Common use of Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Clause in Contracts

Enforcement of Foreign Judgments. A final and conclusive judgment of a competent foreign court (other than a court of jurisdiction to which the Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Xxx 0000 applies, and it does not apply to the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan or the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan (Foreign Courts) against the Company based upon the Underwriting Agreement under which a sum of money is payable (not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature, in respect of a fine or other penalty, or in respect of multiple damages as defined in the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1981) may be the subject of enforcement proceedings in the Supreme Court of Bermuda under the common law doctrine of obligation by action on the debt evidenced by the judgment of such competent foreign court. A final opinion as to the availability of this remedy should be sought when the facts surrounding the foreign court’s judgment are known, but, on general principles, we would expect such proceedings to be successful provided that: (a) the court which gave the judgment was competent to hear the action in accordance with private international law principles as applied in Bermuda; and (b) the judgment is not contrary to public policy in Bermuda, has not been obtained by fraud or in proceedings contrary to natural justice and is not based on an error in Bermuda law. Enforcement of such a judgment against assets in Bermuda may involve the conversion of the judgment debt into Bermuda dollars, but the Bermuda Monetary Authority has indicated that its present policy is to give the consents necessary to enable recovery in the currency of the obligation.

Enforcement of Foreign Judgments. A final and conclusive judgment of a competent foreign court (other than a court of jurisdiction to which the Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Xxx 0000 applies, and it does not apply to the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan or the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan (Foreign Courts)) against the Company based upon the Underwriting Agreement under which a sum of money is payable (not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature, in respect of a fine or other penalty, or in respect of multiple damages as defined in the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1981) may be the subject of enforcement proceedings in the Supreme Court of Bermuda under the common law doctrine of obligation by action on the debt evidenced by the judgment of such competent foreign court. A final opinion as to the availability of this remedy should be sought when the facts surrounding the foreign court’s judgment are known, but, on general principles, we would expect such proceedings to be successful provided that: (a) the court which gave the judgment was competent to hear the action in accordance with private international law principles as applied in Bermuda; and (b) the judgment is not contrary to public policy in Bermuda, has not been obtained by fraud or in proceedings contrary to natural justice and is not based on an error in Bermuda law. Enforcement of such a judgment against assets in Bermuda may involve the conversion of the judgment debt into Bermuda dollars, but the Bermuda Monetary Authority has indicated that its present policy is to give the consents necessary to enable recovery in the currency of the obligation.