Common use of Interest Rate Swap Transactions Clause in Contracts

Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might swap the right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will not enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify on its books liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments it received. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can enter into swap transactions with certain counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of one or more swap transactions, the amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amount. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these agreements, if a default results in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxx-to-market value at the time of the termination of each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the Fund is required to operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the use of futures as established by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). In particular, the Fund is exempted from registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" if the Fund complies with the requirements of Rule 4.5 adopted by the CFTC. The Rule does not limit the percentage of the Fund's assets that may be used for futures margin and related options premiums for a bona fide hedging position. However, under the Rule, the Fund must limit its aggregate initial futures margin and related options premiums to not more than 5% of the Fund's net assets for hedging strategies that are not considered bona fide hedging strategies under the Rule. Under the Rule, the Fund must also use short futures and options on futures solely for bona fide hedging purposes within the meaning and intent of the applicable provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Transactions in options by the Fund are subject to limitations established by the option exchanges. The exchanges limit the maximum number of options that may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Those limits apply regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or different exchanges or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more different exchanges or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other entities, including other investment companies having the same advisor as the Fund (or an advisor that is an affiliate of the Fund's advisor). The exchanges also impose position limits on Futures transactions. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions. Under the Investment Company Act, when the Fund purchases a future, it must maintain cash or readily marketable short-term debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of the securities underlying the future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. The account must be a segregated account or accounts held by the Fund's custodian bank. The Fund will maintain other segregated accounts in appropriate cases. |_| Tax Aspects of Certain Hedging Instruments. Certain foreign currency exchange contracts in which the Fund may invest are treated as "Section 1256 contracts" under the Internal Revenue Code. In general, gains or losses relating to Section 1256 contracts are characterized as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses under the Code. However, foreign currency gains or losses arising from Section 1256 contracts that are forward contracts generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. In addition, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked-to-market," and unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. These contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of determining the excise tax applicable to investment company distributions and for other purposes under rules prescribed pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An election can be made by the Fund to exempt those transactions from this marked-to-market treatment. Certain forward contracts the Fund enters into may result in "straddles" for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains (or losses) recognized by the Fund on straddle positions. Generally, a loss sustained on the disposition of a position making up a straddle is allowed only to the extent that the loss exceeds any unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle. Disallowed loss is generally allowed at the point where there is no unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle, or the offsetting position is disposed of. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the following gains or losses are treated as ordinary income or loss:

Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might may swap the a right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter enters into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will may not enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify on its books segregate liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government Government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Income from interest rate swaps may be taxable. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be have been greater than the payments it receivedthose received by it. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can will enter into swap transactions with certain appropriate counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty under the master agreement shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If on any date amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of under one or more swap transactions, the net amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amountpaid. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can may terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these master netting agreements, if there is a default results resulting in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is are calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxx-to-market value at the time of the termination of with respect to each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are is generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the Fund is required to operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the use of futures as established by the Commodities Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). In particular, the Fund is exempted from registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" if the Fund complies with the requirements of Rule 4.5 adopted by the CFTC. The That Rule does not limit the percentage of the Fund's assets that may be used for futures margin and related options premiums for a bona fide hedging position. However, under the Rule, Rule the Fund must limit its aggregate initial futures margin and related options premiums to not no more than 5% of the Fund's net assets for hedging strategies that are not considered bona fide hedging strategies under the Rule. Under the Rule, the Fund also must also use short futures and options on futures positions solely for bona fide hedging purposes within the meaning and intent of the applicable provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Transactions in options by the Fund are subject to limitations established by the option exchanges. The exchanges limit the maximum number of options that may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Those limits apply regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or different exchanges exchanges, or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more different exchanges or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other entities, including other investment companies having the same advisor adviser as the Fund (or an advisor adviser that is an affiliate of the Fund's advisoradviser). The exchanges also impose position limits on Futures futures transactions. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions. Under the Investment Company Act, when the Fund purchases a an interest rate future or municipal bond index future, it must maintain cash or readily marketable short-term debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of the securities investments underlying the future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. The account must be a segregated account or accounts held by the Fund's its custodian bank. The Fund will maintain other segregated accounts in appropriate cases. |_| Tax Aspects of Certain Hedging Instruments. Certain foreign currency exchange contracts in which the Fund may invest are treated as "Section 1256 contracts" under the Internal Revenue Code. In general, gains or losses relating to Section 1256 contracts are characterized as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses under the Code. However, foreign currency gains or losses arising from Section 1256 contracts that are forward contracts generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. In addition, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked-to-market," and unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. These contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of determining the excise tax applicable to investment company distributions and for other purposes under rules prescribed pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An election can be made by the Fund to exempt those transactions from this marked-to-market treatment. Certain forward contracts the Fund enters into may result in "straddles" for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains (or losses) recognized by the Fund on straddle positions. Generally, a loss sustained on the disposition of a position making up a straddle is allowed only to the extent that the loss exceeds any unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle. Disallowed loss is generally allowed at the point where there is no unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle, or the offsetting position is disposed of. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the following gains or losses are treated as ordinary income or loss:.

Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might may swap the a right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will not can enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify on its books segregate liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government Government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Income from interest rate swaps may be taxable. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be have been greater than the payments it receivedthose received by it. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can enter into swap transactions with certain appropriate counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty under the master agreement shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If on any date amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of under one or more swap transactions, the net amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amountpaid. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these master netting agreements, if there is a default results resulting in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is are calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxx-to-market value at the time of the termination of with respect to each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are is generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the Fund is required to operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the use of futures as established by the Commodities Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). In particular, the Fund is exempted from registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" if the Fund complies with the requirements of Rule 4.5 adopted by the CFTC. The That Rule does not limit the percentage of the Fund's assets that may be used for futures Futures margin and related options premiums for a bona fide hedging position. However, under the Rule, Rule the Fund must limit its aggregate initial futures margin and related options premiums to not no more than 5% of the Fund's net assets for hedging strategies that are not considered bona fide hedging strategies under the Rule. Under the Rule, the Fund also must also use short futures and options on futures positions solely for bona fide hedging purposes within the meaning and intent of the applicable provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Transactions in options by the Fund are subject to limitations established by the option exchanges. The exchanges limit the maximum number of options that may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Those limits apply regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or different exchanges exchanges, or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more different exchanges or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other entities, including other investment companies having the same advisor adviser as the Fund (or an advisor adviser that is an affiliate of the Fund's advisoradviser). The exchanges also impose position limits on Futures futures transactions. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions. Under the Investment Company Act, when the Fund purchases a an interest rate future or municipal bond index future, it must maintain cash or readily marketable short-term debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of the securities investments underlying the future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. The account must be a segregated account or accounts held by the Fund's its custodian bank. The Fund will maintain other segregated accounts in appropriate cases. |_| Tax Aspects of Certain Hedging Instruments. Certain foreign currency exchange contracts in which the Fund may invest are treated as "Section 1256 contracts" under the Internal Revenue Code. In general, gains or losses relating to Section 1256 contracts are characterized as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses under the Code. However, foreign currency gains or losses arising from Section 1256 contracts that are forward contracts generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. In addition, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked-to-market," and unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. These contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of determining the excise tax applicable to investment company distributions and for other purposes under rules prescribed pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An election can be made by the Fund to exempt those transactions from this marked-to-market treatment. Certain forward contracts the Fund enters into may result in "straddles" for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains (or losses) recognized by the Fund on straddle positions. Generally, a loss sustained on the disposition of a position making up a straddle is allowed only to the extent that the loss exceeds any unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle. Disallowed loss is generally allowed at the point where there is no unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle, or the offsetting position is disposed of. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the following gains or losses are treated as ordinary income or loss:.

Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might swap the a right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will may not enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify liquid assets on its books liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Income from interest rate swaps may be taxable. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be have been greater than the payments it receivedthose received by it. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can enter into swap transactions with certain appropriate counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty under the master agreement shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If on any date amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of under one or more swap transactions, the net amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amountpaid. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these master netting agreements, if there is a default results resulting in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is are calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxx-to-market value at the time of the termination of with respect to each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are is generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the Fund is required to operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the use of futures as established by the Commodities Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). In particular, the Fund is exempted from registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" if the Fund complies with the requirements of Rule 4.5 adopted by the CFTC. The That Rule does not limit the percentage of the Fund's assets that may be used for futures margin and related options premiums for a bona fide hedging position. However, under the Rule, Rule the Fund must limit its aggregate initial futures margin and related options premiums to not no more than 5% of the Fund's net assets for hedging strategies that are not considered bona fide hedging strategies under the Rule. Under the Rule, the Fund also must also use short futures and options on futures positions solely for bona fide hedging purposes within the meaning and intent of the applicable provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Transactions in options by the Fund are subject to limitations established by the option exchanges. The exchanges limit the maximum number of options that may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Those limits apply regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or different exchanges exchanges, or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more different exchanges or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other entities, including other investment companies having the same advisor adviser as the Fund (or an advisor adviser that is an affiliate of the Fund's advisoradviser). The exchanges also impose position limits on Futures futures transactions. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions. Under the Investment Company Act, when the Fund purchases a an interest rate future or municipal bond index future, it must maintain cash or readily marketable short-term debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of the securities investments underlying the future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. The account must be a segregated account or accounts held by the Fund's custodian bank. The Fund will maintain other segregated accounts in appropriate cases. |_| Tax Aspects of Certain Hedging Instruments. Certain foreign currency exchange contracts in which the Fund may invest are treated as "Section 1256 contracts" under the Internal Revenue Code. In general, gains or losses relating to Section 1256 contracts are characterized as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses under the Code. However, foreign currency gains or losses arising from Section 1256 contracts that are forward contracts generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. In addition, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked-to-market," and unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. These contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of determining the excise tax applicable to investment company distributions and for other purposes under rules prescribed pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An election can be made by the Fund to exempt those transactions from this marked-to-market treatment. Certain forward contracts the Fund enters into may result in "straddles" for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains (or losses) recognized by the Fund on straddle positions. Generally, a loss sustained on the disposition of a position making up a straddle is allowed only to the extent that the loss exceeds any unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle. Disallowed loss is generally allowed at the point where there is no unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle, or the offsetting position is disposed of. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the following gains or losses are treated as ordinary income or loss:.

Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might swap the right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will not enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify on its books liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments it received. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can enter into swap transactions with certain counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of one or more swap transactions, the amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amount. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these agreements, if a default results in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxxmark-to-market value at the time of the termination of each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are is generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the Fund is required to operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the use of futures as established by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). In particular, the Fund is exempted from registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" if the Fund complies with the requirements of Rule 4.5 adopted by the CFTC. The Rule does not limit the percentage of the Fund's assets that may be used for futures margin and related options premiums for a bona fide hedging position. However, under the Rule, the Fund must limit its aggregate initial futures margin and related options premiums to not more than 5% of the Fund's net assets for hedging strategies that are not considered bona fide hedging strategies under the Rule. Under the Rule, the Fund must also use short futures and options on futures solely for bona fide hedging purposes within the meaning and intent of the applicable provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Transactions in options by the Fund are subject to limitations established by the option exchanges. The exchanges limit the maximum number of options that may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. Those limits apply regardless of whether the options were written or purchased on the same or different exchanges or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more different exchanges or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by other entities, including other investment companies having the same advisor as the Fund (or an advisor that is an affiliate of the Fund's advisor). The exchanges also impose position limits on Futures transactions. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of those limits and may impose certain other sanctions. Under the Investment Company Act, when the Fund purchases a future, it must maintain cash or readily marketable short-term debt instruments in an amount equal to the market value of the securities underlying the future, less the margin deposit applicable to it. The account must be a segregated account or accounts held by the Fund's custodian bank. The Fund will maintain other segregated accounts in appropriate cases. |_| Tax Aspects of Certain Hedging Instruments. Certain foreign currency exchange contracts in which the Fund may invest are treated as "Section 1256 contracts" under the Internal Revenue Code. In general, gains or losses relating to Section 1256 contracts are characterized as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses under the Code. However, foreign currency gains or losses arising from Section 1256 contracts that are forward contracts generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. In addition, Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked-to-market," and unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. These contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of determining the excise tax applicable to investment company distributions and for other purposes under rules prescribed pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An election can be made by the Fund to exempt those transactions from this marked-to-market treatment. Certain forward contracts the Fund enters into may result in "straddles" for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains (or losses) recognized by the Fund on straddle positions. Generally, a loss sustained on the disposition of a position making up a straddle is allowed only to the extent that the loss exceeds any unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle. Disallowed loss is generally allowed at the point where there is no unrecognized gain in the offsetting positions making up the straddle, or the offsetting position is disposed of. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the following gains or losses are treated as ordinary income or loss: