Common use of Extended Validation (EV) Clause in Contracts

Extended Validation (EV). We tested the availability of the EV attribute in cer- tificates offered by bank sites, which notifies the user in various ways (depending on the used browser) that a more thorough identification process was followed before the certificate was issued. The expected procedures are noted in guidelines as published by the CA/Browser forum.9 EV depends on the capabilities and willingness of users to recognize the difference between basic certificates and EV certificates. Whether EV provides any benefit is disputed. Without training or guidance, a considerable num- ber of users do not notice the differences between offered basic and EV certificates in web browsers [Xxxxxxx et al. 2007; Sobey et al. 2008; Xxxxxx et al. 2009]. As shown in Figure 7, EV was already quite popular in 2013, but its popularity only increased marginally between then and 2015.