Common use of Fish Food Production Clause in Contracts

Fish Food Production. Agricultural Floodplain -- Nigiri Project “Rearing and migration of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a large river floodplain” analyzed the relationships between residency time, growth, emigration and survival of wild and hatchery fish in off-channel floodplain habitat. The study indicates that increased flooding of the Yolo Bypass would increase off-channel rearing opportunities that could increase the quantity and diversity of Central Valley Chinook salmon. PLOS ONE published “Floodplain farm fields provide novel rearing habitat for Chinook salmon”. The peer-reviewed scientific paper reports the results of the 2012 pilot study at Xxxxxx Ranch in Yolo Bypass. This scientific paper provides a useful overview of work to integrate floodplain habitats and food web productivity in the management of California river systems. “Zooplankton ecology and trophic resources for rearing native fish on an agricultural floodplain in the Yolo Bypass California, USA” was published earlier this year in the journal Wetlands Ecology and Management and reported results from one of the 2013 Yolo Bypass experiments. Notably, the paper reports zooplankton densities 300,000% greater on the Yolo Bypass floodplain than in the adjacent Sacramento River channel. December 8, 2017 Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources into the River Ecosystem In the Central Valley, more than two thousand miles of state and federal levees, along with local flood protection projects, have cut off approximately 95% of historical floodplain wetlands from their river channels. In the 2017 pilot year, the Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project surveyed existing wetland habitat types over a broad swath of the Sacramento Valley, both inside and outside of the levees. By comparing and contrasting hydrologic conditions and aquatic food web dynamics across the spectrum of existing wetland habitat types (i.e., river channel, managed wetlands, farm fields and bypasses), the project will 1) improve understanding of aquatic food web productivity in the Sacramento Valley and 2) assess the potential for these diverse aquatic habitats, including the hundreds of thousands of acres of floodplain farmland and managed wetlands, to contribute food resources to the river ecosystem, bolster in-river and Delta food webs, and help support recovery of endangered fish populations. Cultivating Ecological Solutions on Agricultural Lands Floodplains are the “solar panels” that power aquatic food webs and create abundant populations of fish and wildlife in large river valleys. An explosion of life in winter-flooded floodplain wetlands generates a huge biomass of bugs and zooplankton—the foundation of the aquatic food web. Floodplains make bugs, and bugs make healthy fish. Without hydrologically reconnecting floodplain food factories to river channels, recovery of historical numbers of fish and wildlife will be impossible. But science has shown that it’s possible to mimic natural floodplain productivity by inundating floodplain farm fields in winter when they are not in use by farmers. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate the flow of floodplain food resources and nutrients back to the river and Delta. Reconnecting floodplain food factories to the river and Delta will help recover historical fish and wildlife populations of California’s Central Valley. Win-Win Even during times of drought, California can get far more pop per drop from water used by putting it to work to create multiple benefits for both fish and people on its way downstream. The innovative water management pioneered in our projects demonstrated that California can have its fish and its farms, and they can work together in harmony. Reintegrating the Floodplain “Floodplain Fatties” FATFISH

Fish Food Production. Agricultural Floodplain -- Nigiri Project “Rearing and migration of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a large river floodplain” analyzed the relationships between residency time, growth, emigration and survival of wild and hatchery fish in off-channel floodplain habitat. The study indicates that increased flooding of the Yolo Bypass would increase off-channel rearing opportunities that could increase the quantity and diversity of Central Valley Chinook salmon. PLOS ONE published “Floodplain farm fields provide novel rearing habitat for Chinook salmon”. The peer-reviewed scientific paper reports the results of the 2012 pilot study at Xxxxxx Ranch in Yolo Bypass. This scientific paper provides a useful overview of work to integrate floodplain habitats and food web productivity in the management of California river systems. “Zooplankton ecology and trophic resources for rearing native fish on an agricultural floodplain in the Yolo Bypass California, USA” was published earlier this year in the journal Wetlands Ecology and Management and reported results from one of the 2013 Yolo Bypass experiments. Notably, the paper reports zooplankton densities 300,000% greater on the Yolo Bypass floodplain than in the adjacent Sacramento River channel. December 8, 2017 Fish Food FishFood on Floodplain Farm Fields Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources into the River Ecosystem In the Central Valley, more than two thousand miles of state and federal levees, along with local flood protection projects, have cut off approximately 95% of historical floodplain wetlands from their river channels. In the 2017 pilot year, the The Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project surveyed existing wetland habitat types over a broad swath of the Sacramento Valley, both inside and outside of the levees. By comparing and contrasting hydrologic conditions and aquatic food web dynamics across the spectrum of existing wetland habitat types (i.e., river channel, managed wetlands, farm fields and bypasses), the project will 1) improve understanding of aquatic food web productivity in the Sacramento Valley and 2) assess examines the potential for these diverse managed aquatic habitats, –including the hundreds of thousands of acres of floodplain farmland (primarily ricelands) and managed wetlandswetlands (duck clubs and refuges)–to contribute fish food to the Sacramento Valley ecosystem where it can benefit fish. The project brings together government agencies, conservation groups, growers and water suppliers to pioneer new practices aimed at re- activating our critical floodplains to contribute food resources to into the river ecosystem, bolster in-river and Delta food webs, and help support recovery of endangered fish populations. Launched in the fall of 2016, the Fish Food project has documented abundant zooplankton and invertebrate production (fish food) in managed floodplain/wetland habitat types including: ricelands, Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources into the River Ecosystem duck clubs, wildlife refuges and flood bypasses. In every floodplain habitat type sampled, zooplankton densities were far greater than those found in adjacent river channels. In 2018, results verified that this “standing stock” of floodplain derived zooplankton fish food can be exported to the river when fields are drained. In 2019, the project will assess how to optimize the impact of floodplain fish food “subsidy” to the river ecosystem. Specifically, the partners will be undertaking a series of experiments to evaluate how draining 5,000- acres of intentionally inundated ricelands affects juvenile salmon growth rates in the Sacramento River at the location where the floodplain-enhanced water enters the river. Cultivating Ecological Solutions on Agricultural Lands Floodplains are the act as “solar panels” that power for large rivers by powering the aquatic food webs and create fueling the creation of abundant populations of fish and wildlife in large river valleyswildlife. An explosion of life in winter-flooded Shallowly inundated floodplain wetlands generates generate a huge tremendous biomass of bugs and zooplankton—the foundation of the aquatic food web. Floodplains make bugs, and bugs make healthy fish. Now science has shown that if farmers mimic natural flood patterns by inundating their floodplain farm land during fall and winter when they are not growing food for people, these same fields can generate tremendous biomass of food for fish. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate natural food web productivity and deliver floodplain-derived nutrients and fish food resources back to the river and Delta where fish populations can access them. Without hydrologically reconnecting floodplain food factories to river channels, recovery of historical numbers of fish and wildlife will be impossible. But science has shown that it’s possible to mimic natural floodplain productivity by inundating floodplain farm fields in winter when they are not in use by farmers. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate the flow of floodplain food resources and nutrients back to the river and Delta. Reconnecting floodplain food factories to the river and Delta will help recover historical fish and wildlife populations of California’s Central ValleyValley will be impossible. Win-Win Even during times of drought, California can get far more pop per drop from water used by putting it to work to create multiple benefits for both fish and people on its way downstream. The innovative water management pioneered in our projects demonstrated demonstrates that California can have its both robust populations of fish, birds and wildlife and productive agriculture. Together we are integrating a working scientific knowledge of rivers, fish and its wildlife into farm and water operations. This is the new way forward. Reactivating the Floodplain Turning Science into Action More than a hundred years ago, before the Central Valley was developed, leveed and drained, food made on inundated floodplains supported large fish and wildlife populations in the Central Valley and downstream Puddle Power! in the Delta. Today, rivers are cut off from these floodplain food factories by levees leaving salmon and smelt populations starving. The Sacramento Valley has more than 500,000 acres of managed agricultural floodplain on the dry side of the levees. Named Operation FATFISH because we are Flooding Agricultural Tracts For Improved Salmon Habitat, this project works with growers and water suppliers to develop new operations and practices that reintegrate natural floodplain fish food production into farm and water management. Our goal is to have fish food produced in floodplain “wetlands” once again connected to the river so that it may contribute to the resiliency of the river ecosystem, A Cooperative Partnership food webs, and help recover Central Valley fish and wildlife populations. Just like the rest of us, fish need to eat. For California’s water system to function effectively, threatened fish populations in the river must have access to the abundant food resources created in wetlands when winter flood waters spread out and slow down across floodplains. By improving our understanding of food web dynamics across multiple wetland habitats on both sides of the levees this project lays the foundation for functional integration of agricultural floodplains into the operations and management of California’s water system. Reactivating California’s floodplains in an era of severe storms and a changing climate will help restore salmon and smelt populations, enhance bird populations, sustain farms, recharge aquifers, improve food safety, and they can help deliver water supply security to 25 million Californians. The Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project represents a private- public partnership with landowners, water districts, government agencies, NGOs, and university researchers all dedicated to finding solutions that work together for water supply, agriculture, and the environment. Participants and funders include: Contacts: Xxxxx Xxxx, CalTrout xxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx | (000) 000-0000 Xxxxx Xxx, NCWA xxxx@xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | (000) 000-0000 Xxxxxx Ranch Xxxxx Ranches Next Generation Foods Bug density in harmonyfloodplain habitats increases with residence time of water. Reintegrating the Floodplain “Floodplain Fatties” FATFISHLonger inundation = more fish food.

Fish Food Production. Agricultural Floodplain -- Nigiri Project “Rearing and migration of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a large river floodplain” analyzed the relationships between residency time, growth, emigration and survival of wild and hatchery fish in off-channel floodplain habitat. The study indicates that increased flooding of the Yolo Bypass would increase off-channel rearing opportunities that could increase the quantity and diversity of Central Valley Chinook salmon. PLOS ONE published “Floodplain farm fields provide novel rearing habitat for Chinook salmon”. The peer-reviewed scientific paper reports the results of the 2012 pilot study at Xxxxxx Ranch in Yolo Bypass. This scientific paper provides a useful overview of work to integrate floodplain habitats and food web productivity in the management of California river systems. “Zooplankton ecology and trophic resources for rearing native fish on an agricultural floodplain in the Yolo Bypass California, USA” was published earlier this year in the journal Wetlands Ecology and Management and reported results from one of the 2013 Yolo Bypass experiments. Notably, the paper reports zooplankton densities 300,000% greater on the Yolo Bypass floodplain than in the adjacent Sacramento River channel. December 8, 2017 Fish Food February 2019 FishFood on Floodplain Farm Fields Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources into the River Ecosystem In the Central Valley, more than two thousand miles of state and federal levees, along with local flood protection projects, have cut off approximately 95% of historical floodplain wetlands from their river channels. In the 2017 pilot year, the The Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project surveyed existing wetland habitat types over a broad swath of the Sacramento Valley, both inside and outside of the levees. By comparing and contrasting hydrologic conditions and aquatic food web dynamics across the spectrum of existing wetland habitat types (i.e., river channel, managed wetlands, farm fields and bypasses), the project will 1) improve understanding of aquatic food web productivity in the Sacramento Valley and 2) assess examines the potential for these diverse managed aquatic habitats, –including the hundreds of thousands of acres of floodplain farmland (primarily ricelands) and managed wetlandswetlands (duck clubs and refuges)–to contribute fish food to the Sacramento Valley ecosystem where it can benefit fish. The project brings together government agencies, conservation groups, growers and water suppliers to pioneer new practices aimed at re- activating our critical floodplains to contribute food resources to into the river ecosystem, bolster in-river and Delta food webs, and help support recovery of endangered fish populations. Launched in the fall of 2016, the Fish Food project has documented abundant zooplankton and invertebrate production (fish food) in managed floodplain/wetland habitat types including: ricelands, Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources into the River Ecosystem duck clubs, wildlife refuges and flood bypasses. In every floodplain habitat type sampled, zooplankton densities were far greater than those found in adjacent river channels. In 2018, results verified that this “standing stock” of floodplain derived zooplankton fish food can be exported to the river when fields are drained. In 2019, the project will assess how to optimize the impact of floodplain fish food “subsidy” to the river ecosystem. Specifically, the partners will be undertaking a series of experiments to evaluate how draining 5,000- acres of intentionally inundated ricelands affects juvenile salmon growth rates in the Sacramento River at the location where the floodplain-enhanced water enters the river. Cultivating Ecological Solutions on Agricultural Lands Floodplains are the act as “solar panels” that power for large rivers by powering the aquatic food webs and create fueling the creation of abundant populations of fish and wildlife in large river valleyswildlife. An explosion of life in winter-flooded Shallowly inundated floodplain wetlands generates generate a huge tremendous biomass of bugs and zooplankton—the foundation of the aquatic food web. Floodplains make bugs, and bugs make healthy fish. Now science has shown that if farmers mimic natural flood patterns by inundating their floodplain farm land during fall and winter when they are not growing food for people, these same fields can generate tremendous biomass of food for fish. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate natural food web productivity and deliver floodplain-derived nutrients and fish food resources back to the river and Delta where fish populations can access them. Without hydrologically reconnecting floodplain food factories to river channels, recovery of historical numbers of fish and wildlife will be impossible. But science has shown that it’s possible to mimic natural floodplain productivity by inundating floodplain farm fields in winter when they are not in use by farmers. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate the flow of floodplain food resources and nutrients back to the river and Delta. Reconnecting floodplain food factories to the river and Delta will help recover historical fish and wildlife populations of California’s Central ValleyValley will be impossible. Win-Win Even during times of drought, California can get far more pop per drop from water used by putting it to work to create multiple benefits for both fish and people on its way downstream. The innovative water management pioneered in our projects demonstrated demonstrates that California can have its both robust populations of fish, birds and wildlife and productive agriculture. Together we are integrating a working scientific knowledge of rivers, fish and its wildlife into farm and water operations. This is the new way forward. Reactivating the Floodplain Turning Science into Action More than a hundred years ago, before the Central Valley was developed, leveed and drained, food made on inundated floodplains supported large fish and wildlife populations in the Central Valley and downstream Puddle Power! in the Delta. Today, rivers are cut off from these floodplain food factories by levees leaving salmon and smelt populations starving. The Sacramento Valley has more than 500,000 acres of managed agricultural floodplain on the dry side of the levees. Named Operation FATFISH because we are Flooding Agricultural Tracts For Improved Salmon Habitat, this project works with growers and water suppliers to develop new operations and practices that reintegrate natural floodplain fish food production into farm and water management. Our goal is to have fish food produced in floodplain “wetlands” once again connected to the river so that it may contribute to the resiliency of the river ecosystem, A Cooperative Partnership food webs, and help recover Central Valley fish and wildlife populations. Just like the rest of us, fish need to eat. For California’s water system to function effectively, threatened fish populations in the river must have access to the abundant food resources created in wetlands when winter flood waters spread out and slow down across floodplains. By improving our understanding of food web dynamics across multiple wetland habitats on both sides of the levees this project lays the foundation for functional integration of agricultural floodplains into the operations and management of California’s water system. Reactivating California’s floodplains in an era of severe storms and a changing climate will help restore salmon and smelt populations, enhance bird populations, sustain farms, recharge aquifers, improve food safety, and they can help deliver water supply security to 25 million Californians. The Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project represents a private- public partnership with landowners, water districts, government agencies, NGOs, and university researchers all dedicated to finding solutions that work together for water supply, agriculture, and the environment. Participants and funders include: Contacts: Xxxxx Xxxx, CalTrout xxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx | (000) 000-0000 Xxxxx Xxx, NCWA xxxx@xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx | (000) 000-0000 Xxxxxx Ranch Xxxxx Ranches Next Generation Foods Bug density in harmonyfloodplain habitats increases with residence time of water. Reintegrating the Floodplain “Floodplain Fatties” FATFISHLonger inundation = more fish food.

Fish Food Production. Agricultural Floodplain -- Nigiri Project “Rearing and migration of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a large river floodplain” analyzed the relationships between residency time, growth, emigration and survival of wild and hatchery fish in off-channel floodplain habitat. The study indicates that increased flooding of the Yolo Bypass would increase off-channel rearing opportunities that could increase the quantity and diversity of Central Valley Chinook salmon. PLOS ONE published “Floodplain farm fields provide novel rearing habitat for Chinook salmon”. The peer-reviewed scientific paper reports the results of the 2012 pilot study at Xxxxxx Ranch in Yolo Bypass. This scientific paper provides a useful overview of work to integrate floodplain habitats and food web productivity in the management of California river systems. “Zooplankton ecology and trophic resources for rearing native fish on an agricultural floodplain in the Yolo Bypass California, USA” was published earlier this year in the journal Wetlands Ecology and Management and reported results from one of the 2013 Yolo Bypass experiments. Notably, the paper reports zooplankton densities 300,000% greater on the Yolo Bypass floodplain than in the adjacent Sacramento River channel. December 8July 21, 2017 Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Re-integrating Floodplain Food Resources 2017 Pilot Year Sacramento Valley Objectives and background Currently, hundreds of thousands of acres of rice ground in the Sacramento Valley are flooded in fall and early winter to aid in rice stubble decomposition (decomp). While these fields are inundated they produce conditions similar to natural floodplain wetlands which were once hugely important producers of food for the aquatic environment that supported vast numbers of waterfowl and native fish including salmon and smelt. Unfortunately, under current practices decomp water is allowed to percolate into the River Ecosystem In ground and very little of the Central Valley, more than two thousand miles “fish food” produced on these managed agricultural floodplains makes it back to the river. The Project goal of state and federal levees, along with local flood protection projects, have cut off approximately 95% of historical floodplain wetlands from their river channels. In the 2017 pilot year, the Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields Project surveyed existing wetland habitat types over pilot project is to engage a broad swath group of the Sacramento Valley, both inside and outside of the levees. By comparing and contrasting hydrologic conditions and aquatic food web dynamics across the spectrum of existing wetland habitat types (i.e., river channel, managed wetlands, farm fields and bypasses), the project will 1) improve understanding of aquatic food web productivity historical “first adopters” in the Sacramento Valley and 2) assess to modify their winter flooding practices of ag lands– primarily rice ground– in an attempt to better understand how floodplain productivity can be reintegrated into the potential for these diverse aquatic habitats, including the hundreds of thousands of acres of floodplain farmland and managed wetlands, to contribute food resources to the river ecosystem, bolster in-river and Delta food webs, and help support recovery of endangered fish populations. Cultivating Ecological Solutions on Agricultural Lands Floodplains are the “solar panels” that power aquatic food webs and create abundant populations of fish and wildlife in large river valleys. An explosion of life in winter-flooded floodplain wetlands generates a huge biomass of bugs and zooplankton—the foundation of the Sacramento River aquatic food web. Floodplains make bugs, and bugs make healthy fish. Without hydrologically reconnecting floodplain With guidance from the Technical Advisory Committee subsequent years of study will investigate ways to enhance the Sacramento Valley aquatic food factories to river channels, recovery of historical numbers of fish and wildlife will be impossible. But science has shown that it’s possible to mimic natural floodplain productivity by inundating floodplain farm fields in winter when they are not in use by farmers. This project will pioneer on-farm water management practices to re-integrate the flow web through “draining” of floodplain food resources and nutrients production back to the river River Channel where it can benefit fish populations. The team will also investigate the scale of effect and Delta. Reconnecting magnitude of impact of floodplain food factories trophic subsidy to the river ecosystem and Delta will help recover historical fish and wildlife populations of California’s Central Valley. Win-Win Even during times of droughtattempt to understand how far downstream, California can get far more pop per drop from water used by putting it to work to create multiple benefits for both fish and people on its way downstream. The innovative water management pioneered in our projects demonstrated that California can have its fish and its farmsif at all, floodplain food, and they can work together in harmony. Reintegrating the Floodplain “Floodplain Fatties” FATFISHnutrients travel from their point of origin.