Common use of Fish Distribution - General Clause in Contracts

Fish Distribution - General. Fish survey data is primarily available for only the headwater reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) within the drainage districts. Very limited fish survey data is available for the lowland reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) and for Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta). Fish survey data has not been collected for Artificial Watercourses (yellow). Watercourses With Headwaters (green) typically support reproducing populations of Coho salmon and Cutthroat trout. The reproducing populations of Cutthroat trout can be either anadromous or resident. Anadromous adult Coho and Cutthroat typically enter the lower reaches of the watercourse to begin their upstream migration to the spawning habitats in late fall. Spawning occurs in the upper reaches of the watercourse where suitable spawning substrate is present and accessible. Coho spawn in the late fall and Cutthroat spawn in early spring. Coho adults die after spawning whereas Cutthroat can survive to spawn in successive years. Anadromous adult Cutthroat that survive spawning out migrate the watercourse from mid to late spring. After hatching from gravel nests (redds), emerging juvenile Coho and Cutthroat will distribute themselves to suitable rearing habitats in the watercourse. Anadromous juvenile Coho and Cutthroat generally spend 22 to 18 months rearing in freshwater before migrating to the marine environment. Generally, juvenile anadromous Coho and Cutthroat are present in the accessible reaches of the watercourse throughout the year. Resident adult and juvenile Cutthroat are typically present in the upper reaches of the watercourses throughout the year. In addition to fish originating from this watercourse type, it is generally assumed that between February and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of the watercourse via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. In addition to salmonid species, forage fish species such as surf smelt and sand xxxxx also use the estuary habitats for rearing and could potentially immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse. Adult native char and cutthroat could also be expected to immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse in pursuit of juvenile salmon and forage fish species. Generally elevated water temperatures found in these low land systems have also led to colonization by exotic species of fish that prefer warm water habitats. Surveys have identified Pumpkinseed, Crappie, and Smallmouth Bass, among others, as being year around residents in the lower reaches of these systems. Many of these warm water species are voracious predators and could be considered deleterious to salmonid productivity. Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta) generally do not support resident populations of cold-water game fish. This is largely attributed to the presence of drainage infrastructure that limits the exchange of tidal hydrology and/or connection to riverine hydrology. It is generally assumed that between January and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of this watercourse type via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. Artificial Watercourses (yellow) are manmade and designed to convey water from local surface and subsurface areas in order to improve the soil conditions for agriculture. These watercourses are typically dry in the summer. Water quality and quantity can negatively affect the suitability of the potential rearing habitat. The habitat characteristics and natural processes required by native cold water fish for rearing and spawning are not supported by these artificial watercourses. It is therefore assumed that the presence of native cold water fish is either very limited or absent in this watercourse type. A8-4. Fish Survey Data - DID #19 Fish survey data has been historically collected only in Reach 4 of Big Indian Slough (Figure 6) and in Upper Xxxxxxx Slough. The fish survey data for Big Indian Slough indicate the presence of Chinook salmon and Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). Cutthroat trout were also been observed in Reach 4 of Big Indian Slough on one occasion (personal communication with Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, 2007). The fish survey data for Upper Xxxxxxx Slough (Data No. 5) indicate the presence of Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). TABLE 4. DID #19 – FISH SURVEY DATA Data No. Watercourse Fish Species Observer Observations 1 Unnamed Coho, Chinook KB 1 2 Unnamed Coho KB 1 3 Unnamed Coho KB 3 4 Unnamed Coho KB 3 5 Unnamed Coho KB 3 6 Unnamed Coho BB 1 Table 4 Observation Key

Fish Distribution - General. Fish survey data is primarily available for only the headwater reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) within the drainage districts. Very limited fish survey data is available for the lowland reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) and for Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta). Fish survey data has not been collected for Artificial Watercourses (yellow). Watercourses With Headwaters (green) typically support reproducing populations of Coho salmon and Cutthroat trout. The reproducing populations of Cutthroat trout can be either anadromous anadroumous or resident. Anadromous adult Coho and Cutthroat typically enter the lower reaches of the watercourse to begin their upstream migration to the spawning habitats in late fall. Spawning occurs in the upper reaches of the watercourse where suitable spawning substrate is present and accessible. Coho spawn in the late fall and Cutthroat spawn in early spring. Coho adults die after spawning whereas Cutthroat can survive to spawn in successive years. Anadromous adult Cutthroat that survive spawning out migrate the watercourse from mid to late spring. After hatching from gravel nests (redds), emerging juvenile Coho and Cutthroat will distribute themselves to suitable rearing habitats in the watercourse. Anadromous juvenile Coho and Cutthroat generally spend 22 to 18 months rearing in freshwater before migrating to the marine environment. Generally, juvenile anadromous Coho and Cutthroat are present in the accessible reaches of the watercourse throughout the year. Resident adult and juvenile Cutthroat are typically present in the upper reaches of the watercourses throughout the year. In addition to fish originating from this watercourse type, it is generally assumed that between February and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of the watercourse via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. In addition to salmonid species, forage fish species such as surf smelt and sand xxxxx also use the estuary habitats for rearing and could potentially immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse. Adult native char and cutthroat could also be expected to immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse in pursuit of juvenile salmon and forage fish species. Generally elevated water temperatures found in these low land systems have also led to colonization by exotic species of fish that prefer warm water habitats. Surveys have identified Pumpkinseed, Crappie, and Smallmouth Bass, among others, as being year around residents in the lower reaches of these systems. Many of these warm water species are voracious predators and could be considered deleterious to salmonid productivity. Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta) generally do not support resident populations of cold-water game fish. This is largely attributed to the presence of drainage infrastructure that limits the exchange of tidal hydrology and/or connection to riverine hydrology. It is generally assumed that between January and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of this watercourse type via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. Artificial Watercourses (yellow) are manmade and designed to convey water from local surface and subsurface areas in order to improve the soil conditions for agriculture. These watercourses are typically dry in the summer. Water quality and quantity can negatively affect the suitability of the potential rearing habitat. The habitat characteristics and natural processes required by native cold water fish for rearing and spawning are not supported by these artificial watercourses. It is therefore assumed that the presence of native cold water fish is either very limited or absent in this watercourse type. A8-4. Fish Survey Data - DID #19 15 Fish survey data has not been historically collected only in Reach 4 for the watercourses within the jurisdictional boundaries of Big Indian Slough (Figure 6) and in Upper Xxxxxxx SloughDID #15. The fish survey data for Big Indian Slough indicate A8-5. Fish Distribution - DID #15 It is presumed that the presence of Chinook salmon and Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). Cutthroat trout were also been observed cold water fish species is very limited in Reach 4 of Big Indian Slough on one occasion (personal communication with Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, 2007). The fish survey data for Upper Xxxxxxx Slough (Data No. 5) indicate the presence of Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). TABLE 4. watercourses in DID #19 – FISH SURVEY DATA Data No. Watercourse Fish Species Observer Observations 1 Unnamed Coho, Chinook KB 1 2 Unnamed Coho KB 1 3 Unnamed Coho KB 3 4 Unnamed Coho KB 3 5 Unnamed Coho KB 3 6 Unnamed Coho BB 1 Table 4 Observation Key15 for the following reasons:

Fish Distribution - General. Fish survey data is primarily available for only the headwater reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) within the drainage districts. Very limited fish survey data is available for the lowland reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) and for Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta). Fish survey data has not been collected for Artificial Watercourses (yellow). Watercourses With Headwaters (green) typically support reproducing populations of Coho salmon and Cutthroat trout. The reproducing populations of Cutthroat trout can be either anadromous anadroumous or resident. Anadromous adult Coho and Cutthroat typically enter the lower reaches of the watercourse to begin their upstream migration to the spawning habitats in late fall. Spawning occurs in the upper reaches of the watercourse where suitable spawning substrate is present and accessible. Coho spawn in the late fall and Cutthroat spawn in early spring. Coho adults die after spawning whereas Cutthroat can survive to spawn in successive years. Anadromous adult Cutthroat that survive spawning out migrate the watercourse from mid to late spring. After hatching from gravel nests (redds), emerging juvenile Coho and Cutthroat will distribute themselves to suitable rearing habitats in the watercourse. Anadromous juvenile Coho and Cutthroat generally spend 22 to 18 months rearing in freshwater before migrating to the marine environment. Generally, juvenile anadromous Coho and Cutthroat are present in the accessible reaches of the watercourse throughout the year. Resident adult and juvenile Cutthroat are typically present in the upper reaches of the watercourses throughout the year. In addition to fish originating from this watercourse type, it is generally assumed that between February and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of the watercourse via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. In addition to salmonid species, forage fish species such as surf smelt and sand xxxxx also use the estuary habitats for rearing and could potentially immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse. Adult native char and cutthroat could also be expected to immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse in pursuit of juvenile salmon and forage fish species. Generally elevated water temperatures found in these low land systems have also led to colonization by exotic species of fish that prefer warm water habitats. Surveys have identified Pumpkinseed, Crappie, and Smallmouth Bass, among others, as being year around residents in the lower reaches of these systems. Many of these warm water species are voracious predators and could be considered deleterious to salmonid productivity. Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta) generally do not support resident populations of cold-water game fish. This is largely attributed to the presence of drainage infrastructure that limits the exchange of tidal hydrology and/or connection to riverine hydrology. It is generally assumed that between January and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of this watercourse type via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. Artificial Watercourses (yellow) are manmade and designed to convey water from local surface and subsurface areas in order to improve the soil conditions for agriculture. These watercourses are typically dry in the summer. Water quality and quantity can negatively affect the suitability of the potential rearing habitat. The habitat characteristics and natural processes required by native cold water fish for rearing and spawning are not supported by these artificial watercourses. It is therefore assumed that the presence of native cold water fish is either very limited or absent in this watercourse type. A8-4. Fish Survey Data - DID #19 5 Fish survey data has not been historically collected only in Reach 4 for the watercourses within the jurisdictional boundaries of Big Indian Slough (Figure 6) and in Upper Xxxxxxx SloughDID #5. The fish survey data for Big Indian Slough indicate A8-5. Fish Distribution - DID #5 It is presumed that the presence of Chinook salmon and Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). Cutthroat trout were also been observed cold water fish species is very limited in Reach 4 of Big Indian Slough on one occasion (personal communication with Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, 2007). The fish survey data for Upper Xxxxxxx Slough (Data No. 5) indicate the presence of Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). TABLE 4. watercourses in DID #19 – FISH SURVEY DATA Data No. Watercourse Fish Species Observer Observations 1 Unnamed Coho, Chinook KB 1 2 Unnamed Coho KB 1 3 Unnamed Coho KB 3 4 Unnamed Coho KB 3 5 Unnamed Coho KB 3 6 Unnamed Coho BB 1 Table 4 Observation Keyfor the following reasons:

Fish Distribution - General. Fish survey data is primarily available for only the headwater reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) within the drainage districts. Very limited fish survey data is available for the lowland reaches of the Watercourses With Headwaters (green) and for Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta). Fish survey data has not been collected for Artificial Watercourses (yellow). Watercourses With Headwaters (green) typically support reproducing populations of Coho salmon and Cutthroat trout. The reproducing populations of Cutthroat trout can be either anadromous anadroumous or resident. Anadromous adult Coho and Cutthroat typically enter the lower reaches of the watercourse to begin their upstream migration to the spawning habitats in late fall. Spawning occurs in the upper reaches of the watercourse where suitable spawning substrate is present and accessible. Coho spawn in the late fall and Cutthroat spawn in early spring. Coho adults die after spawning whereas Cutthroat can survive to spawn in successive years. Anadromous adult Cutthroat that survive spawning out migrate the watercourse from mid to late spring. After hatching from gravel nests (redds), emerging juvenile Coho and Cutthroat will distribute themselves to suitable rearing habitats in the watercourse. Anadromous juvenile Coho and Cutthroat generally spend 22 to 18 months rearing in freshwater before migrating to the marine environment. Generally, juvenile anadromous Coho and Cutthroat are present in the accessible reaches of the watercourse throughout the year. Resident adult and juvenile Cutthroat are typically present in the upper reaches of the watercourses throughout the year. In addition to fish originating from this watercourse type, it is generally assumed that between February and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of the watercourse via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. In addition to salmonid species, forage fish species such as surf smelt and sand xxxxx also use the estuary habitats for rearing and could potentially immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse. Adult native char and cutthroat could also be expected to immigrate into the lower reaches of the watercourse in pursuit of juvenile salmon and forage fish species. Generally elevated water temperatures found in these low land systems have also led to colonization by exotic species of fish that prefer warm water habitats. Surveys have identified Pumpkinseed, Crappie, and Smallmouth Bass, among others, as being year around residents in the lower reaches of these systems. Many of these warm water species are voracious predators and could be considered deleterious to salmonid productivity. Watercourses Without Headwaters (magenta) generally do not support resident populations of cold-water game fish. This is largely attributed to the presence of drainage infrastructure that limits the exchange of tidal hydrology and/or and or connection to riverine hydrology. It is generally assumed that between January and July, fish from other watercourses may immigrate from the estuary into the lower reaches of this watercourse type via the culvert/tide gates to forage on available prey. It is generally assumed that the upstream distribution and duration of residence for these immigrating fish is limited by water quality, prey availability and their physiological affinity for salt water. Artificial Watercourses (yellow) are manmade and designed to convey water from local surface and subsurface areas in order to improve the soil conditions for agriculture. These watercourses are typically dry in the summer. Water quality and quantity can negatively affect the suitability of the potential rearing habitat. The habitat characteristics and natural processes required by native cold water fish for rearing and spawning are not supported by these artificial watercourses. It is therefore assumed that the presence of native cold water fish is either very limited or absent in this watercourse type. A8-4. Fish Survey Data - DID #19 18 Fish survey data has not been historically collected only in Reach 4 for the watercourses within the jurisdictional boundaries of Big Indian Slough DID #18 (Figure 6) and in Upper Xxxxxxx Slough4). The fish survey data for Big Indian Slough indicate A8-5. Fish Distribution - DID #18 It is presumed that the presence of Chinook salmon and Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). Cutthroat trout were also been observed cold water fish species is very limited in Reach 4 the watercourses of Big Indian Slough on one occasion (personal communication with Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, 2007). The fish survey data for Upper Xxxxxxx Slough (Data No. 5) indicate the presence of Coho salmon (Figure 4) (Table 4). TABLE 4. DID #19 – FISH SURVEY DATA Data No. Watercourse Fish Species Observer Observations 1 Unnamed Coho, Chinook KB 1 2 Unnamed Coho KB 1 3 Unnamed Coho KB 3 4 Unnamed Coho KB 3 5 Unnamed Coho KB 3 6 Unnamed Coho BB 1 Table 4 Observation Key18 for the following reasons: