Common use of Derivative Actions Clause in Contracts

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met:. (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiona direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9.11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, Trustees is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as Independent Trustees and the Board of Trustees has not established a committee to consider the merits of such action or, if the Board of Trustees has established such a committee, a majority of that term committee is defined in the Delaware Act)composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series Portfolios or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series Portfolios and Classes, shall must join in the request pre-suit demand for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 9.11, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees. The Trustees on that committee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees on the committee determine not to bring such action. (e) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Portfolio or Class either equally or proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Portfolio or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.11 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition (a) Subject to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a no Shareholder may bring a derivative or similar action or proceeding in the right of the Trust or any Series to recover a judgment in its favor (a "derivative action") unless each of the following conditions is met: (i) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of (A) the Series on behalf of or in the right of which the action is proposed to be brought and (B) a Class of the Series affected by the action or failure to act complained of, to the extent that fewer than all Classes were affected (the "affected Series or Class"), at the time of the action or failure to act complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a Person who was a Shareholder at that time; (ii) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the affected Series or Class at the time the demand required by subparagraph (iii) below was made; (iii) Prior to the commencement of such derivative action, the Complaining Shareholders have made a written demand on the Trustees requesting that the Trustees cause the Trust to file the action itself on behalf of the Trust only if affected Series or Class (a "demand"), which demand (A) shall be executed by or on behalf of no less than three Complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or by marriage) to any other Complaining Shareholder executing such written demand and (B) shall include at least the following conditions are metfollowing: (1) a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which each such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought; (2) a statement to the effect that the Complaining Shareholders believe in good faith that they will fairly and adequately represent the interests of similarly situated Shareholders in enforcing the right of the affected Series or Class and an explanation of why the Complaining Shareholders believe that to be the case; (3) a certification that the requirements of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon have been met, as well as information reasonably designed to allow the Trustees to bring verify that certification; (4) a list of all other derivative or class actions in which any of the subject Complaining Shareholders is or was a named plaintiff, the court in which such action unless was filed, the date of filing, the name of all counsel to any plaintiffs and the outcome or current status of such actions; (5) a certification of the number of Shares of the affected Series or Class owned beneficially or of record by each Complaining Shareholder at the time set forth in subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph (a) and an effort to cause undertaking that each Complaining Shareholder will be a Shareholder of the Trustees to bring affected Series or Class as of the commencement of and throughout the derivative action and will notify the Trust in writing of any sale, transfer or other disposition by any of the Complaining Shareholders of any such Shares within three business days thereof; and (6) an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes acknowledgment of the provisions of paragraphs (e) and (f) of this Section 8.9(a), a demand 9.8 below; (iv) Shareholders owning Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) of the voting power of the affected Series or Class must join in initiating the derivative action; and (v) A copy of the proposed derivative complaint must be served on the Trustees shall only be deemed Trust, assuming the requirements of subparagraphs (i) through (iv) above have already been met and the derivative action has not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority been barred in accordance with paragraph (c) below. (b) Within 90 calendar days of the Board receipt of Trusteesa Shareholder demand submitted in accordance with the requirements above, those Trustees who are independent for purposes of considering the demand or a majority committee comprised of any committee established to consider some or all of such Trustees (the "independent Trustees") will consider, with the assistance of counsel who may be retained by such Trustees on behalf and at the expense of the Trust, the merits of the claim and determine whether maintaining a suit would be in the best interests of the Trust. If, during this 90-day period, those independent Trustees conclude that a determination as to the maintenance of a suit cannot reasonably be made within the 90-day period, those independent Trustees may extend the 90-day period by a period of time that the independent Trustees consider will be sufficient to permit them to make such actiona determination, is composed not to exceed 60 calendar days from the end of the initial 90-day period (such 90-day period, as may be extended as provided hereunder, the "review period"). Notice of any such decision to extend the review period shall be sent in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof to the Complaining Shareholders, or, the Shareholders' counsel if represented by counsel, in writing within five business days of any decision to extend the period. Trustees who are not “deemed to be Interested Persons of the Trust are deemed independent trustees” for all purposes, including for the purpose of approving or dismissing a derivative action. A Trustee otherwise independent for purposes of considering the demand shall not be considered not to be independent solely by virtue of (i) the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment adviser or underwriter, (ii) the amount of such remuneration, (iii) the fact that term is defined such Trustee was identified in the Delaware Act);demand as a potential defendant or witness, or (iv) the fact that the Trustee approved the act being challenged in the demand if the act resulted in no material personal benefit to the Trustee or, if the Trustee is also a Shareholder, no material personal benefit that is not shared pro rata with other Shareholders. (bc) Unless a If the demand is not required has been properly made under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.8, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more and a majority of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the independent Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering have considered the merits of the request claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust, the demand shall require an undertaking be rejected and the Complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Trust. If upon such consideration a majority of the independent Trustees determine that such a suit should be maintained, then the appropriate officers of the Trust shall cause the Trust to commence that suit and such suit shall proceed directly rather than derivatively or permit the Complaining Shareholders to proceed derivatively, provided however that any counsel representing the interests of the Trust shall be approved by the Trustees. The Trustees, or the appropriate officers of the Trust, shall inform the Complaining Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any decision reached under this paragraph (c) by sending in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof written notice to each Complaining Shareholder, or the Shareholder's counsel, if represented by counsel, within five business days of such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiondecision having been reached. (d) For purposes If notice of a decision has not been sent to the Complaining Shareholders or the Shareholders' counsel within the time permitted by paragraph (c) above, and subparagraphs (i) through (v) of paragraph (a) above have been complied with, the Complaining Shareholders shall not be barred by this Declaration from commencing a derivative action. (e) A Complaining Shareholder whose demand is rejected pursuant to paragraph (c) above shall be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust and/or the affected Series in connection with the Trust's consideration of the demand if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. A Shareholder who commences or maintains a derivative action in violation of this Section 8.99.8 shall reimburse the Trust and/or the affected Series for the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust and/or the affected Series in connection with the action if the action is dismissed on the basis of the failure to comply with this Section 9.8. If a court determines that any derivative action has been brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust and/or the affected Series in connection with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees action shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking borne by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse who commenced the action. (f) The Trust or the affected Series shall be responsible for payment of attorneys' fees and legal expenses incurred by a Complaining Shareholder in any circumstances only if required by law. Neither the Trust for nor the expense affected Series shall be obligated to pay any attorneys' fees so incurred by a Complaining Shareholder other than fees that are reasonable and that do not exceed an amount calculated using reasonable hourly rates. (g) No Shareholder may make demand or commence a derivative action on behalf of any such advisors in Series of the event that the Trustees determine Trust of which he or she is not to bring such actiona shareholder.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.911, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section § 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit written demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11.5(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of are Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to one hundred eighty calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.911.5, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary provided that a committee of one Trustee is required to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. d) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 11.5, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust, as applicable, the demand shall be rejected and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee under applicable law. e) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Trust, or any Series or Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Series or Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Trust, or the Series or Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Series or Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a Person who was a Shareholder at that time.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9.11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, Trustees is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as Independent Trustees and the Board of Trustees has not established a committee to consider the merits of such action or, if the Board of Trustees has established such a committee, a majority of that term committee is defined in the Delaware Act)composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series Portfolios or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series Portfolios and Classes, must join in the pre-suit demand for the Trustees to commence such action. If a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 9.11, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who hold at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust shall join in the request demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 9.11, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees. The Trustees on that committee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees on the committee determine not to bring such action. (e) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Portfolio or Class either equally or proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Portfolio or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.11 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)2.4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused only if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more at least a majority of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action. If a demand is not required under Section 2.4(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust shall join in the demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request demand and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request demand to reimburse the Trust for the fees and expense of any such counsel or other advisors and other out of pocket expenses of the Trust, in the event that the Board of Trustees determine determines not to bring such action. The Trust is hereby permitted to redeem or repurchase Shares of any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c) at a value determined by the Board of Trustees in accordance with the 1940 Act and other applicable law, and to set off against and retain any distributions otherwise payable to any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c), in payment of amounts due hereunder. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.92.4, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware Act). (e) To the maximum extent permitted by law, each Shareholder of the Trust acknowledges and agrees that any alleged injury to Trust Property, any diminution in the value of the Shareholder’s shares, or any other claim arising out of or relating to an allegation regarding the actions, inaction, or omissions of or by the Trustees, the Trust’s officers or the Investment Adviser of the Trust is a legal claim belonging only to the Trust and not to the Shareholders individually. Accordingly, all Shareholders shall be bound to bring any and all such claims pursuant only to the provisions of this Section 2.4 of this Agreement. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse acknowledge that, for these purposes, the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not is deemed to bring such actionbe a separate and distinct legal entity.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.911, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met:; (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition No Shareholder shall have the right to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Actbring or maintain any court action, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust only if or any Series or Class thereof without first making demand on the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon Trustees requesting the Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or claim. Such demand shall be excused only when the subject action unless an effort plaintiff makes a specific showing that irreparable injury to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)Trust or any Series or Class thereof would otherwise result, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused or if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the action at issue. A Trustee shall not be deemed to have a personal financial interest in an action or otherwise be disqualified from ruling on a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration from his or her service on the Board of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined of the Trust or on the boards of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment advisor or underwriter, or the amount of such remuneration. Such demand shall be mailed to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust's principal office and shall set forth in reasonable detail the nature of the proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon by the Shareholder to support the allegations made in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claimdemand. The Trustees shall be entitled consider such demand within 45 days of its receipt by the Trust. In their sole discretion, the Trustees may submit the matter to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits a vote of Shareholders of the request Trust or any Series or Class thereof, as appropriate. Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustees in their business judgment and shall require an undertaking be binding upon the Shareholders. Any decision by the Shareholders making such request Trustees to reimburse bring or maintain a court action, proceeding or suit on behalf of the Trust for or any Series or Class thereof shall be subject to the expense right of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes Shareholders under Article V of this Section 8.9Declaration of Trust to vote on whether or not such court action, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall proceeding or suit should or should not be entitled to retain counsel brought or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionmaintained.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9.11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, Trustees is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as Independent Trustees and the Board of Trustees has not established a committee to consider the merits of such action or, if the Board of Trustees has established such a committee, a majority of that term committee is defined in the Delaware Act)composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series Portfolios or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series Portfolios and Classes, shall must join in the request pre-suit demand for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.11, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 9.11, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees. The Trustees on that committee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees on the committee determine not to bring such action. (e) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, "claims") that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Portfolio or Class either equally or proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Portfolio or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.11 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders' rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. (1) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Class unless holders of a least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (2) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this section, the Trustees may designate a committee of two or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse a direct claim. This Section 4 will not apply to claims brought under the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionfederal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, "claims") that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders' rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiona direct claim. Section 5.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of a least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. (a) No Person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder of a particular Series or Class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or Class. No Shareholder of a Series or a Class may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or Class unless holders of at least twenty percent (20%) of the outstanding Shares of such Series or Class join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Series or Class only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of succeed (for this Section 8.9(a), purpose a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that (a) such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust, (b) Unless such Trustee was identified as a potential defendant or witness, (c) the Trustee approved the act being challenged (if the act did not result in any material personal benefit to the Trustee, or if the Trustee is also a Shareholder the act did not result in any material benefit that is not shared pro rata with other Shareholders) or (d) the Trustee is a Shareholder); and (ii) unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time (in any case, not less than ninety (90) days) to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The , and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 2.11, the Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)2.4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused only if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more at least a majority of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request demand and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request demand to reimburse the Trust for the fees and expense of any such counsel or other advisors and other out of pocket expenses of the Trust, in the event that the Board of Trustees determine determines not to bring such action. (d. The Trust is hereby permitted to redeem or repurchase Shares of any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c) at a value determined by the Board of Trustees in accordance with the 1940 Act and other applicable law, and to set off against and retain any distributions otherwise payable to any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c), in payment of amounts due hereunder. For purposes of this Section 8.92.4, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)2.4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more at least a majority of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request demand and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request demand to reimburse the Trust for the fees and expense of any such counsel or other advisors and other out of pocket expenses of the Trust, in the event that the Board of Trustees determine determines not to bring such action. (d. The Trust is hereby permitted to redeem or repurchase Shares of any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c) at a value determined by the Board of Trustees in accordance with the 1940 Act and other applicable law, and to set off against and retain any distributions otherwise payable to any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c), in payment of amounts due hereunder. For purposes of this Section 8.92.4, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10.6(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for their service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act)Trust; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust or ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisor in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such take action.; (d) For purposes of this Section 8.910.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The transaction at issue; and (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors made by the Trustees in considering good faith and shall be binding upon the merits Shareholders. Where demand is not required under this Section 10.6, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse then outstanding Shares of the Trust for the expense of any or such advisors series or class joins in the event that bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim. Notwithstanding the Trustees determine not foregoing, however, no provision of this Section 10.6 shall apply to bring any claims asserted under the U.S. federal securities laws, including, without limitation, the 1940 Act, to the extent such actionprovision violates the U.S. federal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder of a particular Series or class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or class. No Shareholder of a Series or a class may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or Class, unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the respective Series or class join in the bringing of such derivative action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActAct and subsection (a) above, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Series or class only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders Shareholder making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.96, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiondemand.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) This Section 6.10 shall not apply to any claims brought under federal securities law, or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which shall be at least ninety (90) days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For the purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand and if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (1) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Class unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (2) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this section, the Trustees may designate a committee of two or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth out in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.911, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) : The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) . Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) and Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.911, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiontransaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act);transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Article III, Section 10(b), the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand and, if necessary, to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 Subchapter X of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust Company only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Directors to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Directors to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a7.04(a), a demand on the Trustees Directors shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of TrusteesDirectors, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees Directors who are not “"independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act)directors"; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.97.04(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Company, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees Directors to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (dc) For purposes of this Section 8.97.04, the Board of Trustees Directors may designate a committee of one Trustee Director to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees Directors who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees Directors shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust Company for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees Directors determine not to bring such action; (d) For purposes of this Section 7.04, an "independent director" means any Director who is not an Interested Person of the Company; provided that the receipt of compensation for service as an independent director of the Company and also for service as an independent director or independent trustee of one or more other investment companies managed by a single investment adviser (or any affiliated person (as defined in the 0000 Xxx) of such investment adviser) shall not cause such Director to be deemed to have a personal financial interest in an action or otherwise be disqualified from ruling on a Shareholder demand, and shall not affect the status of a Director as an independent director. An independent director shall be deemed to be independent and disinterested for all purposes.

Derivative Actions. No Shareholder shall have the right to bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim in the right of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class thereof to recover a judgment in its favor unless (a) Shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, Portfolio or Class, as applicable, join in the bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim, and (b) the bringing or maintenance of such court action, proceeding or claim is otherwise in accordance with Section 3816 of the Delaware Act. In addition to the requirements set forth in of Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Portfolio or Class only if the following conditions are met: (a) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (b) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9sentence, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders Shareholder(s) making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiontransaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled . (e) In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 8.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiona direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(aX.7(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9X.7, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series series or Classes classes thereof to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series series and Classesclasses, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9X.7, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9X.7, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustees in good faith and shall be binding upon the Shareholders. Where demand is not required per Section X.7, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the then outstanding Shares of the Trust or such series or class joins in the bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition Subject to the any other requirements set forth in of applicable law including Section 3816 of the Delaware ActTrust Statute, a Shareholder may no Registered Owner shall have the right, power or authority to bring or maintain a derivative action action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: unless (a) The Shareholder two or Shareholders more Registered Owners who (i) are not Affiliates of one another and (ii) collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing or maintaining of such action, suit or other proceeding, and (b) (i) prior to bringing such action, the Registered Owners must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Administrative Trustee to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Administrative Trustee to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees Administrative Trustee shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if the Administrative Trustee has a majority of personal financial interest in the Board of Trusteestransaction at issue, and the Administrative Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or a majority of any committee established to consider otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of such action, is composed a Registered Owner demand by virtue of Trustees who the fact that the Administrative Trustee receives remuneration for his service as the Administrative Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are not “independent trustees” under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees Administrative Trustee must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder Registered Owner request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Administrative Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders Registered Owners making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine Administrative Trustee determines not to bring such action. In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, "claims") that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Registered Owner agrees that any claim that affects all Registered Owners equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 3.5 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Registered Owners' rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a provision of this Section 3.5 is found to violate the U.S. federal securities laws, then such provision shall not apply to any claims asserted under such U.S. federal securities law.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActTrust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Trustee to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Trustee to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a7.4(a), a demand on the Trustees Trustee shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if the Trustee has a majority of personal financial interest in the Board of Trusteestransaction at issue, and the Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or a majority of any committee established to consider otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of such action, is composed a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that the Trustee receives remuneration for his or her service as the Trustees who of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act)Trust; (b) Unless Two or more Shareholders who are eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Trust Statute and who (i) are not Affiliates of one another and (ii) collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares shall join in the request for the Trustee to commence such action unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued 7.4 and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence bringing or maintaining of such action; and, suit or other proceeding unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 7.4; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.97.4, the Trustees Trustee must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees Trustee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisor in the event that the Trustees determine Trustee determines not to bring such take action.; and (d) For purposes Any decision by the Trustee to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustee in good faith and shall be binding upon the Shareholders. In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of the Trust proportionately based on their number of Shares in the Trust must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 7.4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholder’s rights under this Trust Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim (and regardless, in each case, of whether such claims sound in tort, fraud or otherwise, or are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds). Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a provision of this Section 8.97.4 is found to violate the U.S. federal securities laws, including the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee 1940 Act, then such provision shall not apply to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making any claims asserted under such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionU.S. federal securities law.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Board to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Board to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), 4, (i) a demand on the Trustees Board shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of TrusteesBoard, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);; and (ii) the Board may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as such term is defined in the DSTA). (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees Board to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Trustees Board must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees Board shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine Board determines not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)12.7, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Statutory Trust Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912.7, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912.7, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.; and (d) For purposes of this Section 8.912.7, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Common Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 8.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) This Section 8.10 shall not apply to any claims, suits, actions, or proceedings brought under federal securities law, or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) No Person who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least twenty percent (20%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActAct and Section 8.5(a), a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Manager to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Manager to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of succeed (for this Section 8.9(a), purpose a demand on the Trustees Manager shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if the Manager has a majority of financial interest in the Board of Trusteestransaction at issue, and the Manager shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or a majority of any committee established to consider otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of such actiona Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that (a) the Manager receives remuneration for its service as manager of the Trust or as manager of one or more investment companies that are affiliated with the Trust, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless the Manager or one or more Affiliates of the Manager were identified as potential defendants or witnesses, or (c) the Manager approved the act being challenged (if the act did not result in any material personal benefit to the Manager, or if the act did not result in any material benefit that is not shared pro rata with other Shareholders)); (ii) unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees Manager must be afforded a reasonable amount of time (in any case, not less than ninety (90) days) to consider such Shareholder request demand and to investigate its basis, and the basis of such claim. The Trustees Manager shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request demand and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request demand to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine Manager determines not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a1) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(1), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b2) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of any Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c3) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of the Trust or any series or class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in the Trust or in such series of class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 6.10 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholder’s rights under this Declaration or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of a least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. No Shareholder shall have the right to bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim in the right of the Trust or any Portfolio or Class thereof to recover a judgment in its favor unless (a) Shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares of the Trust, Portfolio or Class, as applicable, join in the bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim, and (b) the bringing or maintenance of such court action, proceeding or claim is otherwise in accordance with Section 3816 of the Delaware Act. In addition to the requirements set forth in of Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Portfolio or Class only if the following conditions are met: (a) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (b) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9sentence, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders Shareholder(s) making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiontransaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)2.4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused only if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more at least a majority of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request demand for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.92.4(a), the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request demand and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request demand to reimburse the Trust for the fees and expense of any such counsel or other advisors and other out of pocket expenses of the Trust, in the event that the Board of Trustees determine determines not to bring such action. (d. The Trust is hereby permitted to redeem or repurchase Shares of any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c) at a value determined by the Board of Trustees in accordance with the 1940 Act and other applicable law, and to set off against and retain any distributions otherwise payable to any Shareholder liable to the Trust under this Section 2.4(c), in payment of amounts due hereunder. For purposes of this Section 8.92.4, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)14.7, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Statutory Trust Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.914.7, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.914.7, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.; and (d) For purposes of this Section 8.914.7, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) The purpose of this Section 9.6 is to protect the interests of the Trust and the Shareholders by establishing a process that will permit legitimate inquiries and claims to be made and considered while avoiding the time, expense, distraction and other harm that can be caused to the Trust and Shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. In addition to any requirements applicable to shareholders of a Massachusetts business corporation that are not inconsistent with the requirements set forth in Section 3816 terms of the Delaware Actthis Declaration, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if in accordance with the following conditions are met:terms of this Section 9.6. (ab) The Except to the extent explicitly permitted under the federal securities laws, no Shareholder or group of Shareholders must make a pre-suit shall have the right to bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust or any series or class of Shares without first making demand upon on the Trustees requesting the Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or claim. Such demand shall not be excused under any circumstances, including claims of alleged interest on the subject action part of the Trustees, unless an effort the demanding Shareholder(s) make a specific showing that irreparable nonmonetary injury to cause the Trustees Trust or Series or Class of Shares that the Shareholder(s) could not reasonably have prevented would otherwise result. Such demand shall be mailed to bring the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust’s principal office and shall set forth with particularity the nature of the proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon by the Shareholder(s) to support the allegations made in the demand. Within 90 days of receipt of any such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)demand, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of the claim and determine whether commencing or maintaining a suit would be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Series or Class, as applicable. In their sole discretion, the Trustees may submit the question of whether to proceed with the claim to a vote of Shareholders of the Trust or a Series or Class of Shares, as appropriate. To the maximum extent permitted by law, any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be final and binding upon the Shareholders. (c) Any Trustee acting in connection with any demand or any proceeding relating to a claim on behalf of or for the benefit of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof who is composed not an Interested Person of Trustees who are the Trust shall be deemed to be independent and disinterested with respect to any actions taken in connection with any such demand, proceeding, or claim. Without limiting the foregoing, a Trustee otherwise independent for purposes of considering the demand shall not “be considered not to be independent trustees” and disinterested by virtue of (i) the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment adviser or underwriter, (ii) the amount of such remuneration, (iii) the fact that term is defined such Trustee was identified in the Delaware Act); demand as a potential defendant or witness or was named as a defendant in any derivative action, or (biv) Unless the fact that the Trustee approved or participated in the act being challenged in the demand if the act resulted in no material personal benefit to the Trustee or, if the Trustee is also a demand Shareholder, no material personal benefit that is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, shared pro rata with other Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to Class of which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless Trustee is a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionShareholder. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.99.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a by Shareholders. Such committee with a majority of (or the Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees absence of a committee) shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiondemand.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Sponsor to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Sponsor to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)9.06, a demand on the Trustees Sponsor shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if the Sponsor has a majority of personal financial interest in the Board of Trusteestransaction at issue, and the Sponsor shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or a majority of any committee established to consider otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of such action, is composed a Shareholder demand by virtue of Trustees who the fact that the Sponsor receives remuneration for its service as the Sponsor of the Trust or an employee or officer of the Sponsor receives remuneration for his or her service as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.06, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees Sponsor to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.06, the Trustees Sponsor must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees Sponsor shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine Sponsor determines not to bring such action. . In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (dcollectively, “claims”) For purposes that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.06 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Trust Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a provision of this Section 8.99.06 is found to violate the U.S. federal securities laws, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee then such provision shall not apply to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making any claims asserted under such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionU.S. federal securities law.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section § 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust or any Series only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit written demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11.5(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of are Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to one hundred eighty calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.911.5, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary provided that a committee of one Trustee is required to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust or the applicable Series for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 11.5, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Series, as applicable, the demand shall be rejected and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee under applicable law. (e) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Trust, or any Series or Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Series or Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Trust, or the Series or Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Series or Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). . (e) The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (f) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative actions, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative action subject to this Section 8.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of a least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a12(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.912, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder A shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder shareholder or Shareholders shareholders must make a pre-pre- suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a13.1(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act); Trust; and (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.913.1, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 13.1, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and (iii) the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of the Trust or any series or class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in the Trust or in such series of class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 6.10 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholder’s rights under this Declaration or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim. Sections 6.10(a), 6.10(b)(iii) and this Section 6.10(c) shall not apply to any claims asserted under U.S. federal securities laws, including, without limitation, the 1940 Act.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)12.7, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Statutory Trust Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912.7, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, Trust shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.912.7, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.; and (d) For purposes of this Section 8.912.7, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, and to the maximum extent permitted by law, a Shareholder may or group of Shareholders shall have the right to bring a derivative action or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust Fund only if the following conditions conditions, and any others provided herein or in the By-Laws, are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit written demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeedsucceed and irreparable nonmonetary injury to the Fund or Class that the plaintiff could not reasonably have prevented would otherwise result. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11.5(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of are Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten twenty-five percent (1025%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to three hundred (300) calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.911.5, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary provided that a committee of one Trustee is required to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust Fund for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 11.5, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the demand shall be rejected, which decision shall be final and binding upon the Shareholders and judicially unreviewable, and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee under applicable law. Reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, may be assessed against a Shareholder who brings a derivative action and does not obtain a judgement on the merits that substantially achieves, in substance and amount, the full remedy sought. (e) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Fund, or any Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Fund or by the Fund on behalf of a Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Fund, or the Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a Person who was a Shareholder at that time. (f) Each Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that any alleged injury to Fund Property, any diminution in the value of the Shareholder’s Shares, or any other claim arising out of or relating to an allegation regarding the actions, inaction, or omissions of or by the Trustees, the Trust’s officers, or a service provider is a legal claim belonging only to the Fund and not to the Shareholders individually. Accordingly, all Shareholders agree to bring any and all such claims pursuant only to the provisions of this Section 11.5.

Derivative Actions. a. No person who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. b. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The i. the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees Sponsor to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees Sponsor to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees Sponsor shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if the Sponsor has a majority of personal financial interest in the Board of Trusteestransaction at issue, and the Sponsor shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or a majority of any committee established to consider otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of such action, is composed a Shareholder demand by virtue of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (the fact that the Sponsor receives remuneration for his service as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);Sponsor; and (b) Unless ii. unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees Sponsor must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees ; and the Sponsor shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the request. c. In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders making such request to reimburse of the Trust for the expense equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of any such advisors Shares in the event Trust, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 10.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholder’s rights under this Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that the Trustees determine not might otherwise give rise to bring a direct claim (and regardless, in each case, of whether such actionclaims sound in tort, fraud or otherwise, or are based on common law, statutory, equitable, legal or other grounds). (d) For purposes d. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a provision of this Section 8.910.9 is found to violate the U.S. federal securities laws, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee then such provision shall not apply to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making any claims asserted under such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionU.S. federal securities law.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in if the event that the Board of Trustees determine determines not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse a direct claim. This Section 4 will not apply to claims brought under the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionfederal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met; provided, however, that paragraph (b) and the required undertaking referenced in paragraph (c) of this Section 10.6 shall not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10.6(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee (i) receives remuneration (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Shares of the Trust or interests in any other Trust that is composed under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust) for his or her service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust and/or (as ii) holds Shares of the Trust or interests in any other Trust that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act)Trust; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust or ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisor in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such take action.; (d) For purposes of this Section 8.910.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The transaction at issue; and (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors made by the Trustees in considering good faith and shall be binding upon the merits Shareholders. Where demand is not required under this Section 10.6, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse then outstanding Shares of the Trust for the expense of any or such advisors series or class joins in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition No Shareholder shall have the right to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Actbring or maintain any court action, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust only if or any series or class thereof without first making demand on the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon Trustees requesting the Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or claim. Such demand shall be excused only when the subject action unless an effort plaintiff makes a specific showing that irreparable injury to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)Trust or any series or class thereof would otherwise result, a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused or if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the action at issue. A Trustee shall not be deemed to have a personal financial interest in an action or otherwise be disqualified from ruling on a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration from his or her service on the Board of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined of the Trust or on the boards of one or more investment companies with the same or an affiliated investment adviser or underwriter, or the amount of such remuneration. Such demand shall be mailed to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust's principal office and shall set forth in reasonable detail the nature of the proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon by the Shareholder to support the allegations made in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claimdemand. The Trustees shall be entitled consider such demand within 45 days of its receipt by the Trust. In their sole discretion, the Trustees may submit the matter to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits a vote of Shareholders of the request Trust or any series or class thereof, as appropriate. Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustees in their business judgment and shall require an undertaking be binding upon the Shareholders. Any decision by the Shareholders making such request Trustees to reimburse bring or maintain a court action, proceeding or suit on behalf of the Trust for the expense of or any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees series or class thereof shall be entitled subject to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits right of the request and may require an undertaking by Shareholders under Article V of the Shareholders making Declaration to vote on whether or not such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine court action, proceeding or suit should or should not to bring such actionbe brought or maintained.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.SCHEDULE A VANGUARD STAR FUNDS SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST SERIES CLASSES Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor Vanguard Institutional Developed Markets Index Fund Institutional Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor Vanguard LifeSrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor Vanguard STAR Fund Investor Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Investor TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust or, to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act, with respect to a Series or Class thereof only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who hold at least 10% of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares of the Series or class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (b) (i) Prior to bringing such action, the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of the Trustees of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 11.9, the Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 11.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Trust Instrument or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) This Section 6.10 shall not apply to any claims brought under federal securities law, or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (1) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Class unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action, provided, however, that the foregoing 10% requirement shall not apply to claims made under the federal securities laws. (2) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by and, except for claims made under the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9federal securities laws, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this section, the Trustees may designate a committee of two or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.; (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action; (e) Neither Section 8.9(b) nor the obligation of the Shareholders to reimburse the Trust set forth in the second sentence of Section 8.9(c) shall apply to claims made under federal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder of a particular Series or class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or class. No Shareholder of a Series or a class may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to such Series or Class, unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the respective Series or class join in the bringing of such derivative action, except that the aforementioned 10% requirement shall not apply to claims made under the federal securities laws. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActAct and subsection (a) above, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Series or class only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may (except when a request is for claims under the federal securities laws) require an undertaking by the Shareholders Shareholder making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.96, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiondemand.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10.6(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee (i) receives remuneration (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Shares of the Trust or interests in any other Trust that is composed under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust) for his or her service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust and/or (as ii) holds Shares of the Trust or interests in any other Trust that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act)Trust; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust or ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisor in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such take action.; (d) For purposes of this Section 8.910.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The transaction at issue; and (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors made by the Trustees in considering good faith and shall be binding upon the merits Shareholders. Where demand is not required under this Section 10.6, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse then outstanding Shares of the Trust for the expense of any or such advisors series or class joins in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9.12(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, Trustees is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as Independent Trustees and the Board of Trustees has not established a committee to consider the merits of such action or, if the Board of Trustees has established such a committee, a majority of that term committee is defined in the Delaware Act)composed of Trustees who are not Independent Trustees; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.12, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series outstanding, or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall must join in the request pre-suit demand for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.12, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 9.12, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are Independent Trustees. The Trustees on that committee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees on the committee determine not to bring such action. (e) In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Class agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Class either equally or proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 9.12 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Agreement or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled . (e) In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 8.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiona direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, and to the maximum extent permitted by law, a Shareholder may or group of Shareholders shall have the right to bring a derivative action or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust or any Series only if the following conditions conditions, and any others provided herein or in the By-Laws, are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeedsucceed and irreparable nonmonetary injury to the Trust or Series or Class that the plaintiff could not reasonably have prevented would otherwise result. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten twenty-five percent (1025%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to three hundred (300) calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees, or a committee designated or established by the Board of Trustees to consider the merits of the demand, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees That Trustee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine Trustee determines not to bring such action. (e) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 8.9, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent Trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Series, as applicable, the demand shall be rejected, which decision shall be final and binding upon the Shareholders and judicially unreviewable, and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee thereof under applicable law. Reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, may be assessed against a Shareholder who brings a derivative action and does not obtain a judgment on the merits that substantially achieves, in substance and amount, the full remedy sought. (f) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Trust, or any Series or Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Series or Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Trust, or the Series or Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Series or Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or have acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time. (g) Each Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that any alleged injury to Trust Property or assets belonging to a Series, as the case may be, any diminution in the value of the Shareholder’s Shares, or any other claim arising out of or relating to an allegation regarding the actions, inaction, or omissions of or by the Trustees, the Trust’s officers, or a service provider is a legal claim belonging only to the Trust and not to the Shareholders individually. Accordingly, all Shareholders agree to bring any and all such claims pursuant only to the provisions of this Section 8.9.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act (this Section 9(b) does not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws) who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which shall be at least ninety (90) days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request. Other than with respect to claims arising under the federal securities laws, the Trustees shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For the purposes of this Section 9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand and if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request. Other than with respect to claims arising under the federal securities laws, the Trustees shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 (a) Shareholders of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder Trust or any Series may not bring a derivative action on behalf to enforce the right of the Trust only if or an affected Series or Class, as applicable, unless each of the following conditions are is met: (ai) The Each complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Series or Class, as applicable, at the time of the action or failure to act complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a Person who was a Shareholder at that time; (ii) Each complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the Trust or the affected Series or Class, as applicable, as of the time the demand required by subparagraph (iii) below was made; (iii) Prior to the commencement of such derivative action, the complaining Shareholders have made a written demand to the Board of Trustees requesting that they cause the Trust or affected Series or Class, as applicable, to file the action itself. In order to warrant consideration, any such written demand must make include at least the following: (1) a predetailed description of the action or failure to act complained of and the facts upon which each such allegation is made; (2) a statement to the effect that the complaining Shareholders believe that they will fairly and adequately represent the interests of similarly situated Shareholders in enforcing the right of the Trust or the affected Series of Class, as applicable and an explanation of why the complaining Shareholders believe that to be the case; (3) a certification that the requirements of sub-suit demand upon paragraphs (i) and (ii) have been met, as well as information reasonably designed to allow the Trustees to bring verify that certification; and (4) certification that each complaining Shareholder will be a Shareholder of the subject action unless an effort to cause Trust or the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes affected Series or Class, as applicable as of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if commencement of the derivative action; (iv) Shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold then Outstanding Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding Trust or of the affected Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and ClassesClass, shall as applicable, must join in bringing the request for the Trustees to commence such derivative action; and (cv) Unless a demand is A copy of the derivative complaint must be served on the Trust, assuming the requirements of sub-paragraphs (i)-(iv) above have already been met and the derivative action has not required under been barred in accordance with paragraph (ab)(ii) below. (b) Demands for derivative action submitted in accordance with the requirements above will be considered by those Trustees who are not deemed to be Interested Persons of this Section 8.9, the Trust. Those Trustees must who are not deemed to be afforded a reasonable amount Interested Persons of time to the Trust will consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request claim and shall require an undertaking by determine whether maintaining a suit would be in the Shareholders making such request to reimburse best interests of the Trust for or the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9affected Series or Class, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act)applicable. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. Trustees that are not deemed to be Interested Persons of the Trust are deemed independent for all purposes, including for the purpose of approving or dismissing a derivative action. (i) If the demand for derivative action has not been considered within 30 calendar days of the receipt of such demand by the Board of Trustees, a decision communicated to the complaining Shareholders within the time permitted by sub-paragraph (ii) below, and sub-paragraphs (i)-(iv) of paragraph (a) above have been met, the complaining Shareholders shall not be barred by this Trust Instrument from commencing a derivative action. (ii) If the demand for derivative action has been considered by the Board of Trustees, and a majority of those Trustees who are not deemed to be Interested Persons of the Trust, after considering the merits of the claim, has determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Series or Class, as applicable, the complaining Shareholders shall be barred from commencing the derivative action. If upon such consideration the appropriate members of the Board determine that such a suit should be maintained, then the appropriate officers of the Trust shall commence initiation of that suit and such suit shall proceed directly rather than derivatively. The Board of Trustees, or the appropriate officers of the Trust, shall inform the complaining Shareholders of any decision reached under this sub-paragraph (ii) in writing within five business days of such decision having been reached. A Shareholder of a particular Series or Class of the Trust shall not be entitled to participate in a derivative action on behalf of any other Series or Class of the Trust.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(aXI.7(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of TrusteesBoard, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act); (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9XI.7(a), Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series series or Classes classes thereof to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series series and Classesclasses, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9XI.7(a), the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9XI.7, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be made by the Trustees in good faith and shall be binding upon the Shareholders. Where demand is not required per Section XI.7, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the then outstanding Shares of the Trust or such series or class joins in the bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder A shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder shareholder or Shareholders shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a13.1(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust; and (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.913.1, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 13.1, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a1) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(1), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b2) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c3) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, and to the maximum extent permitted by law, a Shareholder may or group of Shareholders shall have the right to bring a derivative action or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust or any Series only if the following conditions conditions, and any others provided herein or in the By-Laws, are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeedsucceed and irreparable nonmonetary injury to the Trust or Series or Class that the plaintiff could not reasonably have prevented would otherwise result. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value Net Asset Value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to one hundred eighty (180) calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees, or a committee designated or established by the Board of Trustees to consider the merits of the demand, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees That Trustee shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine Trustee determines not to bring such action. (e) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 8.9, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent Trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Trust or the affected Series, as applicable, the demand shall be rejected, which decision shall be final and binding upon the Shareholders and judicially unreviewable, and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee thereof under applicable law. (f) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Trust, or any Series or Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Series or Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Trust, or the Series or Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Series or Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or have acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time. (g) Each Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that any alleged injury to Trust Property or assets belonging to a Series, as the case may be, any diminution in the value of the Shareholder’s Shares, or any other claim arising out of or relating to an allegation regarding the actions, inaction, or omissions of or by the Trustees, the Trust’s officers, or a service provider is a legal claim belonging only to the Trust and not to the Shareholders individually. Accordingly, all Shareholders agree to bring any and all such claims pursuant only to the provisions of this Section 8.9.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust or, to the extent permitted by the Delaware Act, with respect to a Series or Class thereof only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who hold at least 10% of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares of the Series or class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (i) Prior to bringing such action, the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of the Trustees of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 11.9, the Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue. In addition to all suits, claims or other actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 11.9 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders’ rights under this Trust Instrument or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to a direct claim.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth out in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.910, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. . SERIES Vanguard Asset Allocation Fund Vanguard Capital Value Fund Vanguard U.S. Value Fund CLASSES Investor, Admiral Investor Investor ARTICLE I. Name and Definitions 1 Section 1. Name 1 Section 2. Definitions 1 (da) For purposes Amended Declaration of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” Trust 2 (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.b) By-Laws 2

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA); ; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.10, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand. (c) For purposes of this Section 6.10, “Shareholder” or “Shareholders” shall mean the holder or holders of common Shares.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10.6(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for their service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act)Trust; (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust or ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and; (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910.6, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisor in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such take action.; (d) For purposes of this Section 8.910.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The transaction at issue; and (e) Any decision by the Trustees to bring, maintain, or compromise (or not to bring, maintain, or compromise) such court action, proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors made by the Trustees in considering good faith and shall be binding upon the merits Shareholders. Where demand is not required under this Section 10.6, a Shareholder may only bring a derivative action if Shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse then outstanding Shares of the Trust for the expense of any or such advisors series or class joins in the event that bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim. Notwithstanding the Trustees determine not foregoing, however, no provision of this Section 10.6 shall apply to bring such actionany claims arising under the U.S. federal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth out in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9.10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.10, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing at least ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series Trust, or Classes ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99.10, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors advisers in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99.10, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more Trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For the purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.. SCHEDULE A VANGUARD WORLD FUND SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST SERIES Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund Vanguard Energy Index Fund Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Financials Index Fund Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund Vanguard Health Care Index Fund Vanguard Industrials Index Fund Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Vanguard International Growth Fund Vanguard Materials Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Index Fund Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Value Index Fund Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund Vanguard Utilities Index Fund CLASSES Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF ETF, Institutional, Institutional Plus Admiral, ETF Investor, Institutional Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Admiral, ETF Investor, Admiral Admiral, ETF ETF, Institutional ETF, Institutional ETF, Institutional Admiral, ETF Investor, Admiral Admiral, ETF Page ARTICLE I. Name and Definitions 1 Section 1. Name 1 Section 2. Definitions 1 (a) Amended Declaration of Trust 2 (b) By-Laws 2 (c) Commission 2 (d) For purposes Declaration of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” Trust 2 (as that term is defined in the e) Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.Act 2 (0 Interested Person 2

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section § 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust Fund only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit written demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a11.5(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore be excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of are Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. Such demand shall be executed by or on behalf of no fewer than three complaining Shareholders, each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or marriage) to any other complaining Shareholder executing such demand. Such demand shall contain a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained of, the facts upon which such allegation is made and the reasonably estimated damages or other relief sought. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding outstanding, or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and. (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.911.5, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time time, which may be up to one hundred eighty calendar days, to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.911.5, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary provided that a committee of one Trustee is required to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust Fund for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) If the demand has been properly made pursuant to this Section 11.5, and a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the independent trustees, or, if a committee has been appointed, a majority of the members of such committee, have considered the merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, as applicable, the demand shall be rejected and the complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of the Trustees, or committee thereof, not to pursue the requested action was inconsistent with the standard required of the Trustees or committee under applicable law. (e) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a Shareholder of the Fund, or any Class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Fund or by the Fund on behalf of a Class, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by Shareholders of the Fund, or the Class, generally. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a Shareholder of the Class against which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a Person who was a Shareholder at that time.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.910, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9. SCHEDULE A VANGUARD WHITEHALL FUNDS SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST SERIES CLASSES Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund Investor, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.ETF Vanguard International Explorer Fund Investor Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund Investor Vanguard Selected Value Fund Investor 137082.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “"independent trustees” " (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, "claims") that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders' rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiona direct claim.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of a least a majority of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. This paragraph (a) of Section 3.10 shall not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Investment Company of 1940, as amended (collectively, the “federal securities laws”). (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering ; and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. This sub-paragraph (b)(ii) of Section 3.10 shall not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series Trust, or Classes 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is in defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. No Shareholder shall have the right to bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim in the right of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof to recover a judgment in its favor unless (a) Shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, Series or Class, as applicable, join in the bringing of such court action, proceeding or claim, and (b) the bringing or maintenance of such court action, proceeding or claim is otherwise in accordance with Section 3816 of the Delaware Act. In addition to the requirements set forth in of Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust with respect to a Series or Class only if the following conditions are met: (a) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), ; and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act);transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (b) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (a) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9sentence, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The ; and the Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders Shareholder(s) making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99.6, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actiontransaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a1) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(1), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act);; and (b2) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value of all outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of any Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c3) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a1) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

Derivative Actions. (a) No person, other than a Trustee, who is not a Shareholder shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust. No Shareholder may maintain a derivative action on behalf of the Trust unless holders of at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing of such action. (b) In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActStatutory Trust Statute, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: : (ai) The the Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a), and a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority Majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined has a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act); transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a trustee or director of one or more investment companies that are under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Trust; and (bii) Unless unless a demand is not required under paragraph clause (ai) of this Section 8.9, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classes, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.9paragraph, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering , and the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) For purposes of this Section 8.9, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act). The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. For purposes of this Section 6.05, the Trustees may designate a committee of one or more Trustees to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who do not have a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware ActDSTA, a Shareholder or Shareholders may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Board of Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Board of Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a)4, a demand on the Board of Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA);. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act DSTA who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Board of Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Except for claims arising under the U.S. federal securities laws, the Board of Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Board of Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.94, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that such term is defined in the Delaware ActDSTA). The Trustees shall be entitled In addition to retain counsel all suits, claims or other advisors in considering the merits actions (collectively, “claims”) that under applicable law must be brought as derivative claims, each Shareholder of the request and may require an undertaking by Trust or any Series or Class thereof agrees that any claim that affects all Shareholders of a Series or Class equally, that is, proportionately based on their number of Shares in such Series or Class, must be brought as a derivative claim subject to this Section 4 irrespective of whether such claim involves a violation of the Shareholders making such request Shareholders’ rights under this Declaration of Trust or any other alleged violation of contractual or individual rights that might otherwise give rise to reimburse a direct claim. This Section 4 will not apply to claims brought under the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionfederal securities laws.

Derivative Actions. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (a) The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre-suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 8.9(a9(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed has a personal financial interest in the transaction at issue, and a Trustee shall not be deemed interested in a transaction or otherwise disqualified from ruling on the merits of a Shareholder demand by virtue of the fact that such Trustee receives remuneration for his service on the Board of Trustees who of the Trust or on the boards of one or more trusts that are not “independent trustees” (as that term is defined in under common management with or otherwise affiliated with the Delaware Act);Trust. (b) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold Shares representing ten percent (at least 10%) or more % of the total combined net asset value Outstanding Shares of all the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the Outstanding Shares issued and outstanding or of the Series or Classes Class to which such action relates if it does not relate to all Series and Classesrelates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (c) Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a) of this Section 8.99, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees (or any committee established to consider such shareholder request) shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action. (d) . For purposes of this Section 8.99, the Board of Trustees may designate a committee of one Trustee to consider a Shareholder demand if necessary to create a committee with a majority of Trustees who are “independent trustees” (as that term is defined do not have a personal financial interest in the Delaware Act)transaction at issue. [The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits remainder of the request and may require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such actionthis page has been left blank intentionally.]