JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                    Exhibit 99.1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

The undersigned hereby agree that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13D is
filed on behalf of each of the undersigned in accordance with the provisions of
Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that
all subsequent amendments to this statement on Schedule 13D may be filed on
behalf of each of the undersigned without the necessity of filing additional
joint filing agreements.

Dated:  October 3, 0000



                                        XXXXXXX XXX PARTNERS, L.P.

                                        By: Bedford Oak Management, LLC


                                        By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             Title: Managing Member


                                        BEDFORD OAK CAPITAL, L.P.

                                        By: Bedford Oak Management, LLC

                                        By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             Title: Managing Member


                                        BEDFORD OAK ACORN, L.P.

                                        By: Bedford Oak Management, LLC

                                        By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             Title: Managing Member


                                        BEDFORD OAK ADVISORS, LLC


                                        By: Bedford Oak Management, LLC

                                        By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             Title: Managing Member


                    Signature Page to Joint Filing Agreement



                                        XXXXXX X. XXXXX


                                        By:  /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx



                    Signature Page to Joint Filing Agreement