JOINT FILING AGREEMENT The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to which this Agreement is attached. Dated: February 13, 2002 ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION for itself and as general partner of ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED...

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

         The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.




                           Dated:  February 13, 2002


                             ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                 for itself and as general partner of
                                 ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP


                             By: /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                 -----------------------------------
                                        Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                        President

                              XXXXXX X. XXXXXXX

                              /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                              -----------------------------------------------

                              XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX

                              /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx
                              -----------------------------------------------