Cultural History. Asian Connections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Xxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia: Lands Drukkerij, 1825. Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, and Xxxxxx Xxxx, eds. Kennis en Compagnie: De Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie en de moderne wetenschap. Amsterdam: Balans, 2002. Xxxx, Xxxxxxxx. “Manuel d’ornithologie, ou tableau systèmatique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe par C. J. Temminck.” Heidelbergische Jahrbücher der Literatur 25-26 (1816): 387-416. Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx. “Hunting and Trapping in the Indonesian Archipelago, 1500-1950.” In Paper Landscapes: Explorations in the Environmental History of Indonesia, edited by Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxx Xxxxxx. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 178, 185-213. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1997. Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx. “The Making and Unmaking of Tropical Science: Dutch Research on Indonesia, 1600-2000.” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde (BKI) 162, no. 2/3 (2008): 191-217. Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx, ed. Empire and Science in the Making: Dutch Colonial Scholarship in Comparative Global Perspective, 1760-1830, Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology. New York, NY: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, 0000. Xxxxx, Xxxx. The Sugar Plantation in India and Indonesia: Industrial Production, 1770-2010. Studies in Comparative World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Xxxxx, Xxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxx, and X. Xxxxx Xxxxxx, eds. Sugarlandia Revisited: Sugar and Colonialism in Asia and the Americas, 1800-1940, International Studies in Social History, 9. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007.
Cultural History. To understand the representation of elite female servants in early modern drama, an awareness of their historiographical presentation and service experience is paramount. While elite female service has not been a popular topic for literary scholars examining service, studies such as XxXxxxx’x Women and Culture at the Courts of the Stuart Queens, and Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx’s The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-Waiting across Early Modern Europe, have attended to elite female service as an important feature for the cultural and historical understanding of early modern society. 30 In addition to these studies on elite female service, 30 For key scholarship specifically on the study of elite female servants in early modern England see Women and Culture at the Courts of the Stuart Queens, ed. Xxxxx XxXxxxx (Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), and The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-Waiting across Early Modern Europe, eds. Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx (Leiden, Boston: Koninklijke Xxxxx NV, 2013). another group of scholars has examined how the experience of certain life stages can shape an individual’s identity.31 These critics have looked at early modern conceptions of the temporal, social, and biological progression of youth and adolescence, of adulthood, and of marriage for
Cultural History. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 8- 9. processes” of biological bodies.36 Nearly unfathomable, but not entirely. Occasionally geological and human time converges. Occasionally a split second and the twitch of a muscle is all it takes to move mountains. Fast-forward millions of years to mid- afternoon on the 30th July 1864, to a medium-sized Alp in Switzerland’s Bernina Range. An avalanche is surging down the mountain’s eastern face. And five men are plummeting with it. * It had taken Xxxxxxx, a pair of Englishmen and two local guides, a little over eight hours to reach the summit of the Piz Morteratsch. Dazzling midday sunlight warmed the group as they rested on the peak; Xxxxxxx observed the shifting aerosolic complexity of the clouds below; a bottle of champagne was uncorked and drunk too. But on their way down the mountainside the group encountered a vertiginous slope of ice, which in spite of Xxxxxxx’x reluctance, lead guide Xxxxx decided to tackle. Bound together by a hemp rope, the men inched along the ice; a precipitous chasm loomed below. A false step, then a rush of snow. Suddenly, in “the twinkling of an eye”, the five men were hurled downwards “with uncontrollable speed on the back of an avalanche”.37 They tumbled for over a thousand feet. Miraculously the men emerged from this near-death experience with no more than cuts, bruises and welts. The most severe injury sustained was the parting of Xxxxxxx’x pocket watch from its chain, itself astonishingly recovered from the scene of the accident eighteen days later. But in this moment, each man was changed; they had experienced the awesome unpredictability of nature. It had taken the group eight hours to reach the mountain’s summit. Only a few seconds were needed to bring them tumbling back down. Implied by this difference between comparative scales—from the group’s steady upward trek to their rapid decent—is a similar gulf, yet one that is almost impossible to grasp. By contracting and relaxing muscles, by becoming alternatively firm and elastic, 36 Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Architectures of Time: Toward a Theory of the Event in Modernist Culture (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001), p. 31. 37 Xxxx Xxxxxxx, Hours of Exercise in the Alps (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1871), p. 212. the climber alters the vertical trajectory of her or his body. By compression and intrusion, metamorphism through states of hardness and softness, rock is thrust skyward. Each of these proc...
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