Relative clauses Sample Clauses

Relative clauses. The presence of relative clauses introduces a complication into the grammar, in that the representations of number and verb argument structure must be clause-specific. curs1. (It may additionally reduce the number of variables by effectively removing the linearly dependent set of axes). These new axes permit us to visualize the state space in a way which hopefully allows us to see how the network solves the task. (A shortcoming of PCA is that it is linear; however, the combination of the PCA factors at the next level may be non-linear, and so this representation of information may give an incomplete pic- ture of the actual computation.) Each dimension (eigenvector) has an associated eigen- value, the magnitude of which indicates the amount of variance accounted for by that di- mension. This allows one to focus on dimensions which may be of particular significance; it also allows a post hoc estimate of the number of hidden units which might actually be required for the task. Figure 5 shows a graph of the eigenvalues of the 70 eigenvectors which were extracted.

Relative clauses. Thus far, I have developed an analysis of the DP-internal adjective phrase in Ara- bic. I claim that an adjective phrase has a clause-like structure, and that the adjec- tive agrees with a subject internal to the DegP. Furthermore, I have shown that the adjective phrase contains a resumptive pronoun, and that the definiteness marker on the adjective plays a role in identifying this resumptive pronoun. In this sec- tion, I take a quick look at relative clauses, which appear to have a very similar structure. A relative clause in Arabic is a clause with normal word order that follows the noun it modifies. The relative clause contains a resumptive pronoun and there is no wh-element.12 The relative clause is introduced by a relative clause marker. (15) al-ragˇuli allad¯ı ra’aytu-hui the-man REL¯ I.saw-him ‘the man that I saw’ The relative clause marker agrees with the antecedent in gender and number. In (15), allad¯ı is marked for masculine singular. When the antecedent is feminine and/or plura¯l, it takes different forms. (16) a. al-mar’ai allat¯ı ra’aytu-ha¯i the-woman REL.SG.F I.saw-her 10This is presumably some interpretational process beyond the scope of syntax. 11The exact nature of the binding that takes place between the nominal and the adjectival D heads needs further explanation, because it is not typical operator-variable binding. I will leave this matter to future research.

Relative clauses. The last aspect of Turkish morpho-syntax that will be used in this thesis is the relative clauses. Turkish relative clauses typically precede the head they modify as in (14).4 The subject of the relative clause is marked with the genitive case when the subject is specific. The subject specificity also affects the nominalizer used in relative clauses. With specific subjects, -dIK suffix is used as in (14a), whereas -An is used with non-specific subjects as in (14b). Another possible nominalizer in relative clauses is -AcAK, which always has a genitive-marked subject (14c). In this thesis, we always use relative clauses with -dIK nominalizers.