕﻭـﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭـﺤﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺕـﻝﻭﺤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺼﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻁﻴﻠﺨ لﻜﺸﺘ لﺯﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻼﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺩ ﻡ ل ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﻌﺒﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺎـﺒ لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻕﺭﻏﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﺕﻠﺨﺘﻭ (LMD) ﻲـﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻡﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻭﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﻡﻬﻁﻴـﺤﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻡﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍﻭ X.Xxxxxxx xﺯﻭﺭﻜ لﺎﺸﻴﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻭﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺸﻤﺎﻫ ﻙﺭﺘﺘ ،ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻼﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺹﺭـﻔﻝ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﺕﺎـﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜـﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻁﺒﺭﻝ ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ
:ﻩﺍﺩﺅﻤ ﻱﺭﻭﺤﻤ لﺍﺅﺴ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ
؟ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻑﺭﺸﺘﺴﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝﻭ
؟لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺍﻭﻴ لﻫ -1
؟ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ لﻫ -2 ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻰﻠﺤﺘﻴ لﻫ -3
؟ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ:ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ
ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﺍ -
.ﺎﻬﺘﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﺔﻤﺀﺍﻭﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ -
.ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻯﻭﺩﺠﻭ ﺎﹰﻴﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﺒﺘﺘ
،ﺎﹰﻤﻜﻭ ﺎﹰﻋﻭﻨ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ - ﻡﺴﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺤﻝ
.ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
.ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﻵ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻱﺃﺭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ -
.ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻗﺇ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ -
:ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ :ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻝ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ :ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ -1
ﺕﺎـﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺌﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻴ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻠﻝ
،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻫﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ
،2002،ﺙـﻴﻏ ﻑﻁﺎـﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ) .ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻫ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ
.(90-89 ﺹ ﺹ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻼﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺯﻤﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻭﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻜﺸ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻘﻝ ﻑﺭـﻁ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭـﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ
.ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﺒﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻊﻤ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ،1898 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻡﻴﺎﻜﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻤﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻴﻭ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx, 0095, ) ،ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺯﻴﻓﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻪﻝ ﺭﻭﻬﺸﻤ لﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻜ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻴ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻴﺎﻜﺭﻭﺩ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ( pp 242-249 ﺀﺎـﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﺎـﻬﻨﻋ ﺔـﺠﺘﺎﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻑﺭﻁ
(Duponthieux Xxxxxxxx,0001, p 08) .ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻜ لﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻴ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻴﺎﻜﺭﻭﺩ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻲـﻜﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺯﻋ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ
.ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ
ﺝﺭﺩـﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﻴ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻭ ﺞﺘﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ (ﺩ ﻡ ل) ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻅ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ (ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ) ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺼﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﻠﻘﻋ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ
.ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺭﺘـﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁ ﻥـﻤ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﺸﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ :ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ-2 ﻥﻭـﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻁ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﺤﺒﺼﻴﺴ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ (226ﺹ،1995،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻭﻴﻝﺩ لﻴﻀﻭﻓ) ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﺩﻋ
ﺩﺭﻭـﻤ ﻡـﻫﺃﻭ (26 ﺹ ،1991،ﻥﺎـﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ) ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﺭﻗ
لـﻘﻨ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡـﻬﻝ ﺩﻨﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺎـﺒ ﻥﻭﺩﻭﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺸﺒ
.ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻠﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻏﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ :لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ -3
،ﺔﻴﻤـﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺩـﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪـﻝ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺭﺨ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻨﺼﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ
.ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻐﺸ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ :لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ -4
.ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻐﺼﻤ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺢﺘﻓ لﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴﻤ
ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ -ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ
:ﺔﻌـﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ -1
:ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺔـﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ :ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ -ﺃ ﻕﺭـﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ
،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻲﻫ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ
.ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺍﺩﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺩﻤﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺒﺎﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺒ ﻻ لﺒ
،ﻡﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﻼﻁ ﺏﺭﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ" :ﻭﻫ ﻱﻭﻴﺩ ﻥﻭﺠ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺱﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺩـﻤﺤﻤ)"ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠـﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺘﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴﻝ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﻼﻁ ﻊﻤ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ
.( 197ﺹ ،ﻡ1989 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﺒﻼـﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎــﻤﺠﻝﺍ -ﺏ ﺏـﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ لﻫﺅﻴ ،لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻭ ﻥﺯﺘﻤ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ
.ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻀﻴﺃ ﺩـﻴﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻏﺭﻴ ،ﻪﺘﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁﻭ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﻓ ﻑـﻴﺭﺨ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺘـﺴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺏﻴﺒﺤ) ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ
.(86-85ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻡ1999
ﻊـﻴﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﻥـﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺯﺎﻜﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻭﻫﻭ :ﺎﻬﻴﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ -ﺝ
.(65ﺹ ،ﻡ1996 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﻱﺎﻁﻭﻁ ﺔﺨﻴﻝﺯ) ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻜ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻠﻜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅـﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﺃ -2
ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ
.ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻘﻠﺘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ
(1997 ،لﺎﺨﻠﺨﻭﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ) :ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ -
.ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ -
.ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘﺒ ﻊﻠﻁﻀﺘ -
.ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻠﺘ ﻰﻝﻭﺘﺘ -
.ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ لﻤﻋ ﻱﺄﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ -
:ﺎـﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎـﺒ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
:ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ
:ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ -ﺃ
ﺎـﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﻪﺒ ﻥﺎﻬﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻤﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ
.ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﻴ ﻪـﻴﻝﺇ ﻲـﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻭﺩ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻪﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻋ ﺓﺍﺭﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻌﻓ .ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺍﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
.ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻙﻠﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻭـﻜﺘﻝ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ لﺒ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ لﻘﻨ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ
.ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ
:ﻲﻤـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ -ﺏ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﺤﺼ ﺀﺎﺼﻘﺘﺴﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻡﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ" :ﻪﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﺴﺤ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻡـﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝ ﺢﺠﺎﻨ لﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﺜﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭـﻀﻭﻤ ﺞﻫﺎـﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﻘﺘﻝ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﻡﻅﻨﻤ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ
،ﻥﻴﺩـﻝﺍ ﻲـﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﺎـﺴﺤ )"ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤ
.(106ﺹ ،ﻡ1999ﻑﻴﺭﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﻴﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ لﻤﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺠﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻡـﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎـﻜﻷﺍ ﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻨﻹ ﻍﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻥﻤﻭ .لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﺭﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ
.ﻪﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺼﺭﻭ ﻪﺤﻴﺤﺼﺘﻭ ﻩﺩﻘﻨﻝ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻗﺎﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﺎـﺸﻨﺒ ﻡﺎـﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻥـﻋ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ
.ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻁﺒﻀﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻭﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻡﺩـﻋ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻀﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
.(130x ،0985 ،لﻏﺯﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭ) ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ
:ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ -ﺝ ﺔـﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺍﻭ ﻩﻭﻤﻨ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﺒ ﺔﻤﺯﺘﻠﻤ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺘﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ لﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺩﻜﺅﻤ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻤﻜ .ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺎﻴﻠﻜ ﺕﺭﻴﻏ
.(128ﺹ ،ﻡ1993ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ ،ﻑﻼﺴﻭﺭﺎﻴ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺒ) ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﺩـﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﻲـﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺘﻭ .ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻴﺭﻜﻔﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻤﻠﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭـﻀ ﻱﺃ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺎﺤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﺃ ﻕـﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﺎﺤﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﺏﻭﺴﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﻐﺸﻨﺇ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻴﺸﺎﻤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ
.(16ﺹ ،ﻡ2002ﺕﻭﺃ ،ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺎﺤ) ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻜ ﺎﻤﺌﺎﻗ لﺍﺯﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺕﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘﻭ
ﻭ ﺎـﻬﻴﻨﺎﺒﻤﺒ ﻻ ﺎﻬﺘﺫﺘﺎـﺴﺄﺒ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ" ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﺹ ،ﻡ2002 ﺔﻨـﺴ ،ﻲـﻋﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺀﺎﻓﻭ )"ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ لﺒﻗ ﻡﻬﺜﻭﺤﺒﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﺒﺨ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺭﻜﻔﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
.(302
ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻭﻜﺩﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ﻡﻴـﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻯﺩـﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺠﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
.(198ﺹ ،ﻡ2000 ﺔﻨﺴ ، ﺭﻭﻜﺩﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ) لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺠﺎﻤﺩﻨﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻴـﻀﺘﻘﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﺒ ﻉﻼﻁﻀﻼﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺌﻴﻬﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ -
.ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺭﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ -
.ﻪﺘﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ
ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻫﺭ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘ -
.ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎـﺜﻭﻝﺍ لﺩﺎـﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺈﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺜﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ -
.ﺕﻴﻨﺭﺘﻨﻹﺎﻜ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ -
:ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ح aإ -ﺩ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﺤ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎـﻬﻤﺎﻬﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺔﻠﻫﺅﻤ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﺎـﻬﺘﺒﺍﻭﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤ ...ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ،ﻪﺠﻭ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ) ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺴﺍﻭﺭﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﺒ ﺔﻌﻨﺘﻘﻤ
.(207ﺹ ،ﻡ1989 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ
،ﺙﻭﺭﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡ1971 ﺡﻼﺼﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ لﻜ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ -
.ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺎﻤﺘﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ -
.ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ لﻗﺄﺒ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻝﻭﺼﻭ ﻊﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ -
.ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻕﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
:ﻲﻫ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ
.ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ -
.ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺃﺯﺠ - ﻭ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭـﺠﻹﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺭﺼﻗﺃ ﻲﻓ ،ﺓﺅﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺞﻴﺭﺨﺘ -
.ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ .ﺏﺭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﺨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻏﺍﺩﻴﺒﻝﺍ
.ﺏﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ -
.(209ﺹ ،ﻡ1989 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ)ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ - ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺸﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻰـﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ
:ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﺼﻴﺨﻠﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻪﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻊﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ▪
.ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﺒﺸﺘﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻝﺍ ▪
.ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ▪
:ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ -3 ﺎﻤﻴـﺴﻻ ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻋ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﻲـﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩـﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻗ ﻪﻨﺇ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ
:ﻲﻠﻴﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﻫﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻲﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ
:ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ -ﺃ ﺭـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍﻭ ،(ﺔﻨﺴ 23 -18) ﻥﻴﺒ
،ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﺅﻓﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺢـﻀﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻶﻝ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻘﺤﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ
.ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝ ،ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
:(ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ) ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ -ﺏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻠﻘﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍِ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ ،لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ .ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ
.ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘﻭ ﻑﺸﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ .ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ لﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﻉﺎـﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻤﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﻨﺠﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ
.ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻅﺘﺴ ﻻﺇﻭ ،(150x ،0000 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ)ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
:ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ -ﺝ
ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ
.ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ
،ﺔـﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻭ
،ﻲﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﻴﻫ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﻪـﻨﺃ ﺩـﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﺜﺤﺎﺒ 450ﻰﻝﺇ 250 ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ 2000ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ
.(189ﺹ ،2000 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺩﻌﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ) ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ 2500ﻰﻝﺇ 2000 ﺎﻬﻠﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ
:لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ -4 ﻑـﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻗﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻼﺘﻤﻻ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺴ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻯﺭﺒﻜ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ،ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺎـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻋﺭﺸ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
،ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺔـﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺭـﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡـﻫﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺨﺩﺇﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺤﻤﻭ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ
ﻑﺭـﻁ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﻝ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤﺘ
.ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ
ﻲـﻓ ﻪـﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﺤﺃ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤﻭ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ
.ﻪﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺡﻭﺭﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻌﺒ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺭﺨﻓ
ﻊﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻕﻭﻓ ﺎﻤﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ (18) ﺭﻤﻌﺒ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻨﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻬﻘﺘﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩـﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺞﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﺀﺎـﺸﻨﺇ ﻭـﺤﻨ ﻪـﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ لﻭﺤ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺴﺠﻴ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﻤﻋﺍﺩ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺢﺘﻔﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ
.ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﺎﺸﻫﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘ ﻁﺭﺸ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ
ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ -ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ - 1
،ﺔـﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎـﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ 02 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ :ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ -ﺃ
ﺔـﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ
.ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ
.2014/2013 ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ :ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ -ﺏ ﻥﻤ (311 ﺹ ،ﺱﺭﺠﻨﺃ ﺱﻴﺭﻭﻤ) ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﺒﺘﺍ :ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ -ﺝ ﺏـﻝﺎﻁ 30 ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻭ (02ﻡﻗﺭ) ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺔﻴﻨﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻠﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﺏـﻝﺎﻁ 30 ﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ لـﺜﻤﺘﻴﻭ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ 30ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ 30ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ (2 ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤ) LMD ﺔﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ 120 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ
ﺹﺭﻔﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺘﻤﺌﻼﻤﻝ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﺒﺘﺍ :ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ -2
.ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ -ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ -3
ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺘﺨﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ :ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ -ﺃ
.ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝ ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻋﺯﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ :ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ -ﺏ ﻡﻗﺭ ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﺃ) .ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺭﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ،ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ
.(1
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ -4
:ﺔﻤﺎـــﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ -ﺃ
.ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ،ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ :(01) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
%ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ | ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ | ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﺼﻴﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ | |
% 31.66 | 38 | ﺭﻭﻜﺫ | ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ |
% 68.34 | 82 | ﺙﺎﻨﺇ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 85.84 | 103 | ﺏﺯﻋﺃ | ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ |
% 14.16 | 17 | ﺝﻭﺯﺘﻤ | |
100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 19.16 | 23 | لﻤﻋ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ | ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ |
% 80.84 | 97 | ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
ﺔـﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻭ 82 لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺒ % 68.34 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺩـﻘﻴﻭ % 85.84 ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﺒ ﻱﺃ ﺏﺍﺯﻋ ﻡﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﺃﻭ 38 لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺒ ،% 31.66 ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺯﻭﺘﻴ ﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 17 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﻴﻭ % 14.16 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﺠﻭﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 103 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﻩﺫـﻫﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺍﺯﻴ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ % 80.84 ﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 23 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﻔﻅﻭﻤ % 19.16 ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
.ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 97 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﻴﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
.ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ لxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ :(02) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
%ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ | ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ | ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ | |
% 37.5 | 45 | ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ | ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ لﺤﻤ |
% 62.5 | 75 | ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 29.16 | 35 | ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ | ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ |
% 35 | 42 | ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻀ | |
% 24.16 | 29 | (لﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ | |
% 11.66 | 14 | (ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
لـﺤﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ لﻤﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
75 ﻡﻫﺩﺩـﻋ ﺭﺩـﻗﻭ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ،ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﻊـﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺭﺴﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ % 37.5 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 45 ﺎﻤﺃ ،% 62.5 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ
ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻀ ،% 29.16
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ
35 ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ % 24.16 ﺕﻠﺜﻤﻭ
29 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ (لﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻻﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ،% 35 ﺕﻠﺜﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 42
.% 11.66 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺍﻭﻠﺜﻤﻭ 14 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ (ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ :(03) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
%ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ | ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ | ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ | |
% 35.84 | 43 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ .ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻ |
% 64.16 | 77 | ﻻ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
%15 | 18 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ |
% 85 | 102 | ﻻ | |
100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝ ﻲﻌﻤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴـﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭـﺒ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﻡﺌﺍﻭﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴ % 64.16 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 77 ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 102 ﻯﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ % 35.84 لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 43 ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺩﺭﻓﺃ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻡﻫﻭ % 85 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺅﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩـﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺘـﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺫﻤ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻠﺼﻭﺘﻴﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﺠﻨﻴ ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 18 ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻡﻫﻭ %15 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻜ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻡﻫﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺭﻴﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩ .ﻡ .ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕـﻠﺨﺩﺃ ﺩ.ﻡ.ل ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻀ... ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ، ﻲﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﺇ
. ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ :(04) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
% ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ | ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ | ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ | |
% 43.33 | 52 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ - |
% 33.34 | 40 | ﻻ | |
% 23.33 | 28 | ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 52.5 | 63 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺢﻔﺼﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ - ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ |
% 17.5 | 21 | ﻻ | |
% 30 | 36 | ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ | |
100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 15 | 18 | ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ - | ﺎﻬﺒ ﻕﻭﺜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ .ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ |
% 28.33 | 34 | ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ - | |
% 56.66 | 68 | ﻑﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ - ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ | |
% 100 | 30 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
،لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭـﺴ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ % 43.33 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 40 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﻤ %33.34 ﻥﺄﺒ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ 63 ﻡﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ % 52.5 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 52 ﺭﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ
36 ﺕﺭﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ % 17.5 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 21 ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻕﻭﺜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ % 17.5 لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﻬـﺴﻝ ﻙـﻝﺫﻭ ﺓﺩﺭـﻔﻤ 68 ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺭﺒﻋﻭ % 56.66 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺩﺼﻤﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺎﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ (ﻡﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺭﺭﺒﻤﺒ) ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 34 ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻋﻭ % 34 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ لﺌﺎـﺴﻭ + لﻴﻐـﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤ :ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻓ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻜﺫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ .%15
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ + ﺔﻴﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻯﺩﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ :(05) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
% ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ | ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ | ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ | |
% 36.67 | 44 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﺓﺭﺎﻴﺯ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻜﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ |
% 63.33 | 76 | ﻻ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 10.84 | 13 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩ ﻲﻘﻠﺘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ |
% 89.16 | 107 | ﻻ | |
100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 37.5 | 45 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻙﻴﺩﻝ لﻫ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ |
% 62.5 | 75 | ﻻ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 20.83 | 25 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﻠﻝ |
% 79.17 | 95 | ﻻ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 69.17 | 83 | ﻡﻌﻨ | ﻥﻫﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺎﺒ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ |
% 30.83 | 37 | ﻻ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
% 30.83 | 37 | ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ | ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ |
% 15.83 | 19 | ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ + ﺭﺤ لﻤﻋ ) ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ (ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻗ + | |
% 11.66 | 14 | ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤ | |
% 25 | 30 | ﺵﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﻻﺍ | |
% 16.66 | 20 | ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ | |
% 100 | 120 | ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ | |
ﻯﺩـﻝ لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭـﻓ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺎـﻴﺯ ﻥـﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ
ﺎـﻤﺃ
% 36.67 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ
ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 44 ﻡﻌﻨﺒ
ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺒﺎﺠﺇ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ
ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭـﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ % 63.33 لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
76 ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ
ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﻼﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
.ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ
% 10.84 لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩ ﻲﻘﻠﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺏﺎﺠﻴﻹﺎﺒ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 13 ﺏﺎﺠﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ
% 89.16 ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺏﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﺒﺎﺠﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ
% 62.5 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﻱﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 75 ﻯﺩﻝ ﻡﻌﻨﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ
107
ﺩﺎـﺠﻴﺇ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎـﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﻏﺭ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ % 37.5 ﻱﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 45 ﻯﺩﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﻼﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ 95 ﻯﺩﻝ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ % 20.83 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 25 ﻯﺩﻝ ﻡﻌﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﻋﺯﻭﺘﻓ لﻐﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻫﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ ،% 79.17 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻱﺃ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ
ﻥـﻤ % 30.83 لـﺜﻤﺘ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 37 ﻼﺒ
ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
% 69.17 لﺜﻤﺘ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤ 83 ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻌﻨﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﺎﺠﺇ
.ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ
:ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﺇ ﺕﻋﺯﻭﺘﻓ ، ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ
.ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ % 30.83
لﺜﻤﻴ
37 ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﺒ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ -
ﺔﺒـﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 19 ﻯﺩﻝ (ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻗ + ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ + ﺭﺤ لﻤﻋ ) ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ -
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻤ % 15.83
% 11.66 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻪﻠﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤ - ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ % 25 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴﻭ ﺵﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 30 ﺭﺎﺘﺨﺍ -
.ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ % 16.66 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻡﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﺎﺘﺨﺎﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻤ 20 ﺎﻤﺃ -
:ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ-5 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ (10 ﻰﻝﺇ 07) ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ :ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﺯﻌﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎـﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻁ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊـﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺏـﺠﻴ ﺔﻴـﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ " ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ Xxxxxxx Xxxx ﻙﻭﺒ ﺕﺭﺒﺭﻫ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺏﻴﻐﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،(24 ﺹ ،2002 ،ﻲﻓﻭﺼ ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ) "ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺤﺒ ﻡﺠﺴﻨﺘ "ﻭﻫ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻨﺈﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻡﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﻭﺠﻓ لﻜﺸﻴﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ
،ﺩﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﻭﺒ ﻥﺴﺤﻝ ) ﺎﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎـﻬﻤﻴﻗ ﺽﺭـﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻥﻴﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻜ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴﻓ ،(21 -10 ﺹ ﺹ ،1998
.ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺘ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻁﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻓ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻪﺤـﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ :ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ
ﺕـﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥـﻋ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ (13 -11 ) ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺒﺎﺠﺇ
ﺔـﻴﻗﻭﺜﻭﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻪﻨﻭﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻁﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ لﺎـﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
.ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻤﺒ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ
/لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﺎﺠﻤﻜ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺩﻴﻭ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﻼﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ
.ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻰﻨﺩﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ
ﺕﺎـﺒﺎﺠﺇ ﻥﺈـﻓ (19 ﻰـﻝﺇ14) ﺔﻠﺌـﺴﻷﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ :ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﺎﻴﺯ ﻡﺩﻋ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻭﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻠﻴﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺒﺘﻌﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻜ ﺏﺼﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ لﻤﻋ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥـﻫﺭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ لﺍﺅﺴ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﺎﺠﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ
،ﺎـﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻴ ﺵﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﺜ (ﺙﺎﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ) ﺓﺭﺴﺃ
.ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻻ ﻡـﻬﻨﺃ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎـﻓ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴﻭ
ﻪﻴﻠﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﻭﺩﻴﻘﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺵﻤﺎﻫ ﻥﻭﺴﺭﺎﻤﻴ
.ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ
:ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ-6 ﻥﺃ ﺕـﺒﺜﺘﻝ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭﻓ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﺏﻜﺍﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥـﻤ ﺯـﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ،ﻪﻘﺒﻁﺘ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ لﻜﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ LMD ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ
،ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺄﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻭ ، ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ
.ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﻴﻭ ﺏﻜﺍﻭﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺹﺭـﻔﻝ ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻤﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ
،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ،ﺕﻴﻨﺭﺘﻨﻼﻝ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ،لﻐـﺸ ﺏـﺼﺎﻨﻤ ﺩﺎـﺠﻴﻹ ﻲﻤﻭـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺓﺭﻴﻐـﺼ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻩﺭﻓﻭـﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺙﺒﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﺇﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
. ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻭ ﻡﻋﺩﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔـﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﻘﻝﺃ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤ ﻥﻻﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻀ ،ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺙﺒ ﻭ
ﺔـﻤﻴﺭﻜ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺄﺒ ﻭﺃ
.ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﻪـﺴﻔﻨﻝ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻕﻘﺤﻴﻝ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ لﻤﻋ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺔـﺼﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪـﺤﻨﻤ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﺯﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ
.ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻀﺭﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻨﺼﻝ ﻪﺘﻴﺭﺤ ﺵﻤﺎﻫ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻ
:ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ
.2002 ،ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺍﺯﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻗ ،ﺙﻴﻏ ﻑﻁﺎﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ -1
2- Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx: Dictionnaire de sociologie, 2eme ed, Xxxxxx xxxxxx, paris, 1995 .
ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻉﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡـﻠﻋ ﺩﻬﻌﻤﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻭﻴﻝﺩ لﻴﻀﻭﻓ -3
.1995 ،ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ
،ﺔـﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،(ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ) ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -4
.1991 ،xxxxxxxxx ﺔﻨـﺴ ،ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ :ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ -5
.1989
ﺔـﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ :ﻲﻨﺎﺘﺴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺏﻴﺒﺤ -6
.1999ﻑﻴﺭﺨ ،xxxxxx ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،37ﺞﻤ ،3ﻉ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ
.1996 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺹﺎﺨ ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺤ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻫﺭ -.ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ :ﻱﺎﻁﻭﻁ ﺔﺨﻴﻝﺯ -7
،ﺭـﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻭﻴ .لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺁﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ :لﺎﺨﻠﺨﻭﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -8
.1997 /08/12-97/08/03 ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،2040 ،2039ﻉ
.1999ﻑﻴﺭﺨ :ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ :ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﺴﺤ -9
.1985 ،12ﻉ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ :لﻏﺯﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭ -10
:ﻕـﺸﻤﺩ ،6ﻉ ،ﺏـﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﻴﻝﺄـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ :ﻑﻼﺴﻭﺭﺎﻴ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺒ -11
.1993ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ
.2002ﺕﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،لﻼﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺇ :ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺎﺤ -12
.2002 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ :ﻲﻋﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺀﺎﻓﻭ -13
.2000 ﺔﻨﺴ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ :ﺭﻭﻜﺩﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ -14 ﺔﻨـﺴ ،ﻥﺎـﻨﺒﻝ ،ﻊـﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ :ﺩﻌﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ -15
.189ﺹ ،ﻡ2000
ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺭﺩـﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ :ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻱﻭﺍﺭﺤﺼ ﺩﻴﺯﻭﺒ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺱﺭﺠﻨﺃ ﺱﻴﺭﻭﻤ -16
.2006 ،0x ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺼﻘﻝﺍ
ﺀﺎـﺴﺅﺭﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﺩـﻤﻭ ﻡﻭـﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﻴﺩﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ :ﺱﻴﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺎﻨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ :ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻘﻨ -17
.ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ 26 ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺼ ،ﻡ2002 ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﺎﻀﺭﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺀﺎﻌﻨﺼ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ
18- xxxx://xxx.00xxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx?xxxxxxxxxx&xxxx0000, 09/06/2008, 09h:45. 19- Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx: La représentation, Ed hachette supérieur, 2001.
(01ﻡﻗﺭ ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ)
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ-ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ
ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎــﻤﺘﺴﺇ
ﺝﺭــﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ
(ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ)
:(ﺓ) ﻡﻴﺭـﻜﻝﺍ (ﺓ) ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎـﺘﺨﺍ ﺩـﻗﻭ ،ﺝﺭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺈﺒ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ
.ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ
ﻙـﺘﻗﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺤﻤﺴﺘﺴﺃﻭ ﻙﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ (ﺓ) ﻡﺭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ (ﺓ) ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ :ﻲﺨﺃ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﺯﺠ ﻙﺭﻜﺸﺃ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺼﺭﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ
:ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤ
.ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﻝ ﻻﺇ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ * ﺽـﻌﺒ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻙﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ (x) ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻊﻀ *
.ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ
2014 - 2013 : ا ~ ا
-
3
ﻰﺜﻨﺃ -
-
2
-
ﺭﻜﺫ 1
: ﺔﻤﺎـــﻋ ﺕﺎـﻨﺎﻴﺒ
: ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ -1
ﻕﻠﻁﻤ -
ﺝﻭﺯﺘﻤ 2
ﺏﺯﻋﺃ 1
: ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ -2
............................................................................. :ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ -3
ﺭﻭ
2
............................................................................... :ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ لﺤﻤ -4
ﺴﺎ
ﺭﻴﺘ ﻤ -3
ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ -
ﻩﺍ ﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ -1
: ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ -5
............................................................................... : ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ -6
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ :لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻫ -7
ﺎ
ﻡﻌ
ﻻ ﻨ ؟ﺔﻴﺩ ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻫ -8 ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﺤﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ لﻫ -9 ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻭﺭﻋ ﻡﺘﻴﻘﻠﺘ لﻫ -10
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ :ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ لﻫ ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺢﻔﺼﺘﺘ لﻫ
.ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻕﻭﺜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻤ
-11
-12
-13
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ - ﺃ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ
ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ
ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ
-ﺏ
-ﺝ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
.............................................................................................................ﺭﻜﺫﺘ
؟
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻯﺩﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ :ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻜﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻡﺘﺭﺯ لﻫ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻋﺩ ﻥﻭﻘﻠﺘﺘ لﻫ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻙﻴﺩﻝ لﻫ
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟لﻐﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﺎﺒﺘ لﻫ
-14
-15
-16
-17
ﻻ ﻡﻌﻨ ؟ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻫﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ لﻫ -18
................................................................................................................ﻼﺜﻤ
؟ ﻥﺎﺒـــﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲـــﻓ ﺎﻬﻌـــﻀﺘ ﺔـــﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭـــﻴﻏ ﻯﺭـــﺨﺃ ﺹﺭـــﻓ ﻙﺎـــﻨﻫ لـــﻫ -19
..............................................................
ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ
ﺔﻴﻤﺴ ﺓﻭﻴﻠﻋ.ﺃ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﺭﻭﻨ ﻲﻝﺎﺒﺠ.ﺃ
(ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺭﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
Résume:
Le but ce cette étude est de révéler la relation entre le lieu de contrôle de sante et l’auto efficacité chez les sujets diabétiques …
répondre aux questionnement de l’étude (spss13) ,et la présentation et la discussion des résultats (auxquels cette étude a abouti) .
1/ nous avons trouve qu’ il existe une corrélation significative entre les dimensions de lieu de control de la sante (phlc ,chlc) et l’auto efficacité chez les malades diabétiques .
2/ / nous avons trouve qu’ i l n’existe pas une corrélation significative entre le lieu de control de la sante et l’auto efficacité par apport l’âge et la chronicité chez les malades diabétiques.
Il reste que nos résultats manifeste des insuffisances.
Abstract :
The main purpose of the following study is to investigate the relationship between health locus of control an self-efficacy. .
The practical part was reserved for rependre the questioning of the study, and includes: the methodology of the study, the delimitation of the characteristic of the sample, which consisted of 86 diabetic individuals and the definition of scales that have been used to answer questions of the study (spss13) and the presentation and discussion of the results (which this study resulted.(
1_We have found that there is a significant correlation between the dimensions of place control of health (PHLc ,chlc) and self-efficacy in diabetic patients.
2_we have found that there is no significant correlation between the place of control of health and self-efficacy by contribution of age and chronicity in diabetic patients
: ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ
ﻻ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒﻭ ، ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺭﻤ 86 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ، ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻱﺩﻌﺒﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻥﻜﻝ،
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ، ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ :ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻯﺩﺃ ,ﺎـﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺏﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﺞﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ,ﻥﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ,ﺓﺭـﺴﻷﺍ ﺝﺭﺎـﺨ ﻭﺃ لـﺨﺍﺩ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻭﺴﻜ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻘﻠﺨﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅـﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ,ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻗﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺯﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺠﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ,ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
.لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ,ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﺴ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻥﻤﺯﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﺒ ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺏﻴﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺎﻓ ﻑﻴﻌﻀ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺸﻭ ﺓﺩﺤ لﻗﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺴ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺎﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﺴ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﻨﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻓ ,ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺏﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺭـﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ,ﺎﻬﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻘﺤﻻ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ,ﺓﺩﺸﻭ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺴ
.ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ .ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍ ,ﻁﺎﺒﺤﻹﺍ ,ﺏﺎﺌﺘﻜﻻﺍ ,ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ :ﻥﻤﺯﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﺒ
.ﺦﻝﺍ...ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ,ﻥﺎﻁﺭﺴﻝﺍ ,ﻡﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ,ﺏﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ,ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺭﺴﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺀﻻﺅـﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ لﺌﻻﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ (ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤ) ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ
,ﺎﻬـﺴﻔﻨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﻬﻤ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ,ﺩﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺎﻓ .ﻡﻬﺘﻼﺌﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ,ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎـﻀﻤ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻥﻴﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻫﺫﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﺘﺍﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﻐـﺼﻝﺍ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺴﻻﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻤ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝ ﻲﻔﻜﻴﻭ .ﺓﺭﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ
.ﻥﺎﻫﺫﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺌﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻜﺫ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ,ﻊﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺽﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻭ ,ﺭﺨﻵ ﺽﻴﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻭ ﺎـﻤﻨﺄﻜ ﺔـﻴﻭﺩﻷﺍ لﻭﺎـﻨﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻫﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻭﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ,ﺽﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺝﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ .ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻯﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻁﻭ لﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﻴ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻓ .ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺸﻤﻭ لﻜﺄﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻥﻭﻠﺤﺘﻨﻴ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺩـﻨﻋ لﻌﻓ ﺩﺭﻜ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﻑﻭﺨ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻭﺃ .ﻪﻀﺭﻤﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﻴﻜﺫﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺸﻴﻌﻤ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﻭ
.ﺎﻬـﺴﻔﻨ ﻥـﻋ ﺔـﻝﺯﻌﻨﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ لﻭﺤﻴﻭ ﺏﺎﺌﺘﻜﺍ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﺒﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻩﺩﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ
(لﻼﻫ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ)) ﺕﺎﻤـﺴ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ,ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻗ ﻡﻜﺤﺘـﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ,ﻕﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴﺒ ﺊﺒﻨﺘﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻪﻨﺎﻤﻴﺇﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﺘﻋﺎﻓ .ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺔـﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺩﺩـﺤﻴ ,ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ,ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ .ﻪﻴﻓ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻪﻨﺎﻤﻴﺇﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ .لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﺒﺘﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ
.ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ,ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﺤﻻ لﻤﻌﻴﺴ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ,ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩـﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥـﻋ ﻲﻤﻭـﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ Self efficacy ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﺘﻭ
ﻲـﻓ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻓ .(43ﺹ ,2005 : ﻁﻭﻁﻋﺯ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ) ﺎﻨﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ,ﻥﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﻝ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ .ﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺎﻨﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻨﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺍﺫﻜ ﺭﺜﺅﺘﻭ .ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇﻭ ,ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻭ .ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻌﻔﻨﻼﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ‘ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ
.ﻪﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻗ
ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ (ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺎﻜ) ﺓﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ
ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔـﻨﻬﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻲﻁﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﺀﺍﺯﻋﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ ,ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻅـﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻯﻭﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻭﺯﻌﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ,(ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ) لﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻪـﻌﺠﺭﻴ ﻻ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻱﺄﻓ ,ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ,ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﺘـﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ,ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﺒ (Xxxxxx) ﺭﺘﻭﺭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ,ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻺﻝ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ,(81ﺹ :ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﺴ ﺯﺘﻌﻤ) ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻫﺎﻘﻠﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻋﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻙﺭﺩﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ,ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﺒ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻬﻅ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤﻭ ﺙﻭـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻠـﺼﻭﺘ ﺙـﻴﺤ ,ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ لﺨﺩ ﻡﺜ .ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ .ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻪـﻴﻁﺨﺘﻭ ,ﻪﺘﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻊﻗﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ,ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻨﺒﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻼﻝ
ﺩـﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ (ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ – ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ) ﺎﻫﻭﺯﻌﻴ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻥـﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ,ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ,ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ : ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ,ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻷ .ﻙﻭﻠـﺴﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﻩﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ,ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻌـﻀﻭﻭ ﺽﺭﺎـﻌﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠـﺴﺒ ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻻ ,ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺎﻜ ﻥﻤﺯﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﺒ ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﻴﻁﺨ ﺔﻔﻋﺎﻀﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ لﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻏ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺴﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻼﻁﺇ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ ﺩﺎـﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ :ﻭﻫ لﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻭﺃ لﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﺡﺭﻁﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺭﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ .ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ
؟ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﻥـﺴﻝﺍﻭ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻹﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫﻭ
.؟ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ
.؟ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ( ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻹﺍ ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ ﻭ
:ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻲﻠﻴﺎﻤﻴﻓ :ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻩﺅﻼﻤﺯﻭ Xxxxxx "ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻭﻨ" ﻡﺎﻗ
ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺏـﺠﻭﻤ ﻁﺎـﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺩﻭ ,ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ (ﺭﻭﻜﺫ 50ﻭ ﺙﺎﻨﺇ 65 ) ﺎﻐﻝﺎﺒ 115
ﺔﺒـﺴﻨ ﺽﺎـﻔﺨﻨﺎﺒ ﻱﺅـﺒﻨﺘ ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ,ﺏﺎﺌﺘﻜﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻭﺭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﻐﺸﻨﻻﺍ
:ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﻁﻭﻁﻋﺯ) ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ,ﺏﺎﺌﺘﻜﻻﺍ
.(18 ﺹ ,2005
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺩﺎـﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻏ ﺕﻓﺩﻬﻓ ,(1984) Xxxxxxx ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﻡﺘﻭ ,ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ 71 ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻡﻬﻌـﻀﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ,ﺍﺩﻨﺒ 11 ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ,ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻙﺤﻤﻜ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ,ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻭﺯﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠـﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩـﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺩﻭ ,ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻗﺩﺼﻷﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻡﺘ
x ﺹ ,2005 :ﻥﺎـﻀﻤﺭ ﻁﻭﻁﻋﺯ) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ (ﺀﺎﻗﺩﺼﻷﺍ + ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ) ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ,ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ
.(29 ,28
ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻓﺩﻬﻓ Xxxxx ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤـﺸﻭ ,ﺎﻜﻭﻠـﺴ 22 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﺤﻭ ,Big Five ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﺌﺒﻨﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﻤﺴ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻭ ,ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ 12 ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻁ 1184
.ﻩﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ
ﻯﺩـﻝ ﻲـﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻ Xxxxx ﻭ Ajzen ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺩﻭ .ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻭ (ﺔﻨﺴ 44 – 18) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺕﺤﻭﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻁ 113
:ﺭـﺴﺘﺭﺎﻔﺴ ﻑـﻝﺍﺭ) .ﻲـﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻭﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
.(86 ﺹ ,1994
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻩﺅﻼﻤﺯﻭ Xxxxx ﻡﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ
ﺱﺎـﻴﻗ ﻡـﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﺃ 223 ﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴ 357 ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺸﻭ ,ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻥﻴﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ
ﻰـﻝﺇ لﺎﺜﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻠﻴﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻻﻭ ,ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻁﺒﻀ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻭﻭﺫ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺩـﻌﺘ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻩﻭﻘﺒﻁﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺨﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘ ﻡﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺍﻭﻤﺎﻗ (1985) "ﻲﻨﻴﺎﺒ" ﻭ "ﻙﻨﻴﻭﺴ" ﻭ "ﻲﺘﻴﻝﻭﻜ" ﺱﻜﺘـﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝ ﻱﺃ ,ﻕﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝ ﻑﺸﺍﻭﻜﻜ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻝﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ
.( R= 0.39) ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤﺒ ﺭﻭﻬﺸ 3 ﺩﻌﺒ ﺱﺎﻜﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ,ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ
. ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ
.ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .1
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ( ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .2
.ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .3
: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ
ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ .ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ,ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ
ﻲـﻘﻠﻴ ﻪـﻨﺃ ﻡﺃ ,ﺔﻴـﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻪـﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻭﺯﻌﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ,ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺜﻴ لﻫ ,ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ
,ﺀﺎﻔـﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺊﻁﺒﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻓ، ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ,ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻕﺘﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ
.ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ لﺍﻭﻁ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻡﺯﻼﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺎﻓ ,ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲـﻓ ﻡﻫﺎـﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ
ﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ
.ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ,ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
:ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ :ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ .1 ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ .2
.( ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ,ﻥﺴﻝﺍ)
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ
:Health Locus of Control)ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ
ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ,ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻑﺭﻋ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ,ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ
: ﻑـﻠﺨﻴ ﻥﺎـﻤﺜﻋ) .ﻪﺘﺤـﺼ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
.(94 - 93,ﺹ ﺹ ,2001
) ﻥﻭﺘﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﻨﻜﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺒﺭﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ لﺘﺤﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﺠ ﻲﻓ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻴﻭ
Multidimensional
ﻑﺭـﻌﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺤﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤ ﺱﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺈﺒ ﺎﻤﺎﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ (Xxxxxxx
Health locus of control
,ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﺭﻅﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﺩﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ لﻭﺤ "ﺭﺘﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻝﻭﺠ" لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﻭﺃ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ (ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ) ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺱﻴﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘﻭ ,ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻴﻭ ,ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘـﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺭﻜﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ لـﺜﻤ ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻀﺭﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻴ ﻡﻬﺘﺤﺼ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ
.(Xxxxxxx X : 1990 p 122) ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ
:ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺍ ﻁﺒﻀ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻥﻤ(ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ، ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﺭﻭﻨ ﻲﻝﺎﺒﺠ ﻩﺩﻋﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ
ﻲـﻓ ﻁﻴﺴﻭ ﺎﻤﺎﻌﻜ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻬﺴﻹ Health psychology ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻡﻠﻋ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻅﺤﺘ
( 75ﺹ،2009، ﻲﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺒ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ ) ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﻌﺘ
ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ "competency expectancies" ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘﻭ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ "self efficaccy expectancies" ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻭ "self efficacyassessent"
ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ) self efficacy «ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ» ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ
:ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﺭﻭﻨﺴ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ .(501 ﺹ ,2001 :ﺕﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ
ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎـﻬﻤ ﻥﻭـﻘﺒﻁﻴﻭ ﺹﺎﺨـﺸﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻴ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ" : 1989 Shell ﺭﻜﺫﻴﻭ -
:ﻱﺭﻴﺩﺭﺩـﻝﺍ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ ﻡﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ) ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﺒ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ
.(210 ﺹ،2004
ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ,ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻝ ﺭﻅﻨﻴﻓ" : 1994 ﺭﺴﺘﻴﺭﺎﻔﻨﺸ ﺎﻤﺃ - ﺕﺎﻓﺭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﻗ
.(567ﺹ،ﺝﺎﺒﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻗﺎﺒ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻯﺩﻨ) ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ
ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ لﻭﺤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻓ " : Bundura ﺍﺭﻭﺩﻨﺎﺒ - ﻪﺘﺭﻁﻴـﺴ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻪﻨﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺱﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
.(40ﺹ،2009 ،ﻕﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻴ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ) "ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺔـﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﻭﺫﻓ ,ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻸﻝ ﺎﻨﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻴﻭ ﺽﺭـﻤﺒ ﺍﻭﺒﻴﺼﺃ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ,ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹ ﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻤﺍ ﺏﻭﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒﻭ ,ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﻫﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻭ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻌﺸﻴ
. ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﻌﻓﺩﺘ ﺔﻁﻏﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻓﺎﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ
:ﺎﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﺍ
ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ
:ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ
ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺏﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﻲﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻹﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻡﺘ :ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ
:ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ
:ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ
ﻯﺩـﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺍﺭـﺘﻴ،(ﺙﺎﻨﺍ 36 ،ﺍﺭﻜﺫ50 )ﺍﺩﺭﻓ 86 ﺎﻬﻤﺍﻭﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ
ﺎـﻬﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﺔﻴـﻀﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ 49 ﻩﺭﺩﻗ ﻱﺭﻤﻋ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﺔﻨﺴ72 ـ18 ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻱﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ،ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻝ ﺕﺄﺠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ (ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠ) ﻲﻠﺼﻻﺍ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ
:ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ
ﻥﻭـﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻪـﺴﺴﺍ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺔﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘـﺴﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ
ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺱﻴﻘﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ18 ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴﻭ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﺭﻭﻨ ﻲﻝﺎﺒﺠ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭ(1978)ﻪﺌﻼﻤﺯﻭ
:ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ
xxxxx
: ﻥـﻤ لـﻜ ﻪـﺴﺴﺍ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍﻭ، ﻱﺭﻜـﺴﻝﺍ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺔـﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ
ﺍﺩﻨﺒ 38 ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺩﺨﻴﻝ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﺘﺩﻋﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ xxxxx /xxxxxxxx xxxxxx(2004)
:ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻤﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ
:ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ
:ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ لﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ
ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،(ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ) ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺩﻌﺒ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ (Xxxxxxx) ﻥﻭﺴﺭﻴﺒ ـﻝ ﻲﻁﺨﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ
ﻩﺩﻭﻨﺒﻭ (IHLC) لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :01 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
17 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 13 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 12 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 8 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 6 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 1 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | |
0.66** | 0.73** | 0.58** | 0.48** | 0.20 | 0.63** | لــﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔــﻤﻴﻗ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ |
ﻭـﻬﻓ 6 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ،(0.01) ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺩﻨﺒ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﺔـﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ (IHLC) ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ 6/5 ﻲﻫ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻱﺃ ،لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ
.ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ
ﻩﺩﻭﻨﺒﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :02 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
18 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 14 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 10 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 7 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 5 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 3 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | |
0.63* | 0.74** | 0.70** | 0.29 | 0.67** | 0.4* | لــﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔــﻤﻴﻗ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ |
ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺩـﻨﻋﻭ ،(0.01) ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺩﻨﺒ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
ﺩـﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔـﻠﺜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ 6/5 ﻲﻫ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻱﺃ ،لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﻬﻓ 7 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ،(0.05)
.ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ (PHLC)
ﻩﺩﻭﻨﺒﻭ (CHLC) ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ) ـﻝ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :03 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ
16 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 15 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 11 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 9 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 4 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | 2 ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ | |
0.47** | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.75** | 0.62** | لــﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔــﻤﻴﻗ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ |
ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ (CHLC) ﺩﻌﺒﻭ (6 ،4 ،2) ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
ﺭـﻴﻏ ﺎـﻤ ﺎـﻋﻭﻨ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻬﻓ (15 ،11 ،9) ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،(0.01)
.ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ (6/3) ﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ (6/3) ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ
،ﻩﺩﻭـﻨﺒﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
.ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺃ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋﻭ ،ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜـﻝ (∝) لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ :ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺘﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ: ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ
-2.ﺏ
.ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻝﺍ
:ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ∝ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ -1
ﺎـﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ (0.63) ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ∝ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ :(IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ -
.ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻴ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ
،ﺔـﻝﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ (0.59) ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ∝ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ :(PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ -
.ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻴ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺔـﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ (0.38) ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ∝ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ :(CHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ -
.ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ
.ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻴ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻸﻝ ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜـﻝ (∝) لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ
:(ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ) ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ -2
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺩﻌﺒ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
.04 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ (ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻴﺒﺴ) ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤﺒ لﻭﻁﻝﺍ
ﺩﻌﺒ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :04 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ | ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ | لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ | |
0.30 | 0.66 | 0.65 | ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ |
ﺱـﻜﻌﺘ ﻡﻴـﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
.ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ
:ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ
:ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ
ﻑﺭـﻁ لـﻜ ﻥﻤ % 27 ﺫﺨﺄـﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺩﻘﻝ
ﺍﺫـﻬﻝ ﻱﺯـﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ 0.05 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ 0.01 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻭ 6.03= ﺕ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ
.ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻡـﺘ ﺙـﻴﺤ (ﺔﻴﻔـﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ) ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ
:ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻨﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
ﺕﺎﺒﺜ
0,45=ﺭ ﺢﺒﺼﺍ ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻴﺒﺴ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤﺒ لﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ 0 ,36=ﺭ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺴﺭﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ
ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ
ﺓﺩﻋﺎـﺴﻤﺒ ﻲﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝ ﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻯﺭﺠ
SPSS ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺤﻝﺍ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ»:ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ :ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ 1ـ2
.«ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ:ﺞـﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ
.ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :05 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
CHLC | PHLC | IHLC | ||
-0.24* | 0.29** | 0.20 | ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ | ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ |
0.05 لﺍﺩ | 0.01 ﺩﻨﻋ لﺍﺩ | ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | |
86 | 86 | 86 | (N) ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ | |
:ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ 0.20 ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ❖
ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺇ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ
ﻲﻫﻭ 0.29** ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤﻭ ❖
ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،0.006 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (PHLC)
-0.24* ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (CHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤﻭ ❖
ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،0.025 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ
:ﻪﻨﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ :ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ
ﻁﺎـﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﺙـﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،(0.20) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (0.29**) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ -0.24* ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،(0.05) ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ
.(0.01) ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ
A.M.S ــﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ (2004 ﻲﻔﻨﺎﺠ1) ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻎﻨﻭﻜ ﻎﻨﻭﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ TANG ﻭ WUA
ﻎـﻠﺒ ﺩـﻗﻭ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻤ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ
،ﺔـﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺸﻜﻭ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﺍ 159 ﻥﻫﺩﺩﻋ
ﻲﺒﻴﻬﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﺴ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﻨﺒ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ) ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃﻭ
.(61ﺹ .،2006،ﻲﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭـﻓﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺩﺠﻨﺴ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﺫـﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨـﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔـﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻼﻘﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒﻭ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻡﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭـﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﻫ (ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ) ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ ﻥﻭﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ
.ﻪﻨﻭﻬﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴـﺴ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﺎﻨﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ﻑـﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ Xxxxx لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻙﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،Big Five ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍ
.ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ
ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎـﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺃ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻼﻁﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ،ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻱﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ
.ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
ﻪـﻴﻭﺤﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺃﺭ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺩﺍﺭـﻓﺃ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﺭﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻸﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺴ 50 ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻴ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻱﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻪﻨﺎﻤﻴﺇ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ،ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ لـﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ 20 ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﻨﻀﺭﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ (CHLC) ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ (PHLC) ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻱﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻁﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻭـﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻭـﺤﻨ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺼﻴﺨﻠﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻓ ،ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﻜ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ
.ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﻭﺃ ،ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻔﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻻﺎﻤﺁ ﻥﻭﻘﻠﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ
%12 ــﺒ ﺕﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻼﺜﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻓ ،ﺱﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺴﻨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ
ﻭﺃ ﺏـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻭﻠﻠﻓ ،%19.4 ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍﻭ %22 ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،%38.88 ـﺒ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ
.ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻁﺒﻀ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻨ
،ﺏﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨﺴ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺤﻔﺘﺒﻭ ،ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺹﺨﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻲﻌﺘ ﻻﻭ
.ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴـﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ (1980) ﺭﻠﻫﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﻭﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺎﻗﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
.ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍﻭ
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺩﻭﺴﺘ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻓ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻠﻝ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﺁ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﺃ لﻌﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺩﻴ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻬﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﺦـﺴﺭﺘﻴﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﺤﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ (ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ)
،ﻡﻬﻓﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ (ﺦﻝﺇ...ﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ﻥﻤ) ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻫﺫ
.ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻪﻠﻫﺅﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝ ﻪﻜﻼﺘﻤﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻜﺭﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ
:ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ
:ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
2.2
.«ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ »
:ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
1.2.2
ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :06 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
CHLC | PHLC | IHLC | ||
-0.19 | 0.12 | -0.20 | ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ | ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ |
لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | |
86 | 86 | 86 | (N) ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ | |
:لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
،(-0.20) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘
(IHLC) ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ
.(ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲـﻫﻭ ،(0.12) ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻋ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ
.(ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ
،(-0.19) ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (CHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘
ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ
.ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (CHLC)
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
2.2.2
CHLC | PHLC | IHLC | ||
-0.44 | 0.18 | -0.02 | ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ | ﻥـــﺴﻝﺍ |
لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | |
86 | 86 | 86 | (N)ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ | |
ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :07 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
:لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺭـﻴﻏ ﺔـﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0.02) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭـﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (0.18) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (PHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0.44) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (CHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ ⮘
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (CHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ
:ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ
ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒـﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ
:ﻪﻨﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ،ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ
ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ -ﺃ
(-0.20) ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ (IHLC) ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ
ﻁﺎـﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،(0.12) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ
.ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0.19) ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ
،ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺎـﻤﻠﻜ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺩﺠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻜ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻓ ،ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺘﺤ ﺭﺜﺅﻴﺴ ﺎﻬﻴﺃﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠـﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺸﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺩﺭﻓ ﻱﻷ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺓﺩﻤﻝ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ
.ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺩـﺼﻤ لﻭـﺤ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﺒ ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻻ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﻜﻌﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ (ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ) ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻼﻁﺇ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺤﺼ
.ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﺩﻜﺄﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻓ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺎﻨﻠﻗﻭ ،ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ
.ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﻡﻬﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺎﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ لﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﻑﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺸﺭﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺫﺇ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻉﺎﻤﺴﻝ لﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﻼﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺩـﺒﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻪـﻨﺎﻤﻴﻹ ﺔـﺼﺭﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻀﺤﻝ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔـﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺠﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺕﻼﺒﻋﺯﺨﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،(200x ،0001 :ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺒ) ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ
ﻲـﻓ ﺍﺫـﻫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻓ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﺒ
.ﺎﻌﺒﻁ ﺎﻨﺘﺌﻴﺒ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ -ﺏ
ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ .ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ (-0.02) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺩـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،(0.18)ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ
.ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻭ (-0.44) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ،ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ
لﻼﺨ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ،لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﺘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ
،ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ لﺸﻓﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺭﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻪﻁﺒﻀ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ
.ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،Xxxxxxxxx ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻕﻓﻭﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
13 ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺴ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﻋ ﻁﺒﻀ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺸﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺴ 25 ﻭ
.ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻪﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻔﺸﻜﻭ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻡﺩـﻘﺘﺒ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺔﺤﺼﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ،Xxxxxxx ﺎﻬﻴﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻫﻭ لﻭـﺤ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎـﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒ ﻙ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﻥﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒﻭ ،ﻥﺴﻝﺍ
.ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ
ﺔـﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺝﻭﺘ»:ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ :ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ -3-2
:ﻥﻴﺘﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ.«ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﺓﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ -3.2.1
:ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :08 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ | ||
0.09 | ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ | ﺓﺩــــﻤ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ |
لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | |
86 | (N) ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ | |
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ ،(0.09) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ:ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
.ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ -2.3.2
:ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ
:ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :09 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ | ||
-0.04 | ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ | ﻥــــﺴـﻝﺍ |
لﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | |
86 | (N) ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ | |
ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0.04) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺇ:لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ
:ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ
ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ
:ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ،ﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ
:ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ (ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍ) ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ -ﺃ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺤﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ changﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔـﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺸﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻻﺍﻭ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺕﻨﻴﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻡﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﻪﻠﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ
(Xxxxx XX ;2001) ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﺄـﺘ لﻭـﺤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﻝ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺼﺤﻔﺘ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺓﺭـﻜﻓ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﺈﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜ لﻭﺤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺭـﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ :لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﺨﺄﻨﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺎـﻤﻠﻜ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻭﺠﻨ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﻘﺒـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﺭﺜﺅﻴـﺴ ﺍﺫـﻫ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻪﺘﺩﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ لﺍﻭﻁ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻡﺯﻼﻤﻭ ﻥﻤﺯﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻡﺍﺩـﻌﻨﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺎـﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻁﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺘﺤ
.ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺃﺭ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻩﺎـﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ
.ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺯﺨﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻸﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ
،ﺎﻫﺭﺩـﺼﻴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺃ ﺍﻭﻌﻴﺭـﺴ ،ﻥﻭـﻘﻠﻗ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻡﻬﻓ ،ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﻓ
.(ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻩﺎﻨﻅﺤﻻ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ) ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0.04) ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ :ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ -ﺏ
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﺤـﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ xxxxx ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ
.ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻠﻝ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻗﺃ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺎﻤﺎﻋ 60 ﻕﻭﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﺎﻋ 99-20 ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺎﻋ 60 ﻕﻭﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻡﻬﺘﺤﺼ
ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ ،ﻥﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻼﺼﺃ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺍﻭﻤﻬﻔﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺴﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
.ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺼﻼـﺨﻝﺍ
ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺓﺀﺎـﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ :ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ لﻭﺼﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨ ﺩﻗﻭ،ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ :ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ .ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺭﻤ 86 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﺘـﺸﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
.ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻱﺩﻌﺒﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺼﻠﺨﻭ ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻓﺩﺼﻝﻭ
.ﻥﺴﻝﺍﻭ
ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃﻭ ﺔـﺠﺭﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﻕﻭﺭـﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ .ﻥﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
.ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺍﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ
ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺏﻼـﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻗ، ﻲﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺒ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ /1
،2009،ﻯﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ،ﺓﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ،ﻑﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ،ﺔﺤﻭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ: ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻡﻠﻋ ، ( 2001 )ﻑﻠﺨﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ/ 2 ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ, ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ,1ﺝ,ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ,ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﺴ ﺯﺘﻌﻤ/3
ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔـﻠﺠﻤ,ﻥﺍﻭـﻀﺭ ﺭﻤﺎـﺴ ﺔـﻤﺠﺭﺘ,ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠـﺴﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻁﺭـﺸﻜ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺅﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ,(1994)ﺭﺴﺘﺭﺎﻔﺸ ﻑﻝﺍﺭ/4
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ,ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ,5 ﺩﻠﺠﻤ,18ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ,ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩـﻝ,ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒـﺒ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ,(2005)ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﻁﻭﻁﻋﺯ/5
ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ,ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ,ﻥﻴﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ,ﺭﺼﻤ,1ﻁ,1ﺝ ,ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ,(2001)ﺕﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ/6 ﻡﻝﺎﻋ,ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ,1ﻁ,2ﺝ,ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ,(2004)ﻱﺭﻴﺩﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻡﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ/7
ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻨـﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻜﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻴ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ /8
.2009 ﻭﻴﻨﻭﻴ،2ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺸﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
9/Grxxxxx X ;Xxxxx xnd all(1990) ;health value ,health locus of control and prediction of health protective behaviours,social behavior,vol18,n6
ﻲـﻓ ﻲـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤ،ﻲﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﻬﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﺴ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﻨﺒ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ/10 ﺔﻝﺎـﺴﺭ، ﻯﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻯﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺕﺎﺒﻝﺎﻁﻭ ﺏﻼﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺀﻭﻀ
،2006،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ
11_Chong GS et all; La douleur chronique et l'auto-efficacité: les effets de l'âge, le sexe, et la chronicité ; Douleur Pract. 2001 décembre; 1 (4): 338-43.
ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ
( ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ-ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ-ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏ-ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ) ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﺠﻴﺩﺨ ﻭﺩﺎﺒﻋ : ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺏﻴﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺩ.ﺃ: ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ (ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺹـﺨﻠﻤ
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﺍ ﻯﺩـﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻭ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺩﻬﺘﺴﺍ
"ﺭﺘﺭﻭﺒ" ﺓﺍﺩﺃ
: ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﻡـﺘ ،ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﺒﺜﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﺩﺼ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ
.ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻓ 3 ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺍﺩﻨﺒ 14 ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ
.ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃﻭ ﺍﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ 447 ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏﻭ
.ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ .1
.ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .2
.ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .3
.ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .4
. ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .5
Abstract:
The present study aimed at detection of level of organizational loyalty university professors in Algeria, and how this level differs according to the specialization , the rank,the seniority , and the place of work
To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher relied on the questionnaire, namely:
- the tool "Xxxxxx" to measure the level of organizational loyalty and contains 14 items, including 3 paragraphs negative.
After verifying the validity of the instrument and Sedk and Thbat, was applied to a sample of the study consists of 447 professors, Professor and professor
Were selected randomly stratified States Ouargla and Ghardaia and El Oued and Biskra in The southern Algeria the study found the following results:
1. Level of organizational loyalty to the university teachers is high.
2. There are no differences - statistically significant - between university professors in the level of organizational loyalty depending on specialization.
3. There are no differences - statistically significant - between university professors in the level of organizational loyalty according to rank.
4. There are no differences - statistically significant - between university professors in the level of organizational loyalty depending on seniority.
5. There are no differences - statistically significant - between university professors in the level of organizational loyalty in different States.
: ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﺎﻬﻴﺩـﺒﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﻻﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
.ﺎﻬﻝ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﺄﺒ لﺎـﻌﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ (Xxxxxxxx, 1974) ﻥﺎﻨﻜﻠﺒ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ
: ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺕﺍﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻓ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻗﻭ
ﺹ ،2009 ﻥﺎﻁﻠـﺴﻭ ﺩﻭﻌـﺴﻝﺍ)
(loyalty) ﺹﻼﺨﻻﺍﻭ ،(involvement) ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ (Identification)
لﺜﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ
(196
لـﺒ ﺏـﺴﺤﻓ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ
.ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀ لﺒ ﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺭﻤﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺏﺴﻜﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﺴ ﻥﺃ" : ﻪﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺸﻭﺃ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﻤﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﻀﺭ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ
"لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷ
،ﺩـﻴﺠ ﻲﻝﺎـﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺎﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ
(15 ﺹ ،2003 ﻥﺍﺯﻭﻔﻝﺍ) ﺎﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓﻭ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ لﻅ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏ ،ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ -1
ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ
.ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺎﺒـﺸﺍ لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻅﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻜﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺞﻬﻨـﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺍ ﻥﺇ ،ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﺴﻭ ﻡﺌﻼﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺥﺎﻨﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ،ﺯﻓﺍﻭﺤﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺍﺭـﻓﻷﺍ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡـﻬﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻱﺩﺅﻴﺴ ﺕﺂﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺜﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ
(62 ﺹ ،2002 ﺭﻴﺘ) ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭـﻴﻏ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻓﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺌﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺴﻴ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺎﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻤﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ
ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻑﻼﺨ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻜﺍ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻭﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ
(02 ﺹ ،2010 ﻲﻠﺤﻜﻷﺍ) ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺱﻨﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺀﺎـﺴﺅﺭﻠﻝ ﻕـﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺇ ﻱﺭﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ (2005) ﻱﻭﻠﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻜﺃﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺩـﻜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺩـﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌـﺼ ﻑﺭـﻌﺘ ﺔـﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ (2010) ﺙﺎﻴﻏ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ,ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻡﻴﻗ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﺎﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﺎﻨ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻜﺒﺎﺸﺘﻤﻭ ﻲـﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺎـﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻴـﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺸﻓﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ
.ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ
ﻊﻨـﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﺅﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﺴﺎﺴﺤﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨﻭ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎـﻨﺘﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭـﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺭﺠ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻀﺎﺤ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ
؟ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺎﻤ -1
؟ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ لﻫ -2
؟ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺘﺭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ لﻫ -3
؟ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ لﻫ -4
؟ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ لﻫ -5
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ -2 ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻰﻌـﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
:ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺽﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ .1
.ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .2
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺘﺭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .3
ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .4
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ .5
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ -3
ﺓﺫﺘﺎـﺴﻷ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ -4
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ
ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻔﺘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ
. ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻬﺠ ﻯﺭﺎﺼﻗ لﺫﺒﻴﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔـﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔـﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻙﺸﻻ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤﻭ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﻜﺸﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﺭﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ -5
ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻤـﺴ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻭﻫ :ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻡﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻡﻫﺯﺍﺯﺘﻋﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺼﻤﻭ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭـﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ
.ﺭﺘﺭﻭﺒ ﻪﻤﻤﺼ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ -6 ﻅـﺤﻴ ﻡـﻝ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺎـﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺩﻗ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ :ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ -ﺃ ﺕﺎـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻡﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﺏـﻝﺎﻁﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺫﺒﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﻤﺘﻤ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ لﺒ ،ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﺩﻬﺠ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﺎـﻤﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﻥﺇ
،ﻪﺘـﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﺨﺍﺩـﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ
(86 ﺹ ،2007 ﺓﺩﺸﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ)
(62 ﺹ ،2002 ﺭﻴﺘ)
.ﻪﺘﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ
.ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ :ﺔﻐﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ -
ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،(Affiliation) ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ،(evotion) ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ لﻴﺒﻨﻭ ﻡﺎﺴ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻱﻭـﻁﻨﻴ ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻝ ﻡﻬﺼﻼﺨﺇﻭ ﻡﻬﺒﺎﺴﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﺒﻵ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻸﻝ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻨ
.ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ (Enticement) ﺏﺫﺠﻝﺍﻭ (Cohesiveness) ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍﻭ ،(Commitment) ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ
(86 ﺹ ،2007 ﺓﺩﺸﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ)
:ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ - ﺀﺎـﻁﻋﺇ ﺍﻭﻝﻭﺎـﺤ ﺙـﻴﺤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘ ﺎﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﺎـﺠﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅـﻫ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻪﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻪﺌﻻﻭﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
(118 ﺹ ،2003 ﻱﺯﻭﻠﻝﺍ) .ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ" ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ :ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴـﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﻴـﻘﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ لﺫﺒ
(426 ،2010 ﺩﺍﻭﺠﻭ ﻱﻭﺍﺯﻌﻝﺍ) ."ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ
ﻥﻴـﺤ ﻲﻓ .ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ (Xxxxxxx) ﻥﻭﺩﻠﻴﺸ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ -
ﻊـﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﻭﺠﻷﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ (Allutto, Herbiniak) ﻙﻨﺒﻴﺭﻫﻭ ﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ
(86 ﺹ ،2007 ﺓﺩﺸﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ) .ﺔﻗﺍﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
ﻥﻭـﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩـﺒﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ (Xxxxxxxx) ﻥﺎﻨﺸﻭﺒ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ -
ﺕﺍﺯـﻜﺘﺭﻤ ﺙﻼـﺜ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ،لﻗﺃ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻝﻭﺼﺤ ﻡﻏﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﻏﺭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﻝﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
:ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ
.ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺨﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴﻭ :(Identification) ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ -
ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻁـﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻀﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ :(Involvement) ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ-
.ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
.ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﻜﻷﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﺒ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ :(loyalty) ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍ -
ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻭﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ (Xxxxxx, 1999) ﺝﺭﻭﺠ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ -
ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻩﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺩﻜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺍﺭﺜﺃ ﻯﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺏﻌﺼﻝﺍ
.ﻪﻨﻋ ﻲﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺤ
(31 -30 ﺹ ﺹ ،2008 ﻥﺍﺩﻤﺤ) ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ" ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻴﻓ (Xxxxxxx) ﺯﻨﺒﻭﺭ ﺎﻤﺃ -
(109 -108 ﺹ ﺹ ،2007 ﺩﻭﻌﻠﺠﻭ ﺏﺴﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ) .ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻥـﻤ لـﻜ ﻕﺎـﺴﺘﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻥﺭﺠﻴﻨﻭ ﺭﺩﻴﻨﺸﻭ لﻭﻫ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴﻭ -
ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺤﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺍﺭﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﺘﺴﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ
(53 ﺹ ،2008 ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ) .ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ
ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ لﻭﺒﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﺘﻴ ﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ
ﻥـﻤ ﺏﺒـﺴ ﻱﻷ ﺎـﻬﻜﺭﺘﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓﻻﺍﻭ ﺹﻼﺨﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ Xxxxxx, steers and ) ﺭﺘﺭﻭـﺒﻭ ﺯﺭﻴﺘـﺴﻭ ﻱﺍﺩﻭـﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﻫﺎﻤﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻭ (xxxxxx, 1974
."ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ" ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻊـﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ،ﻪﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﺤﻀﻭﺃﻭ
ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻯﺩـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﻴ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺭﺎﺸﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﺅﻤ
:ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ لﻭﺒﻘﺒ ﻱﻭﻗ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ .1
.ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻨ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ لﺫﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ .2
.ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻀﻋ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ .3
.(30 ﺹ ،2008 ﻥﺍﺩﻤﺤ)
لﺨﺍﺩـﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ :ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ
-ﺏ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ
لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻭ :ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ -
ﻪـﻨﺃ ﻑـﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻝ ﻪﻜﺭﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﺒﻜﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺎﻬﻘﻘﺤﻴ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔـﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻲـﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ :ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﺨﺩﻤ - ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﺘﻤ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﻑﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻌﻓ ،ﻪﺘﻤﻅﻨﻤﻭ ﻑﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭـﻴﻭ ،ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻜﻔﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻤﻅﻨﻤﺒ ﻲﻗﺭﻠﻝ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﺫﺒﻴ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻑﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﺎﻴﻭﻗ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺼﻨﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻬﻴـﻠﻋ ﺏـﺠﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻭﻠﻌﻔﻴ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻋ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻠﺼﺤﻴ
(38 ﺹ ،2009 ﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ) .ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ
ﺙﻼﺜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ (Bulchanan) ﻥﺎﻨﺸﻭﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ :ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ. ﺝ
:ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ
ﺓﺭـﺘﻓ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻝﺇ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ :ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ -1 لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﻴﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﺎﻌﻀﺎﺨ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘ ﻥـﻤ لﻜ ﺀﺍﺭﻁﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﺃ ﻁﺤﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺭﺒﻴﻭ ﻉﺩﺒﻴﻝ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﻬﺠ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ لﺫﺒﻴ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ
،ﺭﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﺡﻭـﻀﻭﻭ ،ﺀﻻﻭـﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﻀﺘ :ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﺎﻨﺸﻭﺒ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻝﻭﺤ
.ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺘﻤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ :ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ -2
:ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻪﻘﻘﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺜﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ
.لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﻭ ،ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﺦﻴـﺴﺭﺘﺒ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺃﺩﺒﺘﻭ :ﻪﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ -3 ﻪـﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻴﻭ ،ﻕﺎﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺸ ،ﻁﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﺘﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺏـﻴﻬﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﺭﻬﺼﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻭﻠﻌﻴﻝ ،ﻪﺘﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ،لﻠﻤ ﻭﺃ لﻠﻜ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻤﻌﻴﻭ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ
،2005 ﻡﺎـﻨﻏ) ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻘﺘﻨﺘﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺹﻼﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ
.(41 -40 ﺹ ﺹ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ -7
ﻡﺎـﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻡﺘـﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻴﺸﺎﻤﺘ :ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ .1
.ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ
،ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒﻭ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻤ %20 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃﻭ ﺍﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ (447) ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻭﻜﺘ :ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ .2
ﺭﺩـﻘﻨﻭ ﻲﻠـﺼﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺭﻐﺼﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ
%30 ـﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
:ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ -3
ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺼﺘﻗﺍ
.ﻱﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﻤﻋﻭ ﻥﺈـﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺭﻗﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏﻭ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ
.ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﺤﺼ
. 2012 -2011 ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﺓﺫﺘﺎـﺴﺃ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭـﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ :ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ
.ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺩﺠﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﺒﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﻴﺘـﺴﻭ ،ﺭﺘﺭﻭـﺒ ﻱﺍﺩﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ :ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ -4
.(1997) ﻲﻠﻀﻔﻝﺍ ،(1999) ﺵﻴﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻤﺠﺭﺘﻭ ،(1979)
(130 ﺹ ،2002 ﺭﻴﺘ)
ﺕﺭﻜﻴﻝ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﺴ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻓ 3ﻭ ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻘﻓ 11 ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﻘﻓ 14 ﻥﻤ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﻝﺄﺘﺘﻭ (1995) ﺭﻴﻤﻝﺍ (ﺍﺩﺒﺃ ،ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻨ ،ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ،ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ،ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ) :ﻲﻫﻭ لﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﺔﺴﻤﺨﺒ ﺎﻋﻭﺒﺘﻤ ﺩﻨﺒ لﻜ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﻤﺨﻝﺍ
ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻔﻠﻝ (1 ،2 ،3 ،4 ،5) ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ
.(5 ،4 ،3 ،2 ،1) ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ
:ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﺘﻤﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ -5
.xxxxx xx ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨﺒ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻜﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ :ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ -ﺃ
ةاد ا ت
0,805
=ﺹ ﻱﺃ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ لﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺫﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ :ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ -1
=0,89 ﻭﻫ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
.ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ لﺎﻋ ﻕﺩﺼ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺞﻤﺍﺭـﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘـﺴﺎﺒ) ﺔـﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ :ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ -2 ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ %33 ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺎﻴﻝﺯﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،(v17,SPSS ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺔـﻝﻭﺩﺠﻤﻝﺍ (ﺕ) ﺔـﻤﻴﻗﻭ 12,018 ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﺘ ﺔﺒﻭﺴﺤﻤﻝﺍ (ﺕ) ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ﻲﻠﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %33 ـﺒ ﻱﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺎﻗﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،0,01 ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫﻭ 32 ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﻨﻋ 3,385
.ﻥﻴﺼﻭﺤﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻔﺴﻝﺍﻭ
:ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ :ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ -ﺏ لـﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺎـﺴﺤ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ) 1995 ﺭﻴﻤﻝﺍ ،(0,89) 1997 ﻲﻠﻀﻔﻝﺍ ،(0,86) 1999 ﺵﻴﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ :ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ -
.(ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻔﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭـﻝﺍ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ :ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ - 1998 Xxxxxxxx ﺱﺩﺭﺎـﺸﺘﻴﺭﻭ ،(0,89) ﺕﺎـﺒﺜ لـﻤﺎﻌﻤﺒ 2000 Xxxxxx ﺏﻭﺸﻴﺒ :ﻲﻫﻭ (1979) ﻱﺍﺩﻭﻤﻝ
،(0,89) ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﺜ لﺩﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒ 1999 Xxxxxxxxx et al ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﻭ ،(0,90) لﻤﺎﻌﻤﺒ
.(0,96) لﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻎﻠﺒ Xxxxxxx et al ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﻭﺴﺭﺒﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﻭ
.ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺕﺒﺴﺤ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ
(130 ﺹ ،2002 ﺭﻴﺘ)
ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ لﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ 0,67 ـﺒ ﺭﺩﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ :ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ -1
.ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ لﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،0,80 ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻴﺒﺴ
.ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ 0,87 ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ :ﺥﺎﺒﻨﻭﺭﻜ ﺎﻔﻝﺃ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ -2
ﺕﻻﻭﺅﺎـﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﻲﻝﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ
:ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ -8
:ﺎﻤﻫ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ : ﺕ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ •
ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ : ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ
: ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ -9
ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺽﻔﺨﻨـﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ :ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺹﻨﺘﻭ :ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ– 1
.ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ، ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﻭ
.(01) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ
.ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(01) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ | ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ | ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ |
07,74 | 54,02 |
.(7,74) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ (54,02) ﻭﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ
.ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ
.ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺭﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ :ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺓﺩﻌﻝ ﺎﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺘﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻹ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﻡﻫﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﻤﺒ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻗﺩـﺼﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺎﻔﺘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺒﺴ لﻭﺅﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻠﻝ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻨﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﻭﻤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻤﺭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻡﻬﻓﺭﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎـﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻋ ﻱﺃ لﻭﺒﻘﻝ ﻡﻫﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺀﺍﺩﻌﺴ ﻡﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻡﻬﺤﻴﺭﺼﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺜﻜﻠﻝ ﺭﺴﻴﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻠﻝ ﺩﺭـﻔﻠﻝ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﺍ ﻥﻤ
،ﻑـﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﺒ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ :ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻪﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ،ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ،ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ،ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ
(40 ﺹ ،2003 ﺔﻤﻼﺴ) .ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ
ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎـﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ :ﺹﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ :ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
.ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ
.(0 2) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ
ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(0 2) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ | ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ | ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ | ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ | ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ |
7,94 | 54,02 | 145 | ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ + | ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ |
8,58 | 53,59 | 106 | ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ + | |
7,11 | 54,26 | 196 | ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ + ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ |
ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎـﺒ (54,26) ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻰـﻠﻋﺃ ﻙـﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻲﺒﺎـﺴﺤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ ،(7,11) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ
ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،(7,94) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ (54,02)
.(8,58) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ (53,59)
.(03) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﻭ -
.ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺙﻼﺜﻝ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(03) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﻑ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ | ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ | ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ |
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 0,253 | 15,253 | 30,505 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ | ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ |
60,176 | 26718,224 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ | |||
/ | 26748,729 | ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ |
ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻫﻭ (0,25) ﻲﻫ ﻑ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ
.ﻱﺭﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﻱﺃ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺽـﻐﺒ ﻡﺎـﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤ لﻤﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎـﻀﻴﺃ لﺎـﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﻓﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﻡﻫﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لـﺨﺍﺩ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻠـﺼﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﺭﺩﻴ ﻡﻫﻭ ,لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ
. ﺎﻔﻴﻜ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺅﻼﻤﺯ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴﺎﻤ ﻕﻭﻔﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ لـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﻓﺎﻜﻤ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ لﺜﻤ, ﺓﺫﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺎـﻬﻨﻋ ﻡﺠﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ, ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜ
. ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺭـﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺡﺎﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ
. ﻪﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ لﻜ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺀﺍﺩﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ :ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﺘﻭ :ﺔـﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
.ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡـﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭـﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻋﺎـﺴﻤﻝﺍ :ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ
.(04) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ
ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻠﻝ (ﺕ) ﻡﻴﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(04) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﺕ | ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ | ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ | ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ | ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ |
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 0,231 | 7,82 | 54,06 | 357 | ﻥﻭﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ |
7,44 | 53,85 | 90 | ﻥﻭﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ |
ﺓﺫﺘﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،(7,82) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎﺒ (54,06) ـﺒ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ
.(7,44) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎﺒ (53,85) ـﺒ ﻥﻴﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺕ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺘﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﻴﻌﻝ (ﺕ) ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﻭ-
.ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻫﻭ (0,23)
ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
.ﻱﺭﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺕﺍﺯﺎـﻴﺘﻤﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻪﺒـﺴﺘﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺘﻭ
ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﻭﻤﺭﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﻩﺩﺩـﺤ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺸﻝ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ ﻪﺒ ﻥﻤـﻀ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ . ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻤﻝﺍ
. ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻪﻋﺎﻓﺩﻨﺍﻭ ﻪﺌﻻﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺕﺩﺍﺯﻭ،ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﺭﻌﺸ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ،ﻪﺘﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰـﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻪﺘﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺼﺭﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻙﺭﺩـﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻔﺤﺠﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻻﺍ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺌﻼﻤﺯﻝ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ
. ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺍﺫﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺯـﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻊـﻀﻭﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﻷﺍ ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺍﻭﻜﺭﺩﺃﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻑﺍﺭـﺸﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺯﺘﻠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ -ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ :ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﺘﻭ :ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
.ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ
– 5 ﻥﻤ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ
.(05) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘﻭ ،(ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ)ﻭ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10
ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻠﻝ (ﺕ) ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(05) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ)ﻭ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 – 5 ﻥﻤ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﺕ | ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ | ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ | ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ | ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ |
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | -0,290 | 7,65 | 53,96 | 327 | ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 – 5 ﻥﻤ |
8,01 | 54,02 | 120 | ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ |
ﻥـﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎﺒ (54,02) ـﺒ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 – 5 ﻥﻤ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 5 ﻥﻤ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺓﺩﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،(8,01) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ
.(7,65) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎﺒ (53,96) ـﺒ (ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ 10 – ﺕ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﺘﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﺘﻨﻴﻌﻝ (ﺕ) ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﻭ-
.ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻫﻭ (-0,290) ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎـﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
.ﻱﺭﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻤ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻌﺘﻭ
ﻥـﻋ ﺭـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽـﻐﺒ ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ .ﺩﺩﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ
ﺩـﻗ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻘﻘﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻤﺩﻗﺃ ﺏـﺴﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘـﺴﺍ ﻡـﻬﻝ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻭ, ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻜﺭﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺭﺴﺨﻴ
. ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺎﺒ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ :ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻡﻀﺘ ﺀﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
. ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺭـﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻪـﻜﺭﺘ ﻭـﻫ ﺎﻬﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ
. ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺎﺒ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ :ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﺘﻭ :ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ
.(06) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(06) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ | ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ | ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ | ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ |
8,51 | 54,67 | 176 | ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ |
8,59 | 52,21 | 99 | ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ |
8,01 | 54,00 | 52 | ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏ |
5,09 | 54,58 | 120 | ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ |
ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﺘ ،(8,51) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺎﺒ (54,67) ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ
ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺭﻏ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ (5,09) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ (54,58) ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﺔـﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ (8,01) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ (54,00) ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
.(8,59) ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍﻭ (52,21) ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤ
.(07) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﻭ -
.ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﻻﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻊﺒﺭﻷ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ :(07) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﻑ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ | ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ | ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ |
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 2,448 | 145,377 | 436,131 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ | ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ |
59,396 | 26312,598 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ | |||
/ | 26748,729 | ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ |
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻫﻭ (2,448) ﻲﻫ ﻑ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺽﺭـﻔﻝﺍ لﻭـﺒﻗﻭ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺽﻓﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ
.ﻱﺭﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺔـﻌﺠﺎﻨ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺯﻌﺘﻭ
: ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ( ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤﻜ ) ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ
ﻥﻋ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺯﻓﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎـﺠﺘ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ : ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
. ﺀﺍﺩﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻨﺩﺘ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺥﺎـﻨﻤ ﺩﺎـﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺭﺜﺎﺘﻴ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﺌﻼﻤ
. ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ
:ﺔﺼﻼﺨ
ﻕـﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎـﻤﻴﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ
:ﻲﺘﻵﺎﻜ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻭ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ
ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ .1
.ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .2
.ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .3
.ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .4
. ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ – ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ .5 ﻡﻫﺎـﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ, ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
. لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻭ, ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍﻭ, ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍﻭ,ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺄـﺸ ﻥـﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﻭﺘﻭ ﺥﺎـﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭـﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﻀﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻷﺎﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﻓﺎﻜﻤﻝﺎﻜ
.ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡـﻬﻋﻼﻁﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﻬﺒﻴﺭﺩﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ
.ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻨ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ
.ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻔﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻡﺠﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻪﺨﻴﺴﺭﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ
: ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ
. ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ (2006) ﺩﺍﺅﻓ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﺒﻝﺍ -1
ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻋ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻼﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ(2002 ) ﺎﻀﺭ ﺭﻴﺘ -2
.ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ( ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ) ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴـﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ( 2008) ﻲﻔﻁﻝ ﺎﻨﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﻤﺤ -3
.ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻠﻓ ﺱﻠﺒﺎﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻁﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺩﻤﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1ﻁ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ (2007
) ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﻑﻠﺨ ﺓﺩﺸﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ -4
. ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ(2009) ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺴ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴﻭ ﺏﺘﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ -5
.(1+2) ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،25 ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ
ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ( 2003) ﻥﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﺒﻴ ﺭ ﺔﻤﻼﺴ -6
.ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺯﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ(2010)
ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﻭﺠﻭ ﷲ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺠﻨ ﻱﻭﺍﺯﻌﻝﺍ -7
.ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ( 2008) ﺱﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ لﻌﺸﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ -8
. ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﺎﻨ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﻯﺭﻭﺸﻝﺍ
. ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،3ﻁ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ(2008 ) ﺔﺠﻠﻓﻭﺒ ﺙﺎﻴﻏ -9
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻌﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ( 2005) ﻲﻠﻋ ﷲ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺎﺘﺨ ﻡﺎﻨﻏ-10
.ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻠﻓ ﺱﻠﺒﺎﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﺱﻠﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤ
.ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺌﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ،2ﻁ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ(2003) ﻰﺴﻭﻤ ﻱﺯﻭﻠﻝﺍ-11
.ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ،2ﻁ ،ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ (2003) ﻅﻴﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ-12
ﻲـﻓ ﻙﻭـﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻅﻭـﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ( 2007) ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻤ ﺩﻭﻌﻠﺠﻭ ﻡﺎﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻝ ﺏﺴﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ-13
.11 ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻸﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻥﻴﻁﺴﻠﻓ لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤ
: ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ
ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ(2009 ) ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ -1
xxxx://Xxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxx.xx/xxxxxx/00000.xxx.
ﺕﺎﻜﺭـﺸﻭ ﻙﻭـﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﺜﺃ(
:ﺓﺯﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺯﻏ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ
2011) ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﺃ -2
xxxx://xxx.xxxxx.xxx/xxxxx/xxx.xxxxx.xxx/xxxxx.
: ﺱﻠﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺱﻠﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ
: ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍﻭ... ﻪﺘﻨﻬﻤﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺀﻻﻭ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ لﻫ: ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ( 2009) ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺎﺸﺒ -3
xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxxx.xxxxx 1692.
،ﺱﻴﺭﺩـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ
(1999) ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﺭﻔﻌﺠ ﺩﻴﺎﻜﻝﺍ -3
:ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻙﻭﻤﺭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxx/xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxx article.
5-Xxxxxxxx xxxxx and X.X.Xxxxx and X.X.xxxxxxx (2007) work motivation, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of library personnel in academic and research libraries in oyo state, nigeria: xxxx://xxxxxx,xxx.xxx/Xxx/xxxxx 2,pdf.
6-Xxxxx Xxxxxxx Ras CA and Al escandrina deaconi (2007) The importance of loyalty of highly performing Employees for organizational performance, Institue for business and public administration form Bucharest, Asebuss: xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.xx/xxx/xxxxxxxx/000.xxx.
7-Xxxx Xx Xxxxx (2007) The top 11 ways to increase your Employee loyalty: xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx vice xxxxx.xxx/xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx aseloy alty.pdf.
1ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺩﻴﻌﺴ .ﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ "ﺃ" ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ
(ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
Résumé:
On ne peut pas parler de la fin du XXème sans parler de la théorie du chaos comme théorie a pour objet l’étude des systèmes dynamiques non linéaires. Ce qui est important, c’est sa fiabilité comme approche épistémologique imposant son influence rapide sur toutes les spécialités scientifiques, et notamment sur les recherches et les études sociologiques qui soufrent xx xxxx de difficultés sur le plan épistémologiques et méthodologiques. Les questions qui se posent : quelles sont les principes de la théorie du chaos ayant aidé beaucoup les scientifiques à décrire la complexité de la réalité sociale actuelle ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques qui ont marqué la nature de la société contemporaine ? et comment les concepts de la théorie du chaos ont pu interpréter ces caractéristiques ?
:ﺹـﺨﻠﻤ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﻫ ،ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻤﻬﻴ ﺎﻤ .ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
،ﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﻀﺭﻓﻭ ﺎﻫﺫﻭﻔﻨ ﺕﻁﺴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺍﹰﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ :ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺤﺭﻁ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ .ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻑﻴﺼﻭﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﹰﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻩﺫـﻫ لـﺜﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ؟ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺯﻴﻤ
؟ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ
:ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ
ﺀﺍﺩـﺘﺒﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﻤﻴﻫ ﺕﻁﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻜ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔـﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﻤﺴﺎﺤ ﺍﹰﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
،ﺔـﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ لﻌﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻤﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨـﺒ ﻪﺜﺒﺸﺘ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻜﻭ ،ﻪﻋﻭﺭﻓﻭ ﻪﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻪﻝ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻠﻌﻜ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑـﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻘﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺩ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺔـﻴﺌﺎﻤﻴﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﻀﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻜ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻝِﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﹰﻴﺭﻭﺜ ﺎﹰﺒﻼﻘﻨﺍ ﺕﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭـﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ :ﺎﻨﻫ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍﻭ .ﻪﻋﻭﺭﻓﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻪـﻨﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﺏﻼﻘﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻜ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ
ﺱﻭﺎـﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ :ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ؟ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺩﺒ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺭﺍﺭـﻏ ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ – ﺔـﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫﻭ ؟ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﻁﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ
؟ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ – ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻙـﻠﺘﻝ ﹰﻼﻴﺩﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ
:ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ
ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﺴﻤﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ -1 ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ-1-1
ﺱﻭﺎـﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ xxx xx لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺭﺎﻨﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻨﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻨﺍﻭﺒ ﻱﺭﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ
ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﱢلﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ،1960 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ،ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺭﻷﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺩﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻑـﺼﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ ﻲﺘﻨﺜﺎﺒ ﻪﻠﻴﻤﺤﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻪﺒﻭﺴﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﺇ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺱﻘﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ .ﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﺘ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻘﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻑﺼﺘﻝ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺱﻘﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،1961 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺱﻘﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺎﺒ - ﻱﺭﻅﻨ لﻜﺸﺒ - ﺄﺒﻨﺘﻴ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ
،ﺕـﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻﻭ .ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﹰﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﻘﹰﺴﻨ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ لـﺨﺩﺄﻓ .ﻕﺒﺎـﺴ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﹰﻻﺩﺒ ﻲﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺭﻗ ﺞﻤﺎـﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ
،ﻩﺄﺠﺎﻓ ﺎﺌًﻴﺸ ﻅﺤﻻ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻹﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺴ ﻲﻀﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﺩﺎﻋ .ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﻴ ﻥـﻋ ﺏﻌ ـﺸﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ .ﺔﺤﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻝ ﻩﺫﺨﺘﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﺠﻤ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﹰﻻﺩﺒ لﻤﺎﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻡﺜ .ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻤﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﻰﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺏﻭﺴﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻕﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﻭ .ﻪﺘﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻜ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺨ ﺕﺴ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﺯﺨ ﺩﻗ ﺏﻭﺴﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺎﻘﹰﺤ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ
ﻥـﻜﻝﻭ ، 0.506127 ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻜ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺨ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻝﺅﻤ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﻗ
(1) . 0.506 ﻁﻘﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺏﺴﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤ ﻭـﻫﻭ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ
ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﻔﻴﻔﻁ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭ ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﺒ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺎﹰﺠﻴﺠـﻀ ﺩ ﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻭ .ﺓﺩﻭﺼﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﻨﺠ ﺔﺒﺭﻀ ﻥﺃ ﻪﺤﻴﺭﺼﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ "ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ" ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺵﻭﺸﻴ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﺸ لﻼﺨ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ،ﻪﻠﻌﻔﻴﺴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻋ ﹰﻼﻌﻓ ﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻌﻔﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﻴ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ .ﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﻔﻴﻔﻁ ﺍﹰﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺡﺎـﻨﺠ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻻﻭﻝ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﺼﻋﺇ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻨﻭﺩﻨﺃ ﺊﻁﺎﺸ ﺏﺭﻀﻴﺴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻋﻹﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﻝ
(2) .ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻭ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩ ﹺﺠﺒﹺ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻘﻝ
ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺎﹰﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺯﺘﻨﺭﻭﻝ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ
"ﺔـﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ"ﻡﺴﺍ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺴﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺩﺠ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
(3)
،ﺙﻴﺩـﺤﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﹰﺭﻴﻁﺨ ﺍﹰﺭﻭﺩ "ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ" ﺃﺩﺒﻤﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﻼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭـﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﺤ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
لﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﹰﻴﺩﺭﻁ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﹰﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ (4) .ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﺭﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻗ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺎـﻤﻫﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺘﺤﻴ ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ لﻭﺄﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .ﺔﺒﻴﻫﺭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﺎﹰﻬﻓﺎﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻱﺃ
ﻥﻴـﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺯﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﻌﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻭﻷﻭ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ﻥﻷ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ لﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﻨﻜﻝ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ "ﺔﺸﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ" ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻊﻤﻭ ﻪﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺅﺒﻨﺘ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ
.ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺍﹰﺭﺸﺅﻤ
ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺎﺒ لﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ-2-1 ﻡﺌﺎـﻗ ﻰﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻰﻨﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻪﺘﻠﻌﺠ ﺩﻗ ﻡﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺯﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻱﻭﺎـﺴﻴ لـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﹰﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺌﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﻴﻜﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻭﻴﻋ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﻯﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻜ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﺭﺃ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﹰﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺭـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،لﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﺴﻜﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻴـﻌﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭـﻝﺍ ﻙـﻠﺘ ﺫـﺨﺃ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﻤﺠﺘ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻊﻤ ﻩﺍﺭﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻘﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ
:ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺎﺒ لﻜﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻭـﻫ لـﻜﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ :ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﻜﻝﺍ - ﺙـﻴﺤ ،ﺀﺍﺯـﺠﻸﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﻌﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ .ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻌﺠﺭ لﻭﻌﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔـﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﻱﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺍﺭﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺎﺜﻤﻭ .ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ،لﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻪـﺘﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﺜﻴ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﻱﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ
(5) .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ -ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻷ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ :ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ لﻜﻝﺍ - ﻪـﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ .لﻜﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺒﻜﺘﻭ ﻑﻜﺘﹸ -لﺍﺯﻌﻨﻻﺍ
،ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺀﺯـﺠ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﻜﺘ ﻱﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،(ﺔﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ) لﻜﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻴﻝ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺭـﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺍﺯـﺠﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻫﺍﺭﻜﻹﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ لﻜﻓ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ .ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﺘﻭ
،ﺕﺎـﻫﻭﺒﺎﻁ لﻜـﺸ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﻗﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻫﺍﺭﻜﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ .ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜﺘ ﻩﺍﺭﻨ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ لﻜ ﻊﻨﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻫﺍﺭﻜﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺼﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺭﺤﻤ
(6).ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺎﺘﻜﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ-3-1 ﺕﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ ﻭﺃ ،ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ (7) .ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺏﻠﺠﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻤ ﺝﻭﺩﺯﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫـﻜ ،ﻪـﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺌﺎﺠﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺸﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴﻭ :ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥـﻜﻝﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﻭﻁﺴﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﻼﺜﻤ ﺎﻨﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﺸﺘ
،ﻯﺭـﺨﺃ ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺩﺒﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﺸﻨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﺼﻋﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﻭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻭ ﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭـﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﹰـﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﻔﻨﺘﺴﻴﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﻠﺠﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺩﺩﺠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻙﻜﻔﺘ ﻱﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠﺘ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻕـﻓﻭ – ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎـﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ .ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻭﺒﻀﻤﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻯﻭﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭ ﻡﻬﻌﻤﺠﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭﻫ -ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ
.ﺎﹰﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺎﹰﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺎﺘﺴ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ .ﺦﻝﺍ..ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻝﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﺎﺒ ﻯﻭﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈـﻓ :ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﻴﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻴﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔـﺼﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﻬﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻌﻝﻭ (8) .ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ لﺎـﺼﻔﻨﺍ-لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻭﻓ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝ ﺎﹰﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﻭﻫ ﺽﻤﺎﻏ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺯﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍ لﻌﻝﻭ .ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎـﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴـﺴﺒﺘﻭ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﺠﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ .ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻪﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﻁﻴﺴﺒﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺏﻜﺭﻤ ﺭـﺘﺒ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﻁﺴﺒﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ
(9) .ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ ﺯﻭﺭﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝ ﻊﻴﻁﻘﺘﻭ
:ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ-4-1
لﻜـﺸﺒﻭ ﺓﺄﺠﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ L’émergence ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﺼﻝ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻫ ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺩـﺤﺘ ﺎـﻬﻨﺃ ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ .ﻪﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﻲﺘﺍﺫ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻪﺒ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺎﺒ لﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ :لﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍ -لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻥـﻜﻤﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺜﺅﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﺒﻓ ؛ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﺒ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ لﺎـﺼﺘﺍ ﻲﻫ :ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺜﺩﺤﻴ ﹰﻻﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﹰﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﺎﻬﻝ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ لﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻻﻭﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻘﺜﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥـﻤ ﺀﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻁﺒﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤ ﻁﺴﺒﺃﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺎﹰﻴﺭﺫﺠ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺫ ﻊـﻤ ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩـﻴﻫ ﻥﻴـﺘﺭﺫ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺯﺠ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ،ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺴﻜﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤ لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺯﺤﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺴﻜﺃ
.ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ
ﺏﻌﺸﺘﻝﺍ-5-1
ﻲـﻓ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻕﺎﺜﺒﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ La bifurcation ﺏﻌﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ
:ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ .(10) (bi-furcation)ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻋﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﺼﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺏﻌﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻅﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﺈـﻓ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺵﻭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺸﺍﻭﺸ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ
،ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻁﺨﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ . ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﺒﺫﺎﺠ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺏﻌـﺸﺘﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،"ﻱﺭﻭﻁﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ" ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﻭـﻁﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻭ .ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ لﻼﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻊﻓﹶﺩﹲﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻠﻤﺎﻜﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﹰﺭﺜﺅﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﹰﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ لﺼﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻑـﺼﻭ ﺩـﻗﻭ .ﺊﺠﺎـﻔﻤ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻨﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺫﺒﺫﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ .ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺤﺘ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻪﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ
،ﻊﻨـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺎﻴﺭﺴﻭ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ لﺒﻤﺎﻜ ﺕﺎـﻅﺤﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ (11) .ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺎﹰـﻘﺌﺎﻋ لﻜـﺸﺘ ﻱﺩـﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ .ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻑﺎﻁﻌﻨﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻴـﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺭﺒﺘ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﹰﻴﺭﺫﺠ ﹰﻼﺼﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﻔﻴ ﺎﹰﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻭﻠـﺸﻻ ﻥﻭﺭﺇ ﺭـﺒﻋ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ .ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﺒﺘﻭ
ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﹰﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﹰﻔﺼﻭ ﻑﺼﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ :ﻡﻫﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺏﻌﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﺎـﻨﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ لﺒﻘﺘـﺴﻤ لﻜﱢ ـﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺼﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺩﺒ ﻑﺼﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺎﹰﻴﻨﺎﺜﻭ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
(12) .ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
:ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ-2
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺇ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻀﺘﻤ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ :ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻻﻻ ﻱﺭﺩﻨﺃ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ
ﻥـﻤ ﻑﻝﺄﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ (13).ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻀﺨﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻰﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺍﻭﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻤﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻨﺒ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﺕﺯـﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ :ﺡﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ
– ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ – ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ لﻫﻭ ؟ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﺒﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻓﻭﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ
؟ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻜ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ
:لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ-1-2
ﺓﺭـﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺇ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﺼﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻀﻗ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻷﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺕﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻘﻝ .ﺭﺨﺁ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻴﻨﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﻠﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ "ﻥﻵﺍ" ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻪﺘﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ لﻜ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻌﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺏﻗﺍﺭﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻨﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻯﻭﺎﺴﺘﺘ (ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﹰﺼﻭﺼﺨ)ﻲﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻠﻜ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺫﺇ .ﺭﻭﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺼﻔﺘ
ﻲﻤﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ لﺼﻔﻨﻴ ﻻ ﺀﻲﺸ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻬﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺇ :ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ لﻭﻘﻴ .ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،(ﺕﺎﻫﻭﻴﺩـﻴﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﺠﻤﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺍﺭـﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺒﻝﺍ)ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻎﻴﺼ ﺭﺸﻨﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺸﻝ لﻬﻓ (14).(ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻋﺃ)ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻭ ﻉﺭﺴﹲﺘﺴ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ
؟ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ لﻫﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺭﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ
ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ
،ﻕﺩـﻐﻤﻝﺍ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻝﺂﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺭﺎﻜﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺯﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫﺒ ﺩﻝﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻭﻴ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺩﻝﻭ ﺩﻘﻝ
،ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ "ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ" ﻡﺴﺍ ﺱﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺎﻜﺭﻭﺩ ﻕﻠﻁﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ لﺎـﺜﻤ ﻁﺴﺒﺃﻭ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ/لﻴﻠﺤﺘ :ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹲﻨﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﻙﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺒﻁﻋ ﻩﻭﻜﺸﺘ ،ﻲﻜﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﺘﺭﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻙﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ -ﺎﻬﺠﻝﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ – ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺒﻭ ،(ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ /ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ) ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻑـﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﺭـﺼﺎﻨﻋ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﺒ ،ﺎﻬﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻔﻴﻓ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﻜﻔﻴ ؛ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻕﻼـﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻜ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻝ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﺡﺍﺭ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﺠﺌﺎـﺸﻭ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻜﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﻪﺒﺁ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺦﻝﺍ..ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻪﻴﻭﺸﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻜﺸﺒ
.ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻰﻨﺒ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺘﺒ لﻼﺨ ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ ،ﻙﺭﺎﻤﻻﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻤ ﺩﺠ ﺭﺴﻨﺒﺴ ﺕﺭﺒﺭﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭـﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩـﻝ ﺎﹰﻜﺭﺩـﻤ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻻ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻬﺘ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻌﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺡﺎـﺠﻨﻹ ﺔﻴﻋﻭـﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭـﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ (لﺼﻔﻝﺍ) لﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻪﻔﺸﺘﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﺞﻫﺎـﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺸﻝﺍ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ
؟ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺫﺇ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ
:ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ-2-2 ﻊـﻨﻤﻴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻑﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﻠﻌﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ Hiérarchique ﻲﺒﺘﺍﺭﺘ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺩﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺱﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﹰﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ؟لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻔﻓ La complexité ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ
ﺎﻤ :com-plexus)ﺞﻴﺴﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻗﺎﻘﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻑﺸﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ
ﺙﺍﺩـﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺴﻨ ﻭﻫ-ﻑﻴﻀﻴ-ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ..ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺭﺫﻌﺘﻴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ (لﻜﻜ ﺞﺴﹲﻨ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻥـﻤ ﻪﻤﻬﻔﻨ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃﻭ (15).ﻲﺘﺍﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﻝﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﺘﺭﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻙـﺒﺤﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭـﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ،ﺞﻴﺴﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻅﺤﻼﻨﻭ ﻪﺸﻴﻌﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﻨ ﻰﺘﺤ لﻠﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ .ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺭﺒﻤ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻭﻫ (لﻴﻠﺤﺘ) ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ لﻜﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺩـﻘﹼﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ لﺒﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ لﺒ ،ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻲﺼﻘﹲﺘ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻪﻝ ﻁﺒﻀﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤ
ﺽﻗﺎـﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﺎﻬﻝﺍﺯﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻜ ﻪﻴﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ لﺒ ﺎﹰﻔﻴﺯﻤ ﺎﹰﻬﺠﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﻪﺘﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﺒ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺼ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻨ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻌﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﻅ ﻥـﻋ ﻡﻠﻜﺘـﻨ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺤﻨﻓ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻭﺘﻐﻨﻴﺘﻨﺎﻫ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺴﻠﻴﻔﻝﺍ
ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ ﻪﺒﻨﻴﻭ .ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼ
ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺏﻜﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤ ﻲﻠﺠﻴﻫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﹲﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺩﺠ
:ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺎﹰﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺱﻁﻴﻠﻗﺍﺭﻴﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﻨﻤﺎﻜ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻀﻴ لﺒ ،ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻀﻘﻴ ﺩـﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ لﻴﺒﻨ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﻪﻀﻴﻘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻝﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜﻓ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﻥﺄﺸ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ-ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ .ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ :ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺒﻭﻌـﺼ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤ ﺏﻭﺼ ﺎﹰﻤﻭﺩ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﺘ -ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ
،ﺔـﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻓﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ :ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺭﻭﻤﺃ لﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ ﺎـﻨﺘﺎﻴﺤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ .ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻑﺎـﻀﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ،ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘﻝ ﺍﹰﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﹰﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘ
(16).ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﹰﺩﻴﺯﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
:ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ-3-3 ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴـﻠﺜﻤﻤ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﺼﺼﻘﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﹰﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ Logos ،ﻥﻴـﻨﺜﺍ ﻲـﻨﻌﺘﻭ Dia :ﻥﻴﺘﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻜﹼ ﺭﻤ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ dia-logos : لﺒﺎﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻭ (17).ﺡﺭﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝ ﻭﺎﺴﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺨﻵﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﺘﻤ لﻜ لﻭﺒﻗ ﺏﻁﺎﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ .ﻥﻴﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ .ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ،dia-lectique ﻙﻴﺘﻜﻝﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘ ﺔﺒﻘﺤ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ
-ﻥﺍﺭﻭـﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ – Dialogiqueﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ (18).ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺎﺴﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺎﺤﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ
،ﺭـﺨﻵﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﺩـﺤﺃ ﻯﺫـﻐﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻠﻴﻤﻜﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻨﺎﻴﻜﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻲﻫ
،لﻐﻴﻫ ﻯﺩﻠﻓ .ﺔﻴﻠﻐﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻜﻴﻝﺎﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴﻭ .ﺎﹰﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﺎﺒﺭﺎﺤﺘﻴﻭ ﻥﺎﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻥﻼﻤﻜﻴﻭ ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ،ﺔـﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ .ﺎـﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﹰﻀﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻲﻐﻠﻴﻭ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﹰﻻﻭﻠﺤ ﺕﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺘ ﻻﺇ ﻲﻝﺩـﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻠﻝ لﺠﻴﻫ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻯﺭﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ (19) .ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﻜ لﻜﺸﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺴﺭﻷﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻨﺃ
ﻱﺭﻭـﺼ ﻕـﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺭﺒﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻴ ﺕﺎـﻫﻭﺒﺎﻁ ﻥـﻤ ﺭـﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘـﺴﺒﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
.ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻕﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺒﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻡﻴـﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍ" ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻪﺘﻔﺼﺒ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻭ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ .The feedback "ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻐﺘﻝﺍ" ﻭﺃ "ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﺘـﺴﺘ ﺔـﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺎـﻓ .Outputs ﺕﺎـﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،لﻭﺄﺒ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻭ inputs ﻲﺤﻴﺤـﺼﺘﻝﺍ لـﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ .ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻕـﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻝﺎـﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺎﹰﻘﺒـﺴﻤ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻠﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ
(20) .ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ
ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤـﻀ sous-systèmes ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺄﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔـﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ système ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻜ ﻡﻴـﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ
ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻡﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻜ ) ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻨ ﻥﻷ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻼﻓ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ .ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺩـﺤﻨ ﻥﻷ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻻﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﹰﻤﺎﻤﺘ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻤﻭ ﺔﻠﻜﱢ ﺸﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻜ (..ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ؟ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻲﻫﺃ :ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ لـﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﻭـﺠﻭﻤ ﺎـﻬﻨﻷ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ -ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻜ -ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﻲﻝﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻡﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺼﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻓ .ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻲﻝﻭﻤﺸ ﻲﻠﻜ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﻡﻬﻔﻓ ،ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺎﻓ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴﻝ
؛ﻥﻴـﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻕـﻓﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍﻭ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻭ ،لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻓﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻝﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﺒﻭﻌـﺼﻝﺍ ﻥـﻜﻝ .ﺢﻴﺤـﺼ ﺱـﻜﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺯـﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺼﻔﻨﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻝﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ -ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻓﻭﻭ – ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻁﻨﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ
.ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﺇ ﺔـﻝﺁﻭ ﻡـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﺎﹰﻘﺤﻤ ﻁﺍﺭﻘﺴ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺴﻠﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ ،ﺎﹰﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ لﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ
؟ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺯﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺀﺎﺴﺘﻴ
.ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺤ ﻱﺄﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ .ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ
:ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ-4-3
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﺎﻫﺫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺩﺎﺒﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻜ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤﺒ
؟ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ ."ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ" ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺢﺘﻔﻨﺘ ﺎـﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﻜﻝ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﻹﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ
(21).ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﻡﻅﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻤ (ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ) ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻴ
ﺔـﺌﻴﺒ ﺎـﻬﻝﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻓ ﺔـﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻨﻭﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﹰﻴﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘ ﹰﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻲﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻜﻭﻠﺴ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﹰﻌﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫﻭ .ﺔـﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻥﻭﺩﺒﻭ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻭ .ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ ﻥﻴﺃﻭ ﻑﻘﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺭﺭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ
ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﺘﺘ (ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ) ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻨﺍﺭﻴﺠ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﺼﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ لـﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ (22).ﺱﻭﻘﻁﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺏﺎﻘﻝﻷﺎﻜ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻔﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻪﻝ ﺍﹰﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺎﹰﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻱﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺎـﻤﻬﻤﻓ ﻙﻝﺫـﻝﻭ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺔﺘﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ لﻜﺸﺒ لﺎﺼﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ لﺒﻘﺘ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻁﺴﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻕﻠﻐﻤ ﻁﺴﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﹰﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﻭﺼﺘ
ﻥﺍﺫـﻫ .ﻥﺎـﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
ﺎـﻨﻝ ﻕـﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ :ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻥﻼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺎﺒ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻭﺤﺒ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺔـﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴﻓ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ .ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁـﺸﻨﺃ ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻅﻔﺤﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
،ﻁﻴـﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﺘ ،ﹰﻼﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺤﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺀﺎـﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﺭﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ .ﻙﻝﺫ ﻪﺒﺎﺸ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ،ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻭ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ﹰﻼﻴﻭـﻁ ﺭﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﻝ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ لﺜﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﻏ ﹰﻼﻴﻭـﻁ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺅﻔﻜ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻠﺸﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻫ ،ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ
(23).ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻫﺩﻬـﺸﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﺭﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭـﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﻥﺇ
ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ
.ﺎـﻬﻝ ﺔـﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﻭﺤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎـﺸﻹﺍ ﺕﻘﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ -ﻥﻴﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻴﻁﺎﺸﻨﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﻴ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻜ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﺴﻤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ؛ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﻴﻭ -ﻙﻝﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺎـﻬﺘﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻯﺩـﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﱞﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﺒ ﻲـﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻭ .ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﹰﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺓﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻭـﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ لﻭﻘﻴ .ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ،ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺨﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﺘ ﺎـﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺤﺘﻔﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ؛ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﻁﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺴ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻭﺩـﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﹰﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ ﻲﻔﻓ ؛ﺀﻲﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺎﺒ لﺼﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ .ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔـﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ .ﻁﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺘﺸﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﻝ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ،ﺍﹰﺩﺭﻔﺘ ﺩﺸﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺎﻬﺒﻋﻭﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﺘ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﺒﺘﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺎﹰﺒﻴﺭﻏ
(24).لﻼﺤﻤﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺘﻔﺘﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺘ
ﺕﺎـﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺎﻓ .-ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒﻭ- ﺎﻬﺜﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ
..ﺕﺎـﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩـﺒ لﻭﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ -ﹰﻼﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ -ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺈﺒﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺡﺭﻁﺘ ﺎﹰﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﹰﻁﻤﻨ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ (25).ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻭ .ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﻕـﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺎـﺠﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻲﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﻷ ،ﺕﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺅﻓﺎﻜﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ
(26).ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
ﻥﺃ ﺩـﺠﻨ ،ﺓﺩـﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﺇ
ﺔـﻝﺎﺤ ﺕـﺴﻴﻝ ﻊﺒﻁﻝﺎـﺒ ﻩﺫـﻫﻭ .ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﺘ ،ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝ ﺱﻜﺎﻌﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺄﺠﻠﺘ ،ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻓ .ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﺎﻘﺘﻤ ﺔـﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﺩـﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﹰﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻲﻬﻓ .ﹰﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺼﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻥـﻤ ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ ﺔـﻗﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺘـﺴﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ لﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ -ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺏﻨﺠﺘﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ -ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺩﻨﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ ﻲﻁﺎﻴﺘﺤﺎﺒ ﻅﻔﺘﺤﺘ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﹰﻼﺜﻤ ﻥﻭﻫﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺘﺨﺘ ﺎﻨﻤﺎﺴﺠﺄﻓ .ﺎﹰﻀﻴﺃ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎـﺤﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭﻝ ﺡﺎﺘﺭﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ .ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﻑﺎﻜ (27).ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﻥﻋ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﺘﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻘﺒ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ
:ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ-5-3 ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺄﺠﻠﺘﻭ .ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺼﻠﺨﺘ ﻰﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺏﺎـﻴﻐﺒﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻘﻠﻐﻨﺍ ﻰﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﺘﺠﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔـﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔـﻘﻠﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻔﺘﺨﻴ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻱﺭﺼﻨﻋ
.ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﺴﺘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘﺘ ،ﺔﻏﺭﻔﻤ ﺎـﻬﺒ ﺩﻭـﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ L'historicité ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺀﻲـﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺒﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ La singularité ﺩﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﺔـﻅﺤﻝ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺔﻅﺤﻠﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﺘﻴ
.ﺓﺩﻴﺭﻓ
ﺔـﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥـﻤ ﺀﺯـﺠ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ لﻭﺤﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻭ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ لـﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ لﻜ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﻜﻝ .The feedback ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻫﻭ ،Entropieﺎﻴﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺭﺸﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﺨﺩﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩـﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤﻓ .ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ لﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﻉﻭﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁ ﻕﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻪﻤﺴﺠ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﹰﻼﻠﺨ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻭـﺼﻴﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ،ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ .ﺏﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤ
ﻥـﻜﻤﻴﻭ (29)(28).ﺎﻫﺭﺩـﺼﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻗﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻭﻤﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴﻭ ،ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺠﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻪﺌﺎﻨﺒ
ﻁـﻘﻓ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻜﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ
.لﻼﺤﻤﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﹰﺭﻭﻓ ﻪﺒ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ
:ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ-6-3 ﻲـﻓ ﺩﺭـﻔﺘﻤ ﻭـﻫ ﺎـﻤ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﻅﻨ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺭـﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺭـﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﻩﺭﻀﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﺘﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﹺﺭﺎﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ لﻜ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﻴﺘﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺌﺠﺎﻔﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ
،ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻕﻤﻌﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﺎﺼﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﻱﻷ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ (ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ)ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺜ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺍﹰﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﺒﻭ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ (30) .ﺎﹰﻨﺍﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻷ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﹰﻤﻌﻔﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻷ ﺍﹰﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ
ﻥﺫﺇﻭ ،ﺎﹰـﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﹰـﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺓﺭﻤﺜ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ
(31).ﺎﹰﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﹰﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﻥﺴﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﺫﺨﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻗﺎﻠﹼﺨ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔـﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻪﻨﺇ لﺒ ،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﺜﺍﺭﺘﻝ ﺎﹰﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ
-ﻱﻭﻴﺩ ﻥﻭﺠ ﺏﻫﺫ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ (32) .لﻴﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺏﺎﺤﺭ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﹰﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻨﺴ
ﺩﻝﻭﻨﺭﺃ ﻩﺎﻁﻋﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ Interaction لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻤﺜ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ -ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎـﻅ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﻨﻭ (33).ﺎﻬﻝ ﻪﺘﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺤﺘ ﺓﺭﻤﺜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﻨﻴﻭﺘ
.ﻲﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﺼﻭﺼﺨ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹰﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻜ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻭﻫ لﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺹﻠﺨﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻭـﻫ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﻭﺒﺎﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺔـﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺒ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺕﻠﺤ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﹰﻴﺩﺠﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺩﻴﻠﺘ لـﻌﺠ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﺘﺴﺒﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻪﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﺕﺯﺠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺯﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻪـﺘﻘﻘﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﻴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﻤﺨﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺥﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ .لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ
.ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ .ﺦﻝﺍ.. ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﻭﻤﻐﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠ ﺩﻗ ﻪﺘﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻜ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
.ﻡﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﺴﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻔﺸﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻌﺘ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ
.2009 ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ ،(xxx.xxxxxx.xxx) :ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺒﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺵﺍﻭﱠﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ :ﺱﻜﺭﺠ ﺱﻴﻗ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ -(1
23ﺹ ،2008 ،xxxxxx ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻗﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ :ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﻰﻀﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ :ﻙﻴﻠﻏ ﺱﻤﻴﺎﺠ -( 2
.ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻭ
.ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 3 4)- Xxxxxx Xxxx : Emergence, complexité et dialectique, Xxxxx Xxxxx, Paris, 2005, pp. 20-21.
5 )- Xxxxx Xxxxxx: comprendre la complexité: introduction à la méthode d’Xxxxx Xxxxx, édition 2, presses université Laval, 2005, p.26.
6 )- Ibid.
7)- Dictionnaire des idées & Notions en Sciences de la vie et de la Terre, Encyclopaedia Universalis, 2014.
8)- Xxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx : Autour du temps ; apprentissage, espaces, projets dans les sports collectifs, PUF, 2009, p. 141.
9)- Cité par Xxxxx Xxxxxx : comprendre la complexité, Op. Cit., p.05.
10)- c’est a dire deux fourches
ﺭﺒﻤـﺴﻴﺩ ،(xxx.xxxxxx.xxx) :ﻲـﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻊـﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺒﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺵﺍﻭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ :ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ -(11
.2003
ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -(12
ﺹ،2001 ،0x ،ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ،ﺕﺍﺩـﻴﻭﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ،لﻴﻠﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ لﻴﻠﺨ:ﺕ،2 ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ،ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻻﻻ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ :ﺩﻨﻻﻻ ﻱﺭﺩﻨﺍ -( 13
.1341
.105ﺹ ،2012 ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺃ ،لﺯﺤ ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ :ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ؟ﺔﻴﻭﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺴﻨ لﻫ :ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ -( 14
،ﺏﺭـﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎـﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩـﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺎﻘﺒﻭﺘ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺠﻭﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻨﻤﻭ ﺭﺍﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ :ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ :ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ -( 15
.17ﺹ ،2004 ،1ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ
.129-128 ﺹ ﺹ ،2001 ﺭﻴﺎﻨﻴ ،265 ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ :ﻲﻠﻋ لﻴﺒﻨ -( 16
.205ﺹ ،2004 ،xxxxxxx ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ :ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻤ -( 17
.11ﺹ ،2008 ،xxxxx ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻗﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ :ﺵﻭﻏ ﻥﻭﻤﻴﺭ -( 18
،2009 ،xxxxxx ﺔـﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﻲـﺒﻅ ﻭﺒﺃ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ،ﻲﺤﺒﺼ ﺀﺎﻨﻫ :ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ،ﺞﻬﻨﻝﺍ :ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ -( 19
.349ﺹ
.37ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ :ﻡﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ -( 20
.110ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 21
.36ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 22 23 )- Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx: Esthétique et épistémologie du naturalisme abstrait; avec Xxxxxxxxx, rêver et peindre les éléments, Editions L'Harmattan, 2005,p.236.
.104ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ؟ﺔﻴﻭﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺴﻨ لﻫ :ﻥﺍﺭﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻏﺩﺇ -( 24
.37ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ :ﻡﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ -( 25
.38ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 26
.39 -38 ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 27
.77ﺹ ،1996 ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻁﻋ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻠﻝ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ :ﺯﻴﻔﻴﺩ.ﺱ.ﺏ -( 28
.37ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ :ﻡﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻴﺅﻤ -( 29
30)- Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx: Théorie du déterminisme causal, L'Harmattan,2006,p.121.
.48ﺹ ،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ،1998ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ ،237 :ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ :ﺱﻨﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ -( 31
.227 ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 32
.225ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ -( 33
ﻕـــﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻯﺩــﻝ
ﻱﻭﺎﺘﺨﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺠﻝﻭﺒ.ﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ (ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
:ﺹﺨﻠﻤ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻌﺴ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻨﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻨ ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ 484 ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻨﻭﻜﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ
:ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻼﻝ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﻁ
ﺢﻝﺎـﺼﻝ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ✓
.ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴـﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ✓
.ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ✓
.ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ
Abstract:
This study sets up to investigate the relationship between psychosomatic disorders and adjustment with its psychological, social,and familial dimensions.
The simple contains 484 students from oran university including both genders fifty percent of them are normal, the other 50% are not, two test were administered to the simple. The first one is concerned with psychosomatic disorders while the other test is about adjustment the results were as follows:
-There are statistically significant differences between normal students and those with psychosomatic disorders in psychological,social adjustment in favour of normal students. Concerning familial adjustment it was in favour of students with psychosomatic disorders.
-There are statistically significant differences between students with weak psychosomatic disorders and those with severe ones in psychological and social adjustment in favour of the first category of students. and in favour of the second category of students concerning familial adjustment.
-There are not statistically significant differences between students in adjustment with its psychological ,social and familial dimensions according to the difference in the types of psychosomatic disorders
ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﻕـﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﻜﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ
ﺕﺫـﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻋﺭـﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻋ ﺵﻴﻌﻨ ﺎﻨﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺒ ،ﺔﺒﻁﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺕـﻤﻋﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﻭﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺤﺎﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺎﺴﻭ ﻉﺩﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺩﺎﻴﺩﺯﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ . ﺎﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻌﻝ ﺩﻬﻋ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺯﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻏﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﻋﺎﺸ ﺭﺜﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻘﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ
ﻥﻴﺩﺩﺭـﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ % 60-40 ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﺒﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ ﺫﺇ،ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺕﺩﺍﺩﺯﺍﻭ
ﺎـﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ لـﻜﺒ ﺽﺍﺭـﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ % 75-50 ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ . (Xxxxxxxx.1986.237 ) ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻲـﺸﻔﺘ ﻰـﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩـﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻱﻭﺎﻜﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻭـﻤﺤﻤ) ﻉﺍﺩـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺕﻼﻬﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺏﻴﺒﻁ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻑﺭﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﺌﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ 1984 ﺔﻨـﺴ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻯﺩﺤﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ .(1964.135.ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﺸﻴﻭ .ﺎﻴﻭﻨﺴ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﺒ 150 ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﻥﻭﺒﻴﻐﺘﻴ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﻼـﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻘﻔﻨﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﺄـﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺽﻴﻭـﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﻠﻁﻭ ﺔـﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺽﺎـﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ
.( Tang.j.1992.23 )
ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻼﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻤﻠﻨ ﺔﻜﺒـﺸ ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺍﺩـﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﻥـﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺤﺎﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻋﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﺭﻋ ﻡﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ
.ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﺒ ﺽﺤﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﻁﺨﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ .ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭـﻨﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﺼﻘﻨﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻪﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻭ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻻﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ -
؟ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ -
؟ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ لﻫ -
؟ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻜﺸﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ -
.ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ -
.ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ -
.ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
:ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ لﻠﺨ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ :ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ o
ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻔﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻔﻴ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺭﺍﺭﺼﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻪﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻝ ﺏﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻ ﺎﻤﺎﺘ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﺨﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ :ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ o
.ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﺨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺭﺘﻘﺘ
ﻡـﺴﺘﺘ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﻼﺼ ﺩﻘﻋﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ :ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ o
.ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻔﻜﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻁﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﺘﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻪﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻭﻫ :ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ o
.ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻠﺼﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ :ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ o
.ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ
ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻠﺼﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ: ﺩﺎﺤ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ o
.ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻠﺼﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ :ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ o
.ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ
:ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
ﻡﺩـﻋﻭ ﻑﻭـﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺘ ﺩﻗ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ
.ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻜﻝ، ﺎـﻤ ﺩـﺤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜﻭ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺒﺒﺴﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺎﺒﺭﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻨﺇ ﻯﺭﺠﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ.ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﻲﻬﻓ
:ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﻠﻤﻝ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ. ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻪﻔﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒـﺒ ﺔـﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ (171.1984) ﻲـﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ •
لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺨـﺸﺘ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺘـﺸﺍﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﻨﻴﻠﻜﻻﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻭﻜﺸﻴ ﻻ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻨ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ (30)ﻥﻴﺜﻼﺜ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺽﺭﻤ ﻱﺃ
:ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ✓
.ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ *
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺤ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ✓
: ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ
.ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ *
.ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ * ﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﻔﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ
،ﺞـﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻭﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﺏﺍﺭﻁـﻀﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺎـﺒ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻭﻔﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ
.ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺨﻭﺯﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ
ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ( 77.1981) ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ • ﺔـﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺩـﺼﻗ ﻪﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻻﺍ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻭـﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻀﺭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺌﺎـﺘﻨﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻭ .ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺍﻭﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ
.ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﺠﻭﺒ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺸ
ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﺍ لﻗﺃ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺩ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﻁﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻀﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺸ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﺠﻭﺒ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺸﺒ ﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ
.ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺸﻜﻭ
.ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ لﺍﺩ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﻲـﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎـﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻋ (277.1985 )لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ • ﺩﺍﺭـﻓﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ لﻗﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ لﻭﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻥﻬﻤﻭ ﻥﺴ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎـﺒ ﻕـﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺕﺍﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻲـﻓ لـﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ
ﻩﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ . ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻪﻝﻭ ﺭﺩﻘﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﻌﺸﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺤﻭﺘﻭ ﻪﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺎﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻌﺸ
:ﺔﺴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ
لﻗﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ :ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ⮚
.ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ
ﻻﺍﺩ ﺍﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﺕﺯﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻨﺭﻭﻜ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻴﺒ : ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ⮚
ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺴﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻁﺒﺎﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ
.ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺀﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻬﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺕﺎﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ :ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ⮚
ﻲﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﻌﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﺃﻭ،ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ لﻗﺃ ﺍﻭﺩﺒ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺱﻜﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻡﻬﺌﻼﻤﺯ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ
.ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻻﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻗﺃ ﻡﻬﻨﺃ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴـﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ لـﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ (220.1988) ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻏ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ •
ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺕﻠﻤﺸﻭ ﺎﺜﺎﻨﺇﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﻜﺫ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﺒ ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ
.ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍﻭ،ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺎﻘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻸﻝ لﻨﺭﻭﻜ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺎﻨﻻﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺙﺎﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺩﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻜ . ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻀﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺕﻌﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ
.ﺫﻴﻤﻼﺘﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺩـﻨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﻨ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺩﻫ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
. ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻏﻭ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ
.ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺕﺴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ
ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ
.ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻭ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺩـﻤﺤﻤ ﺎـﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ 484 ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﻨﻭﻜﺘ ﺭﺎـﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩـﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻋﺯﻭﻤ ،ﻑﺎﻴﻀﻭﺒ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻨ لﻜﺸﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ
.ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻨﻭ
:ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ
: ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻀﺭﻋ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻼﻝ ﺎﺴﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺃ: ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ -1
ﻯﺩـﺒﺃ ﺩـﻘﻝﻭ .ﻪﺴﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺩﻋﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻯﺩﻤ لﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺭﺁ ﺩﺨﻷ ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ 1 ﻥﻴﻤﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺨﺩﺃﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﻨﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ (36) ﻥﻴﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﺔﺘﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴﻭ
.(ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ 07) ﻱﻭﻌﻤ ﻱﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ :لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
.(ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ 08) ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ :ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
.(ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ 08) ﺔﻴﻭﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ :ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
.(ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ 06) ﻱﺩﺩﻐﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ :ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
(ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ 07) ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ :ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ
(+)ﺔﻤﻼﻋ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻘﻓ لﻜ ﻕﺎﺒﻁﻨﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺹﻭﺤﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝﻭ
:ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
.ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻊﺒﺭﺃ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ : ﺍﺩﺠ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤ
.ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﺙﻼﺜ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ : ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤ
.ﻥﻴﺘﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ :ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
.ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ :ﺍﺩﺠ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺱـﻜﻋ ﺩـﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻪـﺴﻴﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ
.ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﻌﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ
: ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ
. لـﺒ ﻡﻭـﻴﻬﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺎﻜﺤﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻪـﻴﺩﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻑﺼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻔﺼﻨ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﻁ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻤ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ
.0.01 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ لﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ 0.860 ﻥﻴﺴﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻙﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒﻓ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ
:ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ (ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ) ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ﻪﺘﻴﺤﻼـﺼﻭ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﺜ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻼﻴﻝﺩ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ 0.90 ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﻴﺒﺴ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ
.ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻠﻝ
:ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ-2 ﻥﻤ ﻪﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻨﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩﻋﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ لﺒ ﻡﻭﻴﻫ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻤﺼ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻤ ، ﻲﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻤ ، ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ :ﻲﻫ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﺴﻤﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﻴﻭ لﺍﺅﺴ 160
.ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ، ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ :ﻲﻫ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻔﺘﻜﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
.ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
:ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﻸﻝ ﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
.ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ : ﻻ
.ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻤﺸﺎﻫ .ﺃ -ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﺒﻋ .ﺃ – ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻤ .ﺃ- ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ .ﺃ : ﻡﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ -1
.ﻥﻴﺘﺠﺭﺩ ﺫﺨﺄﺘﻭ :ﻱﺭﺩﺃ ﻻ
.ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﺙﻼﺜ ﺩﺨﺄﺘﻭ : ﻡﻌﻨ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻭﺤﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﺀﻭـﺴ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺍﺭـﺸﺅﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺕﻀﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺩ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻌﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻭ .ﻪﻴﺩﻝ
.ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ
:ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ ﺎـﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺭـﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻝﺩﻋ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻡﻫﺭﻜﺫ ﻑﻝﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻼﻝ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺎـﺴﺒ ﻡﺩـﻌﻝ ﺎـﻤﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﻘﻓﺍﻭـﻤﺒ ﺽـﺤﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻓﺫﺤ ﺎﻤﻜ، ﻥﻭﻤﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺩﺒﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ
ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺤﻭﻀﻭﻭ
. ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺯﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻘﻓ 94 ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ
:ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ
ﻲﻀﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ
ﺩﻴﻋﺃ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ ﺏﺴﺤ
ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ (0.94) ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻭﺴﺭﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒﻭ .لﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﺒﺴﺃ
.ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺈﺒ ﺔﻠﻴﻔﻜ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .0.01
: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ
:ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
.ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻩﺩﺎـﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔـﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺭـﺠﺍ ﻡـﺘ ﻥـﻤﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻴﻭـﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ
ﻙﻝﺫ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ (1) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍﻭ "ﺕ" ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ (1) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ
ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ | ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ | "ﺕ"ﺔﻤﻴﻗ | ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ | ﻥﻭﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ | ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ | ||
ﻉ | ﻡ | ﻉ | ﻡ | |||||
ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ | 0.01 | 482 | 3.55 | 15.40 | 62.38 | 16.23 | 57.27 | ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ | 0.01 | 482 | 3.87 | 15.17 | 63.92 | 15.94 | 58.44 | ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ | 0.05 | 482 | 2.33 | 11.99 | 67.18 | 14.66 | 70.03 | ﻱﺭﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺠﺭﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ (1) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺤ "ﺕ" ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻎﻠﺒﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ، 0.01 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﺀﻭـﻀ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ. 0.05 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﻻﺍﺩ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻕﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ
.ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻜ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩ لـﺜﻤ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔـﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻜﺅﻴﻭ ﻥﺎﻌـﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﻭﻋ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ، ﻰـﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﻨﻴﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ (77.1981) ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﻻﺍ ﻥـﻤ لـﻜﻭ ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﺨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺌﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ (505.2000) ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺕﻠـﺼﻭﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ (216.1988) ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻏ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ ، ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ
.ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ لﻗﺃ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺤﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ (171-1984)ﻲﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ
.ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﺯـﺘﺍ لـﻗﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺍﻭﺩﺒﻴﻭ ،ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻘﺘﻔﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎـﻴﻭﻁﻨﻤ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﺘﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻩﺩﻘﻔﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﻭ .ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺯﻌﻨﻤ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺍﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻙﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ (Alexxxxxx X.0000.236) ﺭﺩﻨﺴﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ
.ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺎـﺒ ﺔـﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﻲﺸﺒ ﻱﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻴﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﺀﺍﺭﺜﻝﺎـﺒ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺎـﺒ ﻪـﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺯـﻴﻤﺘﺘﻭ، ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻋ لﻗﺃﻭ ﺎﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﺍﻭ ﺎﺠﻀﻨ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ، ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ
.ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻰـﻀﺤﻴ ﺩـﻗ ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺒﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﻭـﺠ ﻪﻝ ﺊﻴﻬﺘﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ ﻑﻁﻠﺒ ﻪﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻭ ﻑﻁﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻁﻴﺤﺘﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﺒ ﻑـﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ لـﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﻪﺘﺎﺴﺄﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻠﻘﻴﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻔﺨﻴﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺅﻠﻤ ﺎﺤﻴﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﺌﺎـﻀﺭﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ لـﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻁﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺒ ﻡﻌﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ . ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺍﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﺨﺩﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﺏﻨﺠﺘﻭ
.ﺎﻴﻀﺭﻤ ﺎﻴﺭﺴﺃ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻪﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ لﻼﻘﺘـﺴﻻﺎﺒﻭ ﺔـﻘﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻭﻗ ﺍﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻲﻤﻨﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔﺤﺼﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻱﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺎﻓ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻑﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﺩـﺒﻋ ﻥﺍﺭـﻫﺯ)ﻥﻴﺩـﻝﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺩﺎـﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺭﺭـﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺏﻏﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻉﺯﻨﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﻁﺘ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ .(373.1977.ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﻴﻭ ﻪـﺘﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﺏـﺴﺎﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻕﺸﻴﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻍﻭﺼ ﻥﻴـﺒﻭ ﻪـﻨﻴﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﻔﺘ ﺀﻭﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ . ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺍ
ﺭﺩﺎـﺼﻤ ﻭـﺤﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻀﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﺯﻔﺤﻴﻭ ﺔﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ
.(1982-324ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺓﺯﻤﺤ )لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺘﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ
.ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘـﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺤﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ
.ﻙﻝﺫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍﻭ "ﺕ" ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ
ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ (2) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ
ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ | ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ | ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ | "ﺕ"ﺔﻤﻴﻗ | ﻥﻭﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ | ﻥﻭﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ | ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ | ||
ﻉ | ﻡ | ﻉ | ﻡ | |||||
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ | 0.01 | 118 | 4.13 | 16.54 | 51.38 | 14.69 | 63.18 | ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ | 0.01 | 118 | 4.27 | 16.13 | 53.38 | 14.60 | 65.38 | ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ | 0.01 | 118 | 3.16 | 15.43 | 74.62 | 18.30 | 64.85 | ﻱﺭﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
.ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ (2) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝﻭ 0.01 ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭﻴـﺸﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ .ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻁﻴـﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ
.0.01 ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥـﻤ ، ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻨ ﻕـﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ
.ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ .ﺩﻴﻌﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻼﻝ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺓﺩـﺤ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻝﺩ ﺎﻁﻴـﺴﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍﻭ .ﺭﺒﻜﺃﻭ ﺩﺸﺃ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﻨﺎـﻌﻴ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺹﺨـﺸﻝﺎﻓ .ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺍﻭﺩﺒﻴﻭ .ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ
ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﻨﺎـﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺓﺩﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﻙﻝﺫـﻝ ﺎـﻌﺒﺘ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤ لﻘﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒﺭﻘﻝﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ .ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ
.ﻱﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﻴﻭ ﻱﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻴﻝ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻋ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺱـﻔﻨ ﺹـﺨﻴ ﺎـﻤﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺠﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻥﻭﻔﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻻ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﺒ ﺓﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ .ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺩﺎـﺤ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺒﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻭ ،ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻷ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺢﻠﺼﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺎـﻤﻭ ﺍﺩﺎﺤﻭ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ.ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺘﻴ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻠﻴﻤﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻁﻋ ﻱﺩﺠﺘﺴﻴﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻵﺍ ﺏﻋﺭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺠﻨﻴ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﻐﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻬﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﻴـﺤﻴ ﻥﻤﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﻨﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺤﻨﻤﻭ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺕﺎـﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻥﻴﻭـﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ .ﻡﻬﺒ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻡﻬﻌﻓﺩﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺀﺎﺒﻵﺍ لﺒﻘﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺍﻭﻜﺭﺩﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﺄﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻫﺭﺴﺃ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻥﻴﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
.ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ
:ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ
.ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺤﺼ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻ
ﻥﻴﺒﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ
:ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ (3) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠ
.ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻻﺍ | "ﻑ"ﺔﻤﻴﻗ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ | ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ | ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ | ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ | ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ |
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 0.351 | 58.287 | 4 | 233.149 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ | ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
166.096 | 237 | 39364.703 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ | |||
241 | 39597.851 | ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ | ||||
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 0.308 | 44.270 | 4 | 177.082 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ | ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
143.856 | 237 | 34093.860 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ | |||
241 | 34270.942 | ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ | ||||
ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺭﻴﻏ | 1.940 | 345.811 | 4 | 1383.245 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ | ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ |
178.266 | 237 | 42249.106 | ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ | |||
241 | 43632.351 | ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ |
ﺔﻴـﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ (3) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺒﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ
.ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺎـﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺕـﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﻨ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺴﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺏﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ لﻜﺒ ﻡﻬﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁـﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ .ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺏﺎﺠﻴﻻﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩـﻌﻨﺘ ،ﻯﺫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻪﺒﺒﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩﺒﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺽـﻐﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﻴﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺽﺎﻌﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤ ﻡﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ xxxxx ﻪـﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘ لـﻌﺠﻴﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ) ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻪـﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻘﺴﺘﻤ ﺕﺩﺒ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ. ﺍﺩﻬﺠﻤﻭ ﺎﺒﻌﺼ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﺎﺒ ﺏﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴـﺼﺨﺸ ﺕـﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ (1988ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠـﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻏ ،1990 ﺩﻴﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺕﺤﺩﻤ ،1980ﺔﺸﺎﻜﻋ ﻕﻭﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ (140.1994) لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺍﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ، ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻜﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ
ﺦﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺼﻻﺍﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ
ﻥـﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺎﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﺎﻌﺠﺍﺭ لﻴﻨﻝﺍ
.ﺭﺨﻵ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺕـﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻤﺎﻬﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺍ لﻜﺸﺘﺴ ﻩﺩﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺄﺒ لﻭﻗﺍ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ (1988) ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻏ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻜ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ
.ﻁﻘﻓ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ (1994)لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﻋ ﺕﺍﺯﻬﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ
:ﺕﺎﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ
:ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭـﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ -1 ﻉﻭـﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎـﻴﺩﺯﻻﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺫﺨﺁ ﺎﻨﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﺒﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ
.ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺎـﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺌﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺒ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﻁﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺍ-2 ﺍﺫـﻫﻭ، ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺼ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻴﺃ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻭﻬﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻡﻬﺘﻗﺎﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇﻭ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻼﻝ
.ﻕﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ
:ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ
.ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ :ﺭﺼﻤ .ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ .(1985) .ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ -1
.ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ :ﺭﺼﻤ .لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ .ﺔﺒﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ.(1994) .ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ -2
ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ :ﺭﺼﻤ .ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ .(1994) .ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،لﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ -3 ﻯﺩﻝ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻡﺅﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺅﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ .(2000) .ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﺩﻴﻭﻋ ،ﻥﺎﻌﺸﻤﻝﺍ -4
.ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺸﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ . ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻁ ﺏﻼـﻁﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ .(1964) .ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ -5
.ﺭﺼﻤ :ﺱﻤﺸ ﻥﻴﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﻫﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ . ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ :ﺭﺼﻤ.(4ﻁ) .ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ.(1080) .ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﺔﺸﺎﻜﻋ -6 ﺩـﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ .ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺞﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺴﺒﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺼﻌﻝﺍ .(1981) .ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﻕﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻜ ،ﻲﻠﻋ -7
.ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ .لﻭﻷﺍ
.ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ :ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ .(4ﻁ) .ﺔﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻔﻁﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ .(1977) .ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻫﺯ -8 ﺔﻝﺎـﺴﺭ .ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻼـﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ .(1988) .ﺓﺩﺎﻏ ،ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ -9
.ﺭﺼﻤ :ﺱﻤﺸ ﻥﻴﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ
.ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ :ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ.(2ﻁ) .ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻵﺍ ﺩﺎﺸﺭﺍ .(1976).ﺓﺯﻤﺤ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ -10 ﻯﺩـﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭـﺴﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁـﻀﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ .(1984) .xxx xxxxx ،ﻲﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -11
.ﺭﺼﻤ : ﺱﻤﺸ ﻥﻴﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ، ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ .ﻥﻴﻘﻫﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ. ﻡﻬﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﻡﻬﻘﻓﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﺭﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ .(1992) .ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻑﺴﻭﻴ -12
. 4/3 ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ،
:ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ
1-Xxxxxxxx, P et Xxxx, C. (1986). Managing Organizational behavior. Mass ; Addison. Wesley publishing company.2-Xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx. (1987). the mechanism of Biphasic defencein psychosomatic disease. international journal of psychoanalysis ,vol 49.
3-Xxxx , j et Xxxxxxxxxx, M. (1992). the effects of hardiness ,police stress and life stress on police officersillnes and absentecism .public personel management.
:ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺏﺎﺤﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ
ﺔﻴﻫﺯ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺒ .ﺃ
،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒ
ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ
CNRPAH
Abstract:
Beyond its vital importance, water plays a major role in the rituals of body maintenance. From an anthropological point of view, as well as religious and moral, water means fertility, beauty, cleanliness and purification. Although a collective “water-phobia” existed during the medieval times, it did not prevent the Hammam or steam bathing tradition from surviving in the Mediterranean basin. The practice was known since antiquity when the Greek and Roman civilizations idealized the human body. Under the Ottoman Empire, the Hammam remained a temple of spirituality and aesthetics thanks to the moors who gave it a style and an architecture which is appreciated in North Africa up until today.
Résumé:
Au-delà de son importance vitale, l’eau occupe une place majeure dans les rituels de l’entretien du corps. D’un point de vue anthropologique, religieux et moral, l’eau est fertilité, beauté, propreté et purification. Bien que l’époque médiévale ait connu une «phobie collective » de l’usage de l’eau, cela n’a pas entièrement entravé la tradition du bain dans le bassin méditerranéen, incarnée dans la pratique du « hammam ». Connu depuis l'antiquité par les civilisations qui ont idéalisé le corps telles que la civilisation grecque et la civilisation romaine, l’espace du hammam n’a cessé d’être un monument de spiritualité et d’esthétique sous la gouvernance ottomane grâce au savoir-faire des maures qui lui ont donné un style et une valeur architecturale connu au Maghreb jusqu’au jour d’aujourd’hui.
: ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻐﺸﻴ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻜﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺭﺍﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻰﺤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻘﻁ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺯﻤ ﻁﻴـﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴﻝ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ "ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺏﺎﻫﺭ" ﻑﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻗ ،ﻡﻴﺩﻗ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤﻓ .ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺴﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﺎﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﺩﻗ
.ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻜﺸ ﻪﺘﻁﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺍ ﺔﻠﺤ ﻪﺴﺒﻝﺃ
،ﻁﻴـﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭـﺼﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺎـﻤﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﺭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ : ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
... ،ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤ
:ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
،ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ .ﻲﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﺍﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ
.ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩـﻘﺘﻌﻤ ﻡﺎـﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﻋ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ
ﺭﻴﺒﺩـﺘﻝﻭ ﺎﻫﺀﺍﺫـﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺭﺸ لﺠﻷ ،1ﻊﻴﺒﺎﻨﻴﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﻵﺍ xxx ،ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ لﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻏﺄﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ
.ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ xxxx ﻡﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺅﺸ
ﺔـﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻕـﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺹﺼﻘﺒﻭ ﺔﻫﻭﻝﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ،ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩـﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺫـﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻗﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﺯﻤﺭ ﻪﻝ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﺒﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎـﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﻌﺸ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ لﺠﻷ ﺎﻤﺇ ،ﻥﺭﺩﻭ ﺱﺠﻨ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ،ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ
.ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻬﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻘﻁﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺔﻨﻴﺯﻝﺍ لﺠﻷ
:لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﺤﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .I
لﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .1
ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،ﻙﻼﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻨﺠﻴﻭ ﻪﻅﻔﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﺩﺠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲـﻓ .ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺯﺯﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻻﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ
ﺀﺍﺫـﻏ ﻥـﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ" ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ « Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx » لﻭﻘﺘ ،ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ
ﺩﺩـﺤﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻭ ،...ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺯﻭ ﺔﻀﺎﻴﺭﻭ
ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ xxxx ،ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ .2"«l'hygiène de vie »ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤ ﻁﻤﻨ
،ﻲـﻓﻼﻏ
،ﹲﻕﻠﹶﺘﹶﹾﺨﻤ ،ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ" ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺘﻭ ،"(ﺓﺭﺸﺒ ﻥﻤ) ﻱﺭﺸﺒ ،ﻲﻘ ﹾﻠﹶﺨ ،ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁ " ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
."ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺒﻝ
ﻥـﻋ ﻲﺠﻭـﻝﻭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺔﻘﻠﹶﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ،ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻀﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺫﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻬﻴﺯﻨﺘﻭ ﻩﺭﻴﻬﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﻔﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ xxxx
.ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ،ﻡﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺩ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﻴ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ :لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ .1
،"ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ" ،"لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ" ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻡﺩﻋ ،ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺭﻬﻅ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﺏﺘﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﺴﺠ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ .ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ،"ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ"ﻭ "ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ" "ﺓﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ -ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ" ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﻑﻼﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻠﺠ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻤ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﺘ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺩـﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﻔﻴ ﺩﻗ ، لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ .« le corps – peau » ﻱﺃ
لـﺴﻏ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﻔﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ" ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺱﻜﻌﺒ ،ﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﺩﻴﻔﻴ ﺎـﻬﺠﻭﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻪﺘﺃﺭﻤﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ لﺴﻏﻭ" .ﺡﺎﻜﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ لﺴﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ،ﻼﺴﻏ ﺎﻬﻠﺴﻐﻴ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ،ﻡﺤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻡﻤﺤﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻫﺫﻭ لﺴﺘﻏﺍ" ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .3 "لﺴﻐﹸ ﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
.ﻪﺘﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻨ ﻭﺃ ،4ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ
ﺔﺴﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻬﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻭﺎﻤﺴ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨ "ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ" ﻥﺃ "ﻱﺭﻭﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺴﺇ ﺩﺍﺅﻓ" لﻭﻘﻴ .ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﻭﻋﺩﺘﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺭﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺫﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻉﻭﻨ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ .ﻥﺎﻴﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻋﺭﺘﻭ ﻊﺌﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻔﺘ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻴﻨﻴﺩ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻰﺤﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠ ﺕﻻﻭﻝﺩﻤﻝ ﺽﻴﻘﻨ ﺎﻓﺭﻁ ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .5" ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎـﺘﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﺘﻝﻭﻷﺍ .ﺓﺭﺍﺫﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﺘﻭ .ﺔﺴﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻝﻹﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺎﻓ" .ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﺘﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﺘﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ،"ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺎﺒ" ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺯﻴﻓﺎﺘﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎـﺘﻠﻜ ﺎﻬـﺴﻜﻌﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒﻭ .ﻻﺎﺴﺘﻏﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺭﻫﺎـﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪـﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ،ﻥﺎﺘﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺎﻓ .ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻲﻫ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .6"ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭـﻅﻨ ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘﻭ
.7"ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ
ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻰﺘﺸﻝ ﺀﺎﻁﻏ "ﺱﺠﻨﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻁ" ﺎﺘﻅﻔﻝ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﺩﻘﻝ :لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻠﻝ « Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx »ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ
،ﺔـﺘﻭﺎﻔﺘﻤ ﺏﺴﻨﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﺠﺭﺘ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻨﻤﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺼﺃ ﻥﺍﺭﻴﺜﺘ ﻥﻻﺍﺯﺘ ﻻ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻜﻝ .ﺕﺎﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺄﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ .8"ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺸﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﺴﻔﻴ ﺀﻲﺸﺒ ﻪﺘﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻁﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ (...) ﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺎﻓ ... ﻥﺒـﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻌـﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ .ﺔﺴﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻰﻨﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻘﻠﺨﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ .9ﻙﻼﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﻌﺘﻭ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻫﻼﺒﻝﺍﻭ
،ﺩـﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔـﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻪـﺒ ﺩـﺼﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ :لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ
.لﺎـﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻤﻫﻼﻜﻭ .ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻘﻁﻭ ﺩﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﻼﻤﺎـﻜ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻁﻐﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺴﻭﻘﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻼﻝ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻬﺒﻝﺎﻏ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺎﻌﻤ ﻼﺜﻤﻓ
.ﺎﻬﻤﺤﺭ ﺀﺎﻤﺒ ﺍﺭﻭﻤﻐﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺩﻌﺒ ،ﻪﻤﺃ ﻪﺘﺩﻝﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻜ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺤﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻁﻐﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ .ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻲـﻨﻴﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻤﻴﺘﻴﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻜﻠﺴﻤ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ
ﺕـﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻗ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ toilette"ﺕﻴﻝﺍﻭﺘ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩ لﻭﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ،"faire sa toilette" لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ"
ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺵﺎﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻁﻗ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﻁﻤ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲـﻨﻌﺘ ﺕﺤﺒـﺼﺃ ،ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺒﻭ .« toaillette »ﻭﺃ« toaille »ﻰﻤﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻴﺃ ﺢﺴﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﻭﺎﺴﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺭـﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨﻭ .ﻥﻴﺯﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﻠﻝﺍ لﻌﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻝ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﻡﺜ ،ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺵﺎﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻁﻗ
ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋﻭ .. ،لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ،ﻁﻴﺸﻤﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﻓ :ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ
ﻅـﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﻁﻭﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻭﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﻓ ،ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻓ ، « aller au toillette »"ﺕﻴﻝﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺎﻫﺫﻝﺍ" ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻓ
.10"ﻲﻨﻴﺩ لﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﺃ
ﺩـﺒﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺠ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ .ﺱﻭﻘﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ،لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ،ﺎﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ
ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤﻭ ،ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻭﻘﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻱﺭﻬﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻭ ...ﺔﻴﺴﻭﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ :ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺎـﻤﺤ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ،ﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ،ﺱﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻰﺠﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ،ﺱﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻭ ﺱﻴﻨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ
« "ﻩﺎـﻔﻜﹼ ﻤﻝﺍ"
ﺱﺩـﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩـﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒﻭ ،ﺕﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻝ ﺍﺅﻴﻬﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴ ﻯﺭﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ
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ﻩﺎﻔﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ ﺢﻀﻭﺘ 02 ﻡﻗﺭ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺯﺍﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ
ﺕـﻴﺒﺒ "ﻩﺎـﻔﻜﻤ"
ﺢـﻀﻭﺘ 01
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ
ﺱﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ
:11ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ .II
ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺩﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺕﻻﻼﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ لﻭﺍﺯ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﻭﺭﻅ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ،ﻡﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻜﹼ ﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ xx xxx ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺯـﺨﺘﺒ ﺢﻤـﺴﺘ ،لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﻴﻴﺸﺘ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﻘﻠﺨ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ .ﺔﻴﺨﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،(ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﻗﺎﻌﺘ) ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ :"ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" .1 "ﻡﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ،ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺌﺎﺜﻭﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ (Le bain maure) ﻲﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ (Le bain turc) "ﻲﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﺓﺭﺎـﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻐﺒﻨ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﺍﺭﺘﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻌﺘﺴﺇ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜﻓ .ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﻥﻭﻴﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻙﺍﺭﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺸ
.ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺄﻴﻬﺘﻭ ،ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﻭ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ
ﻡﺎـﻤﺤ" ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺠﺭﺘﺘ "ﻡﹾﺎﻤ ﺤ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ " :ﻡﻴﺭﻜ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ لﻭﻘﺘ ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺭـﺘﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﺒﻭﺴﻨﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ ،ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﻌﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﺤﻨﻭ ."12 Bain Maures " ﻱﺃ "ﻲﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻴﺴﻝﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ
ﺕﺎـﻐﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ .ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ،لﺼﻷﺍ ﻻ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ .ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ
ﺀﺎـﻀﻓ ﻩﺭﺎـﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ، « Étuve »
ﻕﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ ،ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ لﺜﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤﻭ ﻪﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﺘ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
.ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺜﻜ ،ﺏﻁﺭﻭ ﻥﺨﺎﺴ
ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡـﻬﻝ لﻬﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺒﻏﺭﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،لﻤﺸﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ،ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜ" ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩـﺠﻤ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻐﻴﻓ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ .لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻕﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪـﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻬﺴﺃ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﻨﺯﻴﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺎﻜ ،"ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﻪﻨﺍﺭﻤﻋﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ "ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ" ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘ ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻷﻭ ."ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺄﻴﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﻴﻝ ،"ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ،ﻙﻝﺫـﻝﻭ .ﻯﺭـﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺠﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﺒ ﺩﻴﺸﺘ ﻥﺄﺒ ،ﺭﻀﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺩﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺩﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻠﻀﻔﺘ (ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﻝﻭ) ﺓﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ
.ﻕﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﻷ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ
ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ :ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺏﺎﺤﺭ ﻲﻓ .2 ﻡﺩـﻗ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ،ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻡﻭﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ لﺎﻤﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ .ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺠﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺭﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺍﺯ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺔﻠﺤ ﺎﻬﺴﺒﻝﺃ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤ ﻻﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﺎﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ
.ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸ ﺎﻫﺎﻁﻋﺃ ،ﺎﻘﻨﻭﺭﻭ ﺍﺀﺎﻬﺒ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺕﻤﻤﺼ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻑﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻘﻝ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﺒ ﺩﻭﺯﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻨﺴ 200 ﻰﻝﺇ ،"ﻲﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻗﺭﻗ " ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ
،ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ."13ﻲﻘﻴﻨﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻴﻬﺴﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻨﺭﻓﺇ ﺏﻴﻗﺎﺒﻗ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺴﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ
" ﺕـﻨﺎﻜﻭ .ﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺭـﺸﻋ ﺔـﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻠﻤﺘ "ﺩﺎﭭﻤﻴﺘ"ﻭ "ﺓﺩﻜﻴﻜﺴ "ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﺼﺃ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﺭﺘﻤ ﻑﻻﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﺘﺤﺎﺴﻤ ﻎﻠﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ،ﻡﺨﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ،"لﺎﺸﺭﺸ" ﻱﺃ ،"ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،"ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﻱﺃ ،ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ ﻥﺃ "ﺕﻭﺩﻭﺭﻴﻫ" ﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ" .14ﺕﻴﻨﺍﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺼﻤ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭﺒ ﻡﻋﺩﻤ ،ﻊﺒﺭﻤ
."15ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ
ﺩﻴﻴﺸﺘ ﻥﻭﻨﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺩﺌﺍﺭ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨﺒ ﺎﺘﺭﻬﺘﺸﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ xxx
xxxxxx لﺜﻤ ﻪﻠﺜﻤ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎـﻬﻴﺌِﺎﻨﺒ لـﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻁﹼﻁﺨﺘﹸ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،...ﺡﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻋﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺒﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﻲﻌﻁﺎﻘﺘ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﺱﻭﻘﻁﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺯﻤﻭ ﻪﻴﻓﺭﺘﻭ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﻥﻭﻤﻴﻘﻴ ،ﻼﺜﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لـﻤﺎﻜ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻌﺴﻭﺘﺒ ﻥﺎﺘﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﺘﻠﻜ ﻪﺘﻋﺭﺯ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ... ،ﻥﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝ ﺫﺨﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺭﻴﺒﺩﺘﻭ ﺏﺤﻝﺍ
.ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ
:ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ 1.2
ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻬﺸﻝ ﺎﻬﺴﻴﺩﻘﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺍﻭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺭﺎـﻬﻨﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺤﺒ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﺒ
.ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺘﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻤﺤﺘﺴﻴ" ﺎﺘﺭﺒﺴ" لﺎﻔﻁﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﻥـﻜﺘ ﻡـﻝ ،ﺏـﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ "ﺎﻨﻴﺜﺃ" ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ
ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺄﺒ "ﺎﺘﺭﺒﺴ" لﻫﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺎﺤﻭﻤﺴﻤ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻜﺤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺔـﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﺴﻔﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻊﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺎﻤﺇ ،ﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﻥﻭﻌﻨﺎﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻥﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻍﺎﺴﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺒﻗﻭ .ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻭﺩﺭﺠﺘﻴ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺴﺒ "ﺵﺩ " ﺫﺨﺃ xxxx ﻥﻋ ﻭﺃ ،ﺱﻁﻐﻝﺍ xxxx ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻜﺸﺘ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻕﻓﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻋﺍﻭﻨ ﺕﺤﺘ ،ﺓﺍﺭﻋ ،ﻡﻬﺴﺒﻼﻤ ﺕﺎـﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﺩـﺴﺠﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ لـﻴﺜﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻫﻭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻓﺩﺘﻴ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻰـﺘﺤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ "ﺕﺎﺸﺩﻝﺍ" ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ .ﺭﻴﺯﺎﻨﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺎﻜ ،ﺔﺴﺭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﺨﺴﻴ ﻭﺃ ،ﻪﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺴﺘﻐﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺨﺴﺘﻝ ﺓﺄﻴﻬﻤ ،ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ .16"ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﺒﺴﻝﺍ
.ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﺯﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﺎـﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﺱﺎـﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻜ ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺭﻬﺘﺸﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺒﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ " Homère" ﻭﺃ "ﺱﻭﺭﻴﻤﻭﻫ" ﺭﻜﺫﻴ
ﺓﺯﻴﻜﺭ ﻕﻭﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ،لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺼﺨﻤ ﻥﻜﺭ ﻲﻓ ،ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺨﺴﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺼﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻀﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻁﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﺎﻤﺃ .17"ﻡﺌﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺜﻼﺜ
ﺊـﻠﻤﺘ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ،"vidange"لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺭﻔﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﺤﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺱﺒﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ لﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻁﻝﺍ
.ﺩﻴﻝﺎﺒ ﻍﺭﻔﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ .لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﺤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺤ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻠـﺴﻐﻴ ﺩﻴﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻴﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ xxxx xxx .ﻡﻬﻘﺘﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺴﺒ ،لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻬﻨﻼﺨﻭ ﻥﻫﺩﺎﻴﺴﺃ ﻥﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻻ ،ﺯـﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺏـﻝ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﻐـﺼ ﺕﺍﺭـﻜﺒ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻔﺠﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻌﺴﻴ ﻡﺜ ،لﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻴﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻋﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺭﺃ ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﻘﻠﺨ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺀﺎﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺠﻭ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ لﺒﻗ ،ﻼﻴﻝ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ .18"ﺵﺎﻤﻘﻝﺍ
ﺏﻫﺫﺃ" ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ،prendre un bain
"ﻡﺎﻤﺤ ﺫﺨﺃ" ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻓ .ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻜ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﺘﻝ ،ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،"ﺀﺎﺸﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻷ
:ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ 2.2
ﺽﺍﻭـﺤﺃ ﺓﺭـﻜﻓ ﻡﻬﻨـﻤ ﺍﻭﺫﺨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﺩﻬﻋ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ .ﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺯﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ
،ﻥﺎـﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﺭﻏﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ .« Balneum / Balneria » "ﺎﻴﺭﻴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ "ﻡﻭﻴﻨﻝﺎﺒ" ﻰﻋﺩﺘ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺃ ﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻻﻭ ﻕﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ،لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﺱﺒﻼﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥـﻜﻝ ،ﻪـﺘﺠﻭﺯ ﺩـﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﻬﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻴﺒﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ .19"ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ
ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ" : « Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx » لﻭﻘﺘ .ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ
ﻥﻤ لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺔﺤﺒﺍﺭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻁﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻁﺭﻔﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ .ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻥﻭﻌﻓﺩﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ لﺎﻔﻁﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻰـﻨﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﺸﻔﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻘﻋﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺘﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﻴ
ﺦﻝﺇ ...ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻠﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﺤﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺍﻭﻠﻝﺎﻜ ﺓﺫﺎﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻭـﺤ ﻪﻋﻭـﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﻭﺩـﻴ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ "ﻱﻭﺩﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ" ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺒﺨﻴ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺭـﺸﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴـﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻬـﺸ ﺀﺎـﻀﺭﻹ ﻊـﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜﻭ" :لﻭـﻘﻴ .ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﺩﻤ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ،ﺔﻓﺭﺤﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ
.21"ﺀﺎﻐﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻑﺭﻏ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،20...لﺎﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ
:ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ 3.2 لﻜـﺸﺘﻝ ﺓﺭـﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻘﺒ ﺩﻴﺸﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ "ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺠﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﺒ ﺩﻴﺸﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺭﻭﺒﻋ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺓﺭﺎـﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺄﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺦﺴﺭﺘﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ،ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ" :"ﻪﻴﻴﻝﺭﺎﻜ ﺭﻤﻋ" لﻭﻘﻴ ."22ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻴﻘﺸﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﻭﻠﻌﺠﻭ "ﻥﻴﻴﻁﻨﺯﻴﺒﻝﺍ" ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻱﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ .ﺵﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﻔﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
."23ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺱﻭﻘﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﻥﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻋﺩﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ xxxx ﻥﻋ ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﻭﻠﻘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ
لـﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﺘﻤ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ،ﻑﻌﻀ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ،24ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻝ
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺕـﻓﺭﻋ ،ﺎﻬﻗﺭﺎـﺸﻤﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﻐﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﺒﻭ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﻁﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ .ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺤﺒـﺼﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺓﺩﻭﻋ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺎﻫﺩـﺤﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒﺒ ﻪﻨﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺩﺩﻌﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻗﺭ لﻴﻝﺩﻭ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ
.ﻡﺎﻤﺤ" 3000 "ﻑﻻﺁ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺥﺫﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﻬﺸﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ،ﻲﺴﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ" ﺕﺯﺎﺘﻤﺍ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺏﺎﺤـﺼﺃ ﺄﻴﻫ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﺍﺭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼﻤﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻤﻐﻨﻻﺎﺒ ،ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ،ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻓ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝ ﺓﺭﺨﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ،لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﺭ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ
.ﻥﺎﻤﻠﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝ ﺔﻌﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻑﻼـﺨﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺩﺩﺭﺘﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ
.(ﻥﻴـﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻁﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ) ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ
ﻡـﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﻗ ﻥﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺼﻘﺘ « Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx »
ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ
.25"ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻁﻴﺤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﻥﻜﺘ لـﻜ لﺎـﺤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺴﺘﻏﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺌﺒﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﺸﻔﺘﻭ ﺏﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ،ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ .ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺍﺭﺨﺁ ﻼﻜﺸ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺘ
.ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ
:ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ "ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﺭ" .3
:ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺠﻤ 1.3
ﺯـﻴﻤﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ،ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻸﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻻﺍ ، ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻲـﻓ .ﺭﺸﻋ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺃ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻭﻝﺄﻤ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎـﻴﻁﻌﻤ ،ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﺭﻓﺃ ،ﺔﺌﺒﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﺴﻭ ،ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﺸﻔﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ
.ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻭ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺕﻐﻝﺃ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻠﺠﺴ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺩﺎـﻋﺃﻭ ،ﺡﺍﻭﺭﻷﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،"La peste" ﻙﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﺸﻔﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ
ﺓﺭـﺘﻓ ﻥﺃ
«Georges
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ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ
ﺎـﺼﻭﺼﺨ
.27"ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻘﺼﻝ" ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗ ،26ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ "ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺏﺎﻫﺭ" ﻱﺃ "ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺎﻴﺒﻭﻔﺒ" ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺼﺃ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻔﻓ
ﺭـﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﺩﻤﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺭﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻭ ﻲﺸﻔﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻥﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺘﻔﺘﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻔﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﺘﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺒﺴﻤ لﻘﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
،ﺀﺎـﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺒﻨﺘﺠﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ .ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻭﺸﺎﺤﺘﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ .ﻪﺒ ﺢﺘﻔﺘ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺤﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨ xxx xxx ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻬﻨﻷ ،ﻥﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ
.28"ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻀﺭﻋ xxxx ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻠﻝ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﺘﺭﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺤﻀﻭﺘ 04 ﻭ 03 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻯﻭﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺯﺭﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺤﺒـﺼﺃﻭ ﺕﺎـﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﻫ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﻁﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ
.ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﺎﻤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺩﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ 1450 ﺔﻨﺴ ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻡﻜﺎﺤ ﻊﻨﻤ ،ﻩﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺎﻔﺘﺒﻭ .ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺭـﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺭﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﻏ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
.29"ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﻔﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺩﺠ ﻡﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ،ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻭ ﻡﻗﺎﻔﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ لـﺴﻏ ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰـﺘﺤﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺕﻘﻠﻏﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ
.لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﺜﻴﺭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺘﻤﺍ ،ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﻭـﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻩﺯﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﻷﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﻷﻭ ،ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺤﻜ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﻴﺯ لﺌﺍﻭﺴﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻔﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺅﺠﻠﻓ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ xxxxx ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺕﻝﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ...30لﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺸ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﻤﺭﻝﺍ ،لﻭﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺢﻠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺩ ﻝﺎﻜ : ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻏ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ
...ﺱﺎﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺘﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺵﺎﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﺒ ﻑﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﻓﻭ ،ﺭﻁﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﺒ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻬﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻁ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﻀﻭﻴﻭ ﺓﺩﺸﺒ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺢﺴﻤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺭﻁﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻓ ﻪﺘﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﺇﻭ ﺔﺠﻋﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺤﺌﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺭﻁﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻁﻌﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺞﻝﺎﻌﻴ ﺱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ .ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ
ﺔـﻓﺎﻅﻨ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍ xxxx ﻥﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺘﺴﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺒﻝ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ .ﺔﻬﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺩﻝﺍ
ﻑﻴـﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺵﺎﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺘﺎﺴﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺱﺒﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﻅﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻭﺜﻝﺍ
... ،(ﺀﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻁﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻁﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﻭﺼﻝﺎﻜ) ﺀﺎﺘﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﻴﻤﺴﻭ ﺔﻨﺸﺨ ﻭﺃ (ﺭﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﹾﺎﺘﹶﺴﻝﺎﻜ) ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨ ﺏﺒﺴﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ
ﻲﻓ "لﻤﻘﻝﺍ" ﻰﺸﻔﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺥﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﺭﻓﻻﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺸﻔﺘ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺄﺒ
"L’épouillage""ﺭﻌـﺸﻝﺍ ﻲـﹾﻠﻓﹶ" ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﻥﻴﻁﺒﻹﺍ ﺕﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺃ لﻤﺎﻜ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ
ﺔـﻋﺍﺩﻭﻠﻝ ﺯـﻤﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ
«George
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ﺎﻬﻨﻋ لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﺔﺒﻭﺒﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ
ﻲﹾﻠﻓﹶ" ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ "ﻭﺘﻴﻨﻭﻤ" ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺭﻜﺫﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﻥﻴﻠﻝﺍﻭ
ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ " :ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻡﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻜﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ،"ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ "ﻥﻴـﻠﻔﻴ" ﺕﺍﻭﻤﺤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻬﺘﺎﻬﻤﺃ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ "ﻲﻠﻔﺘ " ﺕﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻥﻫﺩﺎﻴﺴﺃ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ "ﻲﻠﻔﺘ" ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻬﻗﺎﺸﻋ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ "ﻲﻠﻔﺘ" ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺔـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ 31 "...،ﺵﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻗ لﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ ﻲﻓﻭ ...ﻥﻫﺭﺎﻬﺼﺃ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ
.32"لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺜﻨﺃ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ
ﻱﺭﻭﺭـﻀﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﻁﻘﻓ ﻡﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻝﺍ لﺴﻐﻜ ،ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ،ﺎﺼﺨﺭﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺕﺎـﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﺒﻭ ،ﺏـﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺈﺒ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ،(ﻉﺎﻨﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺭﻭﻬﺸ ﺩﻌﺒ) ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊـﻠﻁﻤ ﻰـﺘﺤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﺒﻭ .ﻉﻭﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻗ ﺓﺩﻤﻝ ﺵﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺭﺎﺒﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻁﺭﺸﺒﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺒﻝ
.ﻱﺯﺍﻭﺠﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﻠﺜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﺒﻭ ﻊـﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﺃ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺓﺩﻭﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﺎﻜﻭ .ﻡﻬﻔﻴﺨﺘ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺌﻴﺸﻓ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻼﺒﻘﺘ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺩﺍﺭـﻓﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻭﻫ "ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ" ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ." ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ" ﻊﻤ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ
."33ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻴﺍﺩﺒﻓ .ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻌﻨﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲـﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻊﺠﺸﺘ ﺕﺃﺩﺒﻭ ،ﻥﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﺭﻘﺘ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ،1761 ﺔﻨﺴ
.ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺭﺠﺃ ﺀﻼﻏ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃﻭ ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻜﺤ لﻭﻷﺍ
:ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻓﺎﺠﻤ
ﺀﺍﺭـﻤﻷﺍ ﺩـﺤﺃ ﻡﻭﺩـﻗ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻭ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﺙﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ
2.3
ﺎـﻬﺘﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻓﺯﻋﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ "ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓﻭ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ" ﻑﻗﻭﻤ "ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﺇ" ﺕﺫﺤ ،ﻥﻭﻋﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺸﻔﺘﺒ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﻼﺒـﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻜﺎـﺤ ﺭﺩـﺼﺃ ﺙـﻴﺤ ،ﺍﺀﻭﺴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ،"ﻼﻴﺒﺍﺯﺍ "ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ "ﺩﻨﺎﻨﺩﺭﻓ "ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﺎﻨﺭﻏ ﻁﻭﻘﺴﺒﻭ .ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ
.ﻡﺍﺩﻋﻹﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﻴ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺩﻋﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﺘﺎﺒ ﺎﻌﻨﻤ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ،ﺎﻴﻜﻠﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﺴﺭﻤ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺩـﻘﻓ .ﺭـﻴﺜﻜﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻤﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﺒ ﺎﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺎﻔﻗﻭﻤ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﻹ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ
ﺀﺎـﻀﻘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻴﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﻡﻴﻁﺤﺘ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻑﺩﻫ ،ﻩﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ
لـﻗﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﺭـﻀﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﺎﻬﻁﻀﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﻬﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎـﻋ ﺀﺎـﻴﺤﺇ ﺓﺩﺎـﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻤﻬﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ" : «Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx » لﻭﻘﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﺩـﻋ ﻥﻭﺩـﺒ ،ﻡﺎـﻋ ﻡﺎـﻤﺤ ﺔﺌﺎﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻙﻝﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﺔﺒﻁﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ
لـﺠﻷ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺕﻌﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻤﺩ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﻹ ﻲﺒﻴﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ...لﺯﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ
ﺩﻭﻘﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﻁ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺒﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻅ ،ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ .34"ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺌﺘﺴﺍ
ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ،"ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻠﻝ" ﺯﻤﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻭﻫ ،ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺏﺒﺴﻝ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ
."35ﻡﺎﻤﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺩـﺠﻭ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻝ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﻬﻝﻭﺨﺩﻭ ،1609 ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﻴﻔﻨﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻜﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻊﻤ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ،ﺔﻴﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻴﻜﺴﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ
.ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻐﺒﻨﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﺍﻭﻤﻫﺎﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ .ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ
ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺜﺎﻌﺒﻨﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ :ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ .4
ﻥﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻋﻭﺭ ﺔﻤﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ " لﺼﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ
ﻪـﻴﻓ ﻰﻔﺘﺨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ."لﻭﺒﻨﻁﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺜ ،"ﺱﻭﺭﺠ" ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺱﺩﻨﻬﻤ ،"ﻥﺎﻨﺴ" ﺱﺩﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ لﻀﻔﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻫ ﻲـﻓ ﺩـﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺨﺴﺭﺘﻭ ﺕﺩﻜﺄﺘ ،ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻪﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﺏﺤﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺯﻔﻴ ،« Le Roi Soleil » "ﻱﻻﻭﺴ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ" ،ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ
.ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ "ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ" ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ (ﺎﻴﻜﺭﺘ) "ﻪﻴﺒﺎﻜ ﺏﻭﺘ" ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻴﻴـﺴﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻙﺍﺭﺘﻷﺍ ﺏﻌﻝ ﺩﻘﻝ
ﻲـﻔﻓ .ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻭﻁ ﻉﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻴﺎﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻊـﻤﺠ ﺎﻬﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ "لﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺎﻗ" ﺎﻬﺴﺃﺭﺘﻴ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﻼﺜﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩـﺤﻭ ﻁـﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ."36ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ
ﻑﻴﺭـﺸ ﺔـﻠﻴﺒﻨ " ﺩـﻜﺅﺘﻭ .ﺓﺭﻬﺸ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ،ﻲﻜﺭﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﺤ (60) ﻥﻭﺘﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ
ﺩﺩـﻌﺒ ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﺕﺭﻬﺘـﺸﺍ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ" :ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ "ﺝﺎﻔﺼ
. "37ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻙﻝﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺒﻌﺘﻭ ﻱﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒﻭ ﻡﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،"ﺏﺎﻘﻋ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ" ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠـﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﻪﻝ "ﻑﺴﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﺭـﺼﻗ ﻊـﻤ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺕﻠﻌﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ" :لﻭﻘﻴ .ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﺍﺯﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻑﺭﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻭﺤ ﺩﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺢﻁﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﺍﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﻻﺇ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻘﺒﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻤﺤﻝﺍ
:لﻭﻘﻴ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻥﻋﻭ ."38ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺔـﻓﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻓ ،ﺭﺨﻵ ﺭﺼﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ ﻥﺇ"
ﻊـﻗﻭﻤﻝ ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ .ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺩﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ...،ﺙﻼﺜ ﻭﺃ
ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻪﻝ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻤﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻼﻀﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻭﺎﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺤﺘﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻠﻝ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺘﻝﺍ
. 39"ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻊﻓﺭﻴ ﺹﺭﻘﺒ ﻰﻁﻐﺘ ،ﺔﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺩﺘﺴﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .ﺔﺒﻭﻁﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻨﻁﻭﻤ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﺠ ،ﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ،ﻲﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ "ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺔﺴﺩﻨﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻑﻁـﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥـﺴﺤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﻕﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﻑﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ .ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻠﻌﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎـﻤ لﻜ ﺭﻴﺒﺍﺩﺘ ﺫﺨﺘﺎﻓ .ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻗ لﻜﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘﺒ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻫﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ .ﻙﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺭـﺒﻋ ،ﺭﺎﺤ ﻭﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ
،"ﺭﺎـﻨﻝﺍ ﺕـﻴﺒﺒ" ﻙﻝﺫـﻜ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،"ﹾﻕﺎﻨﺭﻔﹶﻝﺍ" لﻀﻔﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻉﺯﻭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺨﺴﺘ ﻑﻭﺭـﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ "لـﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻤ ﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻨ xxxx xxx "ﻥﻭﺘﻷﺍ" ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴﻭ .ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﺃ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺯﻬﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺯﻭـﺘﺘﻝ ﻪـﻨﻤ ﻊﻓﺩﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﺯﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ .ﻡﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﹼﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺎﺤﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻓﻭـﺸﻜﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺠﺘﻓ " ﺔﻴﺒﺸﺨ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺨﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺨﺭ ﻲﻗﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻡﺎﻤ ﺤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ
.40ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ
ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻗﺄﺒ ﻉﺯﻭﻴﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﺯﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﻭﻴ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ" :ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﻘﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ لﻭﻘﻴ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻱﻭـﺘﺤﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ .ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺘﺒﺜﻤ ،ﻡﺎﺨﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻘﻨﻴﻝ ،ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺨﻔﻝﺍ ﻊـﻴﺯﻭﺘﻭ ﻕﺍﺭـﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻘﺒ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،(ﺭﺠﻵﺍ ﺭﻁﻗ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻲﻓ) ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻓﺭﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻏﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺍﺭﺸ ﻲـﻓﻭ ."41ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻨﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ .ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ
،ﺽﻴﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﻴﺒﻜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺩﺘﻝ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺊﻴﻬﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤ
."42ﺎﺸﺎﺒ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺭﺼﻗﻭ ﺝﻭﻴﺩﺨ ﺭﺼﻘﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺄﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،... ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﻋ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ
ﻲـﻫ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺨﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻓ .ﻡﺎﻌﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻁﻝ ﺍﺩﻗﻭﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻨﺭﻓ ﻥﻭﻠﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ .ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﺎـﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺘﺄﻴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ،"ﻪﻴﻴﻝﺭﺎﻜ" ﺏﺴﺤﻭ .ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻁ ﻲﻬﻁﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ "ﻥﻴﺠﺎـﻁﻝﺍ" ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺵﺭﻗ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻭ .ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ،"ﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺒ" ﻑﺼﻨﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ" ﻪﺘﺭﺠﺃ ﺎﻤ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ،ﻡﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻁ لﺠﺃ
لﺎـﻤﻋ ﻥﺎـﻜﻭ .43"ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺭﺎﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺠﻫﻭﺘﻤ ﺭﺎﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺎﻌﻁ ﻲﻬﻁﺒ ﻲﺼﻭﻴ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ،"ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻁ" ،ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﺠﺃ ﻙﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ " ﺔﺒﺎﻴﹶﻁﻝﺍ " ﺕﻴﻤﺴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺼﺭﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ
،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡﻫﺩﺎﺴﺠﻷ ﻑﻴﻴﻠﺘﻭ ﻙﺭﻓ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻝﺎﺴﺘﻏﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻌﺘﻤﻷ لﻘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ
.ﻕﺎﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻁ ﻲﻬﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻪﻨﺇ .لﺎﻴﺨﻭ ﺏﺼﺨ ﻥﻁﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻭ لﺎﻤﺠ ﻡﻬﻠﻤ لﺍﺯﻴﻻﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ
لﻭﺤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﻲﻓ " ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺸﻭﺒ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﺩﺎﻨﺯ " لﻭﻘﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﺤ .ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺱﺩﻘﻴ
،ﺔـﻴﻭﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺎـﻨﺘﺭﻭﺩ ﻁﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤﻝﺎﻓ :ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺒﺎﺘﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻻﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ" :"44ﻱﻭﺍﺭﻀﺨ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ " ﻥﺎﻨﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻭـﻫ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻑﻴﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ :ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﺴﺠ ﺩﺒﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺎﻓ .ﺎﻨﺘﻼﻴﺨﻤﻭ ﺎﻨﺤﺍﻭﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻑﻠﺨ ﻥﺎﻴﻔﺘﺨﻴ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺃ ،ﺔﻀﻤﺎﻏ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ،ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ لﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤ ﺎﻨﺒ ﺏﺭﻬﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ،ﻡﻼﺤﻸﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺱـﺤﻨ ﻥـﻴﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﺴﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻗﺃ ﺎﻨﺘﺍﻭﺫ ﺱﺤﻨ ﻥﻴﺃ ...ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻬﻴﺘﻴﻭ ﻑﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺴ
.45"ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻌﺴﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻀﺎﺨ ،ﺕﺎﻨﺌﻤﻁﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﺏﻫﺫﻨﻝ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻨ ﻻ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺴ ﻊﻀﺒﻝ ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻨﺃ
:ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ
1XXXXX, Xxxxxxxxx (1987), « La place de l'eau dans l'espace domestique », In : Kaj Noschis (dir.), Architecture et Comportement, Lausanne, Vol. 3, n°. 2, p. 103.
2XXXXXX, Xxxxxxxxx, (2002), La construction sociale du corps, Paris, Seuil, p. 131.
.228 .ﺹ ، 15 .ﺝ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ،(ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ) ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻓﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﺒ ﻡﺭﻜﻤ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 3
ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ :ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ،(2008) ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼ ﺓﺭﻴﺘﺤ ﻥﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺘﺤﺴﻝﺍ 4
.186 .ﺹ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻋ
.13 .ﺹ
،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻗﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ
،ﺔﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻭﻤﺭ :ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺃ ،(1997) ﻕﺎﺤﺴﺍ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺨﻝﺍ 5
.ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 6
.189 .ﺹ ،ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ،(2008) ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺼ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺘﺤ ﻥﺒ ﻱﺭﻴﺘﺤﺴﻝﺍ 7
.54 ،53 .x ﺹ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ، (ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ) ﺓﺭﻴﻤﺴ ﺎﺸﻴﺭ ،ﺱﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ، (2010) ﻪﻴﻴﺠﻭﺭ ﺍﻭﻴﺎﻜ 8
. ر ا س 9
،ﺭﺸﻋ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﺴﻭﺎﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺩﻴﻔﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،" lavabo" -ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻼﻝﺍ "ﻭﺒﺎﻓﻻ" ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﺜﻤ 10
ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻝ ،ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝ .ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺒﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺴﺎﻏ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ
:ﻲﻓ .ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ لﺴﻏ لﺠﻷ ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
XXXXXX Xxxxxxxx (1990), « L’hygiène corporelle », In Xxxxxxx Xxxx (dir.), Encyclopédie de la pléiade, « Histoires des mœurs », France, Gallimard, Tome I, p. 602.
ﺩﻌﺒﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺒ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺡﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ ﻻ 11
.ﻎﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺭﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻷ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺍ
.33 .ﺹ ،ﺏﻠﺤﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،(ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ) ﺔﻴﺭﻀﺤ ﻲﻔﺴﻭﻴ ،"ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺯﺠﻭﻤ :ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ"،(2007) ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ 12
.10 .ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 13
.60 .ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻌﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،لﺎﺸﺭﺸ ،(1983) ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ 14
.10 .ﺹ ،ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ 15
16 BONNET Xxxxxxxx (1990), « L’Homme et le parfum », (1990), In Xxxxxxx Xxxx (dir.), Encyclopédie de la pléiade, op. cit., p . 608.
17 Ibid, p. 603.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid. p. 609.
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺫﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ "ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺕﺫﺨﺘﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺍ -لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺒﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ20 ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﺜﻤ ﻰﺸﻔﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻓﻭﺨ ،(ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ) ﺩﻤﺤﻤ لﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ
.ﻡﻼﺴﻻﺍ
ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺸﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻤ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻭﻘﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﺸ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ،( 1975 ) ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﻭﺩﻌﺴﻝﺍ 21
.50 .ﺹ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺩﺠﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﺎﻘﻴ " :لﻭﻘﻴﻓ .ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ،"ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ " ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺼ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ" ﻯﺭﻴ ،ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ 22 ﺔﻴﺒﺘﺍﺭﺘﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺔﺴﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ .ﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻊﻘﺘ ﻻ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻴﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺎﺜﻜ ﺝﻭﺃ ﻎﻠﺒﺘﻝ ﺭﺜﺎﻜﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﺘﺤﺘ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﺘ ﻡﺭﻬﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ لﺘﺤﻴ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﺭﻫ
: ﻲﻓ ."xxx xxx ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻌﺸﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ
،ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ،"ﻲﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ :ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺯﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ " :(2005 ﻥﺍﻭﺠ) ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺼ
.09 .ﺹ ، 37 ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ
23 XXXXXXX, Xxxx (novembre- décembre 2000), « Les enjeux sociaux du corps : le hammam maghrébin (XIX- XX siècle) », Annales HSS, Lieu pérenne, menacé ou recréé, coll. Histoires, sciences sociales, n° 6, p. 1303.
24 ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ "ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ" ﺩﻴﻴﺸﺘ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺕﺭﺸﺘﻨﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺍﺭﺒﻤﻹﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
.ﺎﻬﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ،ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ
25BONNET Jocelyne (1990), « L’Homme et le parfum », (1990), In Xxxxxxx Xxxx (dir.), Encyclopédie de la pléiade, op. cit., p. 635.
« la "ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ" ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ
«Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx »
ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ،"ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨ :ﻑﻴﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺫﻘﻝﺍ" ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ 26
ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻴ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻜﺸﺃﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩ xx xxx xx ،thématique du corps »
.ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻴﻭﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺴﻘﻤ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻲﻓ .ﺭﺸﻋ18 ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺸﻋ 16 ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺫﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺩﺴﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺕﺩﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ
:ﻲﻓ . ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ
XXXXXXXXX, Xxxxxxx (1985), Le propre et le sale : l’hygiène du corps depuis le Moyen Age, Paris, Seuil.
27Ibid., p .10.
28 Ibid., pp. 23 - 35.
29 Ibid., p. 17.
30 Ibid., p. 25.
31 Ibid., p. 50.
32 XXXXXX Xxxxxxxxx (2002), La construction sociale du corps, op. cit., p.134.
ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﺯﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ-ﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ :ﻱﻭﺜﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ،(2005 ) ﺔﻴﻫﺯ ،ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺭﻅﻨﺍ 33
ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ، (ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ) ﺭﻤﻋ ﻥﺒ ﻲﻝﺯﻴ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴـﺠﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎـﻬﺸ لـﻴﻨﻝ ﺝﺭـﺨﺘ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ،ﺩﺴﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ
.27 .ﺹ ، ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،(ﺹﺼــﺨﺘ) ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ
34 BONNET Jocelyne (1990), « L’Homme et le parfum », op. cit., p. 635.
. 24 - 23 .x ﺹ ،ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ،"ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺯﺠﻭﻤ :ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ"،(2007) ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ 35
36 xxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxx.xxx?
37 CHERIF SEFFADJ, Nabila (2005), Les bains d’Alger durant la période ottoman ‘(XVI –XIX siècle) Histoire, Topographie et études urbaines, Thèse de doctorat en Histoire de l’Art, Université de Paris IX .
،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺜﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ : ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺍﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﺭﻭﺼﻗ ،( 1986 / 1985) ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺏﺎﻘﻋ 38
.85 .ﺹ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻻﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ،(ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ) ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﺔﺒﻴﻭﺭﻭﺒ
.ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﻨﻵﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 39
.140 .ﺹ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺒﺩﻤ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ،(ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ) ﻲﺤﻴ ﻱﺭﻴﺯﻭ 40
.87 .ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ،ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺏﺎﻘﻋ 41
.90 .ﺹ ،ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 42
43 XXXXXXX Xxxx (novembre- décembre 2000), « Les enjeux sociaux du corps : le hammam maghrébin (XIX- XX siècle) », op. cit., p. 1312.
.ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﺒﺃ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺞﺘﻨﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ،لﻴﺨﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺸﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺵﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺘﺨﻤ ،ﻲﺴﻨﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻨﻓ ﻱﻭﺍﺭﻀﺨ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ 44
45BOUCHRARA, XXXXX, Xxxxxx(1992), in PELINQ Xxxxxxx et XXXXXXXX Xxxx, Xx Xxxxxx x’Xxxxxx XXXXXXXXX, Tunis, CÉRÈS, p. 50. Voir aussi: BOUCHRARA Traki, Zannad (1994), Les lieux du corps en Islam, Paris, Publisud.
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻨﻗﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ
ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ .ﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﺩﻤ (ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ) ﻥﺍﺯـﻴﻠﻏ ﻲﻌﻤﺎــﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭــﻤﻝﺍ
Abstract:
In an attemp to achieve practical experience and recruitment of academic achievement in the light of the research results finding in the field of information sciences and communication, the graduating university also anually from tires in the field of journalism and the media and even breaking into graduates other disciplines of the professions wiich has become nichnamed profession trouble . on the other hand , prpfessions wich are inflenenced in their performance on their writing , press releases media as an area with a number of different factores which can be objective ones. Some of them are within the organisation wich works out on outside, stemming from the fondation’s website. The other wind of factors are associated with the character –based contact, the later take many forms : salf pressure, professional, administrative, authoritarian, legislation,and the influence of groups of different interests . so, this may classify this study into two axes : social aspects and professional ones .
KeyWords :Performance Professional- Professionalisation- Practice - Redaction.
:ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻡﺎﺤﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ،ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻭﻨﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺭﺨﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ xxxxx ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﺏﻋﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻤﺒ ﺏﻘﻠﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ،ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺎﺒ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻜ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺎﺒ
،ﺔﻴﻭﻁﻠـﺴ ،ﺔـﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﺔـﻴﻨﻬﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ :ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺫﺨﺘﺘ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺎﺒ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ :ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻔﻨﺼ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘ
.ﻲﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ- ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ- ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ- ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ :ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
:ﺔﻤﺩـﻘﻤ
ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺘﺤﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ
ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺝﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ
.ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘﻭ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﻴﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ،ﻲﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻴﻭ
،ﺔـﻴﻤﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺩﺍﻭـﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻕـﺌﺍﺭﻁ ﻲـﻓ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺩﻤﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﻬﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻝﺎﻁﻤ xx xxxxx ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻔﻁﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﻼﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺠﺍﺭﺨﺇﻭ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎـﺜﻹﺍ لـﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺨﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻷﺎﺒ ،ﻑﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻡﺘﻬﺘﻭ .ﺩﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ