Manual calculations. Manual calculations can be used to calculate energy and materials inputs and outputs and environmental interventions such as emissions and resource use. Manual calculations are defined as a data estimation method that involves calculations done manually, e.g. using mathematical and physical equations, stoichiometry, scaling factors, etc. Basic mathematical and physical equations can be used to calculate data manually. Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx (2017), who up-scaled epitaxial graphene production from lab and pilot scale to industrial scale, calculated the energy for heating silicon carbide (SiC) wafer using heat equation: E = cpm∆T (1) where: E – required heat for the temperature change cp – heat capacity of SiC m – mass of the SiC wafer ∆T – temperature change Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx (2017) also calculated the mass of SiC required for graphene production. First, they made assumptions regarding the thickness of the SiC wafers at industrial scale. For the worst-case scenario, they assumed that the wafer thickness would be the same as at pilot scale, 500 µm. For the best-case scenario, they assumed that increased production of epitaxial graphene would spur the development of thinner SiC wafers so that a thickness of 50 µm would be obtained. Using these thickness values, they calculated the mass of SiC required to make the wafers by using the following equation: m = where: 𝑁𝜋(2)^ 2 ℎ𝑝 𝑁𝜋(2)^2
Manual calculations recovery = Area std 2 x weight imp in Std 1 x 100 Mean area std 1 weight imp in Std 2 Assay (%w/w) = Area(sample) x Weight of std (mg) x reference purity x RF Mean area (std1) weight of sample (mg) Assay anhydrous = Assay x 100 ----------------------- 100 - % water content Weighed Impurity content (%w/w) = Area(sample) x weight of impurity (mg) x 1 x Reference purity ------------------------------------------------------------- Mean area (std1) weight of sample (mg) 100 [**] [LOGO] Authorized: [**] (MICRONISED IR) Page 15 of 19 METHOD OF ANALYSIS No: [**]Version 3 The identity shall be positive if the retention time of the [**] resembles that of an authentic reference standard within +/- 0.5 mins.
