JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                              EXHIBIT 1

                       JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

   The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G
to which this Agreement is attached.


                Dated: March 12, 2001



                                 ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                   for itself and as general partner of
                                   ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

                                 By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                      ---------------------
                                       Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                       President


                                  XXXXXX X. XXXXXXX

                                  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                  ---------------------


                                  XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX

                                  /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx
                                  --------------------------