JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                    EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

         We, the signatories of the statement on Schedule 13G to which this
Agreement is attached, do hereby agree that such statement is, and any
amendments thereto filed by any of us will be, filed on behalf of each of us.

Dated: January 12, 1999

                                       ENERGY MANAGEMENT CORPORATION

                                       By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           --------------------
                                           Name:  Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           Title: Senior Vice President

    
                                       PENGO INDUSTRIES, INC.

                                       By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           --------------------
                                           Name:  Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           Title: Senior Vice President


                                       SOLVATION INC.

                                       By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           --------------------
                                           Name:  Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           Title: Senior Vice President


                                       PENGO, L.L.C.

                                       By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           --------------------
                                           Name:  Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                           Title: Senior Vice President


                                       XXXX X. XXXXX

                                       By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                           -----------------
                                           Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxx

                               Page 13 of 13 Pages