Chapter 2 Intermediate Outcomes Sample Clauses

Chapter 2 Intermediate Outcomes. Depression. Adult Depression was measured among mothers at waves 2, 3, 4, and 5 using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF).(▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 1998) The CIDI-SF is a standardized instrument that indicates whether a person experienced a DSM-IV major depressive episode in the previous year. Example items include losing interest, feeling tired, and trouble sleeping for 2 or more weeks in a row in the past year. Adults’ scores were calculated using guidelines provided by the FFCW study and indicate the presence (yes/no) of a liberal diagnosis for major depressive episode (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW), 2018). Economic Pressure. Economic pressure is operationalized as a count of positive responses to questions regarding objective indicators of material hardship in the past 12-months. Economic pressure was reported by the mother at waves 2, 3, 4, and 5 via 7 items that were derived from the 1996 Survey on Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Survey and the 1997 and 1999 Social Indicators Survey (SIS). Respondents were asked if, in the past 12 months: 1) you did not pay the full amount of the rent or mortgage; 2) eviction from your home or apartment for not paying the rent or mortgage; 3) you did not pay the full amount of the gas, oil, or electricity bill; 4) someone in your household who needed to see a doctor or go to the hospital couldn’t go because of cost; 5) your gas or electric service were turned off; 6) you ever stayed at a shelter, in an abandoned building, an automobile or any other place not meant for regular housing; 7) your telephone service was turned off. There are no standardized scoring methods for these items (Scales Documentation and Question Sources for Three-Year Questionnaires, 2006). Consistent with extant literature (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al., 2012), we assign each affirmative response a value of 1 and sum across items to create a score of economic pressure ranging from 0 (no stress) to 7 (highest level of stress).