NORMAL CONDUCTING RF STRUCTURES Sample Clauses

NORMAL CONDUCTING RF STRUCTURES. 4.4.1. Description Radio Frequency acceleration technology (normal conducting) was introduced 90 years ago (e.g. drift tube linacs) and is still the standard reference for acceleration, used in the majority of particle accelerators worldwide. There are irreplaceable in the front-end injection systems of proton and ion linear accelerators (e.g, Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole). Normal-conducting RF cavities are characterised by a large variety of designs (single cell, multi-cell, TE-mode, TM-mode, RFQ, etc.), operating frequencies (from the kHz to the multi-GHz range), operating modes (CW or pulsed, tunable or fixed frequency, coupled or stand-alone, etc.), and of construction technologies (Cu-plated or full copper, bolted, welded or brazed). The availability of simple designs using conventional fabrication techniques makes normal-conducting RF accessible to small universities and laboratories without the need for specialised infrastructure. Conversely, sophisticated designs reaching challenging parameters and/or large-scale productions require specific technological infrastructure for the manufacturing and for the processing of the cavities.
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