Common use of Prior to an IPO Clause in Contracts

Prior to an IPO. If it shall be determined that any benefit provided to the Executive or payment or distribution by or for the account of the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive, whether provided, paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise (a “Payment”) prior to the completion of an IPO would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax resulting from any action or inaction by the Company (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, collectively, the “Excise Tax”), then the Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “Gross-Up Payment”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of the Excise Tax and all other income, employment, excise and other taxes that are imposed on the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (A) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (B) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-up Payment in the Executive’s adjusted gross income and the applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Executive’s Gross-Up Payment is to be made. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive would be entitled to the Gross-Up Payment, but that the Parachute Value of all Payments does not exceed an amount equal to three hundred and ten percent (310%) of the Executive’s Base Amount, then no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive and the amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced so that the Parachute Value of all Payments, in the aggregate, equals the Safe Harbor Amount; provided that such reduction shall only be made if such reduction results in a more favorable after-tax position for the Executive. If there is a reduction pursuant to this Section 10(a) of the Payments to be delivered to the Executive, such Payments shall be reduced to the extent necessary to avoid application of the excise tax in the following order: (i) any cash severance based on a multiple of Base Salary or Annual Bonus, (ii) any other cash amounts payable to the Executive, (iii) benefits valued as parachute payments, and (iv) acceleration of vesting of any equity awards. (i) Subject to the provisions of Section 10(a)(ii), all determinations required to be made under this Section 10, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by the Company’s independent, certified public accounting firm or such other certified public accounting firm as may be designated by the Company prior to the Change in Control (the “Accounting Firm”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within fifteen (15) business days of the receipt of notice from the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company. If the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting a change in the ownership or effective control (as defined for purposes of Section 280G of the Code) of the Company, the Executive shall appoint another nationally recognized accounting firm which is reasonably acceptable to the Company to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company. Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 10, shall be paid by the Company to the Executive within five (5) days of the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination but in any event by the end of the year following the year in which the applicable tax is remitted. Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that additional Gross-Up Payments shall be required to be made to compensate the Executive for amounts of Excise Tax later determined to be due, consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder (an “Underpayment”). If the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 10(a)(ii) and the Executive is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. (ii) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30)-day period following the date on which it gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that they desire to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (A) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim; (B) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company; (C) cooperate with the Company in good faith effectively to contest such claim; and (D) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties incurred in connection with such contest) and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.

Prior to an IPO. If it shall be determined that any benefit provided to the Executive or payment or distribution by or for the account of the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive, whether provided, paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise (a “Payment”) prior to the completion of an IPO would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, or any interest or penalties are incurred by the Executive with respect to such excise tax resulting from any action or inaction by the Company (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, collectively, the “Excise Tax”), then the Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “Gross-Up Gross‑Up Payment”) in an amount such that after payment by the Executive of the Excise Tax and all other income, employment, excise and other taxes that are imposed on the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the sum of (A) the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments and (B) the product of any deductions disallowed because of the inclusion of the Gross-up Payment in the Executive’s adjusted gross income and the applicable marginal rate of federal income taxation for the calendar year in which the Executive’s Gross-Up Payment is to be made. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(a), if it shall be determined that the Executive would be entitled to the Gross-Up Payment, but that the Parachute Value of all Payments does not exceed an amount equal to three hundred and ten percent (310%) of the Executive’s Base Amount, then no Gross-Up Payment shall be made to the Executive and the amounts payable under this Agreement shall be reduced so that the Parachute Value of all Payments, in the aggregate, equals the Safe Harbor Amount; provided that such reduction shall only be made if such reduction results in a more favorable after-tax position for the Executive. If there is a reduction pursuant to this Section 10(a) of the Payments to be delivered to the Executive, such Payments shall be reduced to the extent necessary to avoid application of the excise tax in the following order: (i) any cash severance based on a multiple of Base Salary or Annual Bonus, (ii) any other cash amounts payable to the Executive, (iii) benefits valued as parachute payments, and (iv) acceleration of vesting of any equity awards. (i) Subject to the provisions of Section 10(a)(ii), all determinations required to be made under this Section 10, including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by the Company’s independent, certified public accounting firm or such other certified public accounting firm as may be designated by the Company prior to the Change in Control (the “Accounting Firm”) which shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within fifteen (15) business days of the receipt of notice from the Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company. If the Accounting Firm is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting a change in the ownership or effective control (as defined for purposes of Section 280G of the Code) of the Company, the Executive shall appoint another nationally recognized accounting firm which is reasonably acceptable to the Company to make the determinations required hereunder (which accounting firm shall then be referred to as the Accounting Firm hereunder). All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company. Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 10, shall be paid by the Company to the Executive within five (5) days of the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination but in any event by the end of the year following the year in which the applicable tax is remitted. Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that additional Gross-Up Payments shall be required to be made to compensate the Executive for amounts of Excise Tax later determined to be due, consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder (an “Underpayment”). If the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 10(a)(ii) and the Executive is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of the Executive. (ii) The Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment. Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable but no later than ten (10) business days after the Executive is informed in writing of such claim and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid. The Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the thirty (30)-day period following the date on which it gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due). If the Company notifies the Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that they desire to contest such claim, the Executive shall: (A) give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim; (B) take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including, without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company; (C) cooperate with the Company in good faith effectively to contest such claim; and (D) permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties incurred in connection with such contest) and shall indemnify and hold the Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.