Effective as of
January 23, 1998
As amended
July 19, 2002
AMENDED AND RESTATED
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
VANGUARD EXPLORER FUND
A DELAWARE BUSINESS TRUST
PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS:
000 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX 00000
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
VANGUARD EXPLORER FUND
WHEREAS, this AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST is made and entered into
as of the date set forth below by the Trustees named hereunder for the purpose
of forming a Delaware business trust in accordance with the provisions
hereinafter set forth,
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby direct that a Certificate of Trust be
filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and do
hereby declare that the Trustees will hold IN TRUST all cash, securities and
other assets which the Trust now possesses or may hereafter acquire from time to
time in any manner and manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms
and conditions for the pro rata benefit of the holders of Shares in this Trust.
ARTICLE I.
Name and Definitions
Section 1. Name. This trust shall be known as "VANGUARD EXPLORER FUND" and
the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any
other name as they may from time to time determine.
Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by
the context or specifically provided:
(a) The "Trust" refers to the Delaware business trust established by this
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;
(b) The "Trust Property" means any and all property, real or personal,
tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the
Trust;
(c) "Trustees" refers to the persons who have signed this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, so long as they continue in office in accordance with the
terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to time be duly elected or
appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees in accordance with the provisions
hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or the Trustees shall refer to such
person or persons in their capacity as trustees hereunder;
(d) "Shares" means the shares of beneficial interest into which the
beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes
fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares;
(e) "Shareholder" means a record owner of outstanding Shares;
(f) "Person" means and includes individuals, corporations, partnerships,
trusts, foundations, plans, associations, joint ventures, estates and other
entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and
political subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;
(g) The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the
Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time. References
herein to specific sections of the 1940 Act shall be deemed to include such
Rules and Regulations as are applicable to such sections as determined by the
Trustees or their designees;
(h) The terms "Commission" and "Principal Underwriter" shall have the
respective meanings given them in Section 2(a)(7) and Section (2)(a)(29) of the
1940 Act;
(i) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of
Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;
(j) "By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to
time;
(k) The term "Interested Person" has the meaning given it in Section
2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act;
(l) "Investment Adviser" or "Adviser" means a party furnishing services to
the Trust pursuant to any contract described in Article IV, Section 7(a) hereof;
(m) "Series" refers to each Series of Shares established and designated
under or in accordance with the provisions of Article III.
ARTICLE II.
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business
of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act through one or
more Series investing primarily in securities.
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ARTICLE III.
Shares
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in the
Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of Shares, with a
par value of $ .001 per Share. The Trustees may authorize the division of Shares
into separate Series and the division of Series into separate classes of Shares.
The different Series shall be established and designated, and the variations in
the relative rights and preferences as between the different Series shall be
fixed and determined, by the Trustees. If only one Series shall be established,
the Shares shall have the rights and preferences provided for herein and in
Article III, Section 6 hereof to the extent relevant and not otherwise provided
for herein.
Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III, each Share
shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders of the
Shares of any Series shall be entitled to receive dividends, when, if and as
declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI, Section 1
hereof. No Share shall have any priority or preference over any other Share of
the same Series with respect to dividends or distributions of the Trust or
otherwise. All dividends and distributions shall be made ratably among all
Shareholders of a Series (or class) from the assets held with respect to such
Series according to the number of Shares of such Series (or class) held of
record by such Shareholders on the record date for any dividend or distribution
or on the date of termination of the Trust, as the case may be. Shareholders
shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or
other securities issued by the Trust or any Series. The Trustees may from time
to time divide or combine the Shares of a Series into a greater or lesser number
of Shares of such Series without thereby materially changing the proportionate
beneficial interest of such Shares in the assets held with respect to that
Series or materially affecting the rights of Shares of any other Series.
Section 2. Ownership of Shares. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded
on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which
books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series. No
certificates evidencing the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the
Board of Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may
make such rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares of each
Series (or class) and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by
the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be
conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each Series and as to the
number of Shares of each Series held from time to time by each Shareholder.
Section 3. Investments in the Trust. Investments may be accepted by the
Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such
consideration as the Trustees from time to time may authorize. Each investment
shall be credited to the Shareholder's account in the form of full and
fractional Shares of the Trust, in such Series (or class) as the purchaser shall
select, at the net asset value per Share next determined for such Series (or
class) after receipt of the investment; provided, however, that the Trustees
may, in their sole discretion, impose a sales charge or reimbursement fee upon
investments in the Trust.
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Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability. Shares
shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this
instrument and the By-Laws of the Trust. Every Shareholder by virtue of having
become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the
terms hereof. The death of a Shareholder during the existence of the Trust shall
not operate to terminate the Trust, nor entitle the representative of any
deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or
elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but shall entitle such
representative only to the rights of said deceased Shareholder under this
Declaration of Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle a Shareholder to any
title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust Property or right to call for
a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the
ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners or joint venturers.
Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the
Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder, or to call upon
any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever
other than such as the Shareholder may at any time agree to pay.
Section 5. Power of Board of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to
Shares. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration of Trust to the
contrary, and without limiting the power of the Board of Trustees to amend the
Declaration of Trust as provided elsewhere herein, the Board of Trustees shall
have the power to amend this Declaration of Trust, at any time and from time to
time, in such manner as the Board of Trustees may determine in their sole
discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so as to add to, delete,
replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the Shares contained in
this Declaration of Trust, provided that before adopting any such amendment
without Shareholder approval the Board of Trustees shall determine that it is
consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders and that
Shareholder approval is not required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. If
Shares have been issued, Shareholder approval shall be required to adopt any
amendments to this Declaration of Trust which would adversely affect to a
material degree the rights and preferences of the Shares of any Series (or
class) or to increase or decrease the par value of the Shares of any Series (or
class).
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Shares. The establishment and
designation of any Series (or class) of Shares shall be effective upon the
adoption by a majority of the Trustees, of a resolution which sets forth such
establishment and designation and the relative rights and preferences of such
Series (or class). Each such resolution shall be incorporated herein by
reference upon adoption.
Shares of each Series (or class) established pursuant to this Section 6,
unless otherwise provided in the resolution establishing such Series, shall have
the following relative rights and preferences:
(a) Assets Held with Respect to a Particular Series. All consideration
received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a Series, including
dividends and distributions paid by, and reinvested in, such Series, together
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with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all
income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof from whatever source derived,
including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or
liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any
reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall
irrevocably be held with respect to that Series for all purposes, subject only
to the rights of creditors, and shall be so recorded upon the books of account
of the Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds
thereof, from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any
proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any
funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever
form the same may be, are herein referred to as "assets held with respect to"
that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income, earnings, profits
and proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as
assets held with respect to any particular Series (collectively "General
Assets"), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets to, between or among
any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees,
in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General Asset so
allocated to a particular Series shall be held with respect to that Series. Each
such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the
Shareholders of all Series for all purposes in absence of manifest error.
(b) Liabilities Held with Respect to a Particular Series. The assets of the
Trust held with respect to each Series shall be charged with the liabilities of
the Trust with respect to such Series and all expenses, costs, charges and
reserves attributable to such Series, and any general liabilities of the Trust
which are not readily identifiable as being held in respect of a Series shall be
allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one or more Series in
such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair
and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves so
charged to a Series are herein referred to as "liabilities held with respect to"
that Series. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and
reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the holders of all
Series for all purposes in absence of manifest error. All Persons who have
extended credit which has been allocated to a particular Series, or who have a
claim or contract which has been allocated to a Series, shall look exclusively
to the assets held with respect to such Series for payment of such credit,
claim, or contract. In the absence of an express agreement so limiting the
claims of such creditors, claimants and contracting parties, each creditor,
claimant and contracting party shall be deemed nevertheless to have agreed to
such limitation unless an express provision to the contrary has been
incorporated in the written contract or other document establishing the
contractual relationship.
(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases. No dividend or
distribution including, without limitation, any distribution paid upon
termination of the Trust or of any Series (or class) with respect to, or any
redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of any Series (or class) shall be
effected by the Trust other than from the assets held with respect to such
Series, nor shall any Shareholder of any Series otherwise have any right or
claim against the assets held with respect to any other Series except to the
extent that such Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a
Shareholder of such other Series. The Trustees shall have full discretion to
determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and
each such determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the
Shareholders in absence of manifest error.
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(d) Voting. All Shares of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter shall vote
without differentiation between the separate Series on a one-vote-per-each
dollar (and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar) of the net asset value
of each share (including fractional shares) basis; provided however, if a matter
to be voted on affects only the interests of not all Series (or class of a
Series), then only the Shareholders of such affected Series (or class) shall be
entitled to vote on the matter.
(e) Equality. All the Shares of each Series shall represent an equal
proportionate undivided interest in the assets held with respect to such Series
(subject to the liabilities of such Series and such rights and preferences as
may have been established and designated with respect to classes of Shares
within such Series), and each Share of a Series shall be equal to each other
Share of such Series.
(f) Fractions. Any fractional Share of a Series shall have proportionately
all the rights and obligations of a whole share of such Series, including rights
with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions and redemption of
Shares.
(g) Exchange Privilege. The Trustees shall have the authority to provide
that the holders of Shares of any Series shall have the right to exchange such
Shares for Shares of one or more other Series in accordance with such
requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.
(h) Combination of Series. The Trustees shall have the authority, without
the approval of the Shareholders of any Series unless otherwise required by
applicable law, to combine the assets and liabilities held with respect to any
two or more Series into assets and liabilities held with respect to a single
Series.
(i) Elimination of Series. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding
of a Series (or class), the Trustees may abolish such Series (or class).
ARTICLE IV.
The Board of Trustees
Section 1. Number, Election and Tenure. The number of Trustees constituting
the Board of Trustees shall be fixed from time to time by a written instrument
signed, or by resolution approved at a duly constituted meeting, by a majority
of the Board of Trustees, provided, however, that the number of Trustees shall
in no event be less than one (1) nor more than fifteen (15). Subject to the
requirements of Section 16(a) of the 1940 Act, the Board of Trustees, by action
of a majority of the then Trustees at a duly constituted meeting, may fill
vacancies in the Board of Trustees and remove Trustees with or without cause.
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Each Trustee shall serve during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he or
she dies, resigns, is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court of competent
jurisdiction, or is removed. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written
instrument signed by him and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a
meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless
specified to be effective at some other time. Except to the extent expressly
provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no
Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period
following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages or other
payment on account of such removal. Any Trustee may be removed at any meeting of
Shareholders by a vote of two-thirds of the total combined net asset value of
all Shares of the Trust issued and outstanding. A meeting of Shareholders for
the purpose of electing or removing one or more Trustees may be called (i) by
the Trustees upon their own vote, or (ii) upon the demand of Shareholders owning
10% or more of the Shares of the Trust in the aggregate.
Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee. The death,
declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of one or more
Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any
existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust.
Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is
filled as provided in Article IV, Section 1, the Trustees in office, regardless
of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall
discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration of Trust.
Section 3. Powers. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust,
the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Board of Trustees, and such
Board shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that
responsibility including the power to engage in transactions of all kinds on
behalf of the Trust. Trustees, in all instances, shall act as principals and are
and shall be free from the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have
full power and authority to do any and all acts and to make and execute any and
all contracts, documents and instruments that they may consider desirable,
necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Trust.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: adopt, amend and repeal
By-Laws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust providing for the
regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; elect and remove such
officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate;
appoint from their own number and establish and terminate one or more committees
consisting of two or more Trustees who may exercise the powers and authority of
the Board of Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine; employ one or
more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians to
employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system
or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve
Bank, retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide
for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust directly or through one
or more Principal Underwriters or otherwise; redeem, repurchase and transfer
Shares pursuant to applicable law; set record dates for the determination of
Shareholders with respect to various matters; declare and pay dividends and
distributions to Shareholders of each Series from the assets of such Series;
establish from time to time, in accordance with the provisions of Article III,
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Section 6 hereof, any Series of Shares, each such Series to operate as a
separate and distinct investment medium and with separately defined investment
objectives and policies and distinct investment purpose; and in general delegate
such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any
committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any
such custodian, transfer or shareholder servicing agent, Investment Manager or
Principal Underwriter. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the
Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the
provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a
grant of power to the Trustees and unless otherwise specified herein or required
by the 1940 Act or other applicable law, any action by the Board of Trustees
shall be deemed effective if approved or taken by a majority of the Trustees
then in office or a majority of any duly constituted committee of Trustees. Any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Trustees, or any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all
members of the Board of Trustees or committee (as the case may be) consent
thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
the proceedings of the Board of Trustees, or committee, except as otherwise
provided in the 1940 Act.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trust shall have power and authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash and cash items, to hold cash uninvested,
and to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire,
own, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options
on, lend or otherwise deal in or dispose of contracts for the future acquisition
or delivery of all types of securities, futures contracts and options thereon,
and forward currency contracts of every nature and kind, including, without
limitation, all types of bonds, debentures, stocks, preferred stocks, negotiable
or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of indebtedness,
certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial paper, repurchase
agreements, bankers' acceptances, and other securities of any kind, issued,
created, guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including, without
limitation, states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the
District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality
thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of the U.S.
Government or any foreign government, or any international instrumentality or
organization, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or
organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state,
territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or organization
organized under any foreign law, or in "when issued" contracts for any such
securities, futures contracts and options thereon, and forward currency
contracts, to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and to exercise
any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest in respect
of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including,
without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto,
with power to designate one or more Persons, to exercise any of said rights,
powers, and privileges in respect of any of said instruments;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write
options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any
or all of the assets of the Trust or any Series;
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(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with
respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver
proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall
deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with
relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(d) To exercise powers and right of subscription or otherwise which in any
manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating that it is
trust property, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in
its own name or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or
nominees or otherwise or to authorize the custodian or a subcustodian or a
nominee or nominees to deposit the same in a securities depository, subject in
each case to the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act;
(f) To consent to, or participate in, any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is
held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale
of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions
with respect to any security held in the Trust;
(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee,
depository, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any
security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depository or
trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any
security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem
proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and
compensation of such committee, depository or trustee as the Trustees shall deem
proper;
(h) To litigate, compromise, arbitrate, settle or otherwise adjust claims
in favor of or against the Trust or a Series, or any matter in controversy,
including but not limited to claims for taxes;
(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any
other combinations or associations;
(j) To borrow funds or other property in the name of the Trust or Series
exclusively for Trust purposes;
(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations
of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume
liability for payment thereof;
(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property such insurance
as the Trustees may deem necessary, desirable or appropriate for the conduct of
the business, including, without limitation, insurance policies
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insuring the assets of the Trust or payment of distributions and principal on
its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders,
Trustees, officers, employees, agents, Investment Manager, principal
underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust, individually against all
claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding Shares,
holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any
action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such Person as Trustee,
officer, employee, agent, Investment Manager, Principal Underwriter, or
independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted that may be
determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the
power to indemnify such Person against liability; and
(m) To adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus,
share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit
plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and
annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits,
for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust.
The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before
the possible termination of the Trust or one or more of its Series. The Trust
shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom
in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not be required to
obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other
action hereunder.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust. Subject to the provisions of
Article III, Section 6(b), the Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be
paid out of the principal or income of the Trust or Series, or partly out of the
principal and partly out of income, and to charge or allocate the same to,
between or among such one or more of the Series that may be established or
designated pursuant to Article III, Section 6, all expenses, fees, charges,
taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust or
Series, or in connection with the management thereof, including, but not limited
to, the Trustees' compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of
the Trust's officers, employees, Investment Manager^, Principal Underwriter,
auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, Shareholder servicing agent, and
such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges
as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Section 5. Ownership of Assets of the Trust. Title to all of the assets of
the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, except that
the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be
held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the
Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, on such terms as the
Trustees may determine. Upon the resignation, incompetency, bankruptcy, removal,
or death of a Trustee he or she shall automatically cease to have any such title
in any of the Trust Property, and the title of such Trustee in the Trust
Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and
cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have
been executed and delivered. The Trustees may determine that the Trust or the
Trustees, acting for and on behalf of the Trust, shall be deemed to hold
beneficial ownership of any income earned on the securities owned by the Trust,
whether domestic or foreign.
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Section 6. Service Contracts.
-----------------------------
(a) The Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for
exclusive or nonexclusive advisory, management and/or administrative services
for the Trust or for any Series with any Person; and any such contract may
contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine, including without
limitation, authority for the Investment Adviser to determine from time to time
without prior consultation with the Trustees what investments shall be
purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the assets of
the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust's
investments, and such other responsibilities as may specifically be delegated to
such Person.
(b) The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract with
any Persons, appointing such Persons exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or
Principal Underwriter for the Shares of one or more of the Series or other
securities to be issued by the Trust. Every such contract may contain such other
terms as the Trustees may determine.
(c) The Trustees are also empowered, at any time and from time to time, to
contract with any Persons, appointing such Person(s) to serve as custodian(s),
transfer agent and/or shareholder servicing agent for the Trust or one or more
of its Series. Every such contract shall comply with such terms as may be
required by the Trustees.
(d) The Trustees are further empowered, at any time and from time to time,
to contract with any Persons to provide such other services to the Trust or one
or more of the Series, as the Trustees determine to be in the best interests of
the Trust and the applicable Series.
(e) The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees, or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, Manager,
adviser, Principal Underwriter, distributor, or affiliate or agent of or
for any Person with which an advisory, management or administration
contract, or Principal Underwriter's or distributor's contract, or
transfer, shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may be
made, or that
(ii) any Person with which an advisory, management or administration
contract or Principal Underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer,
shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may be made also
has an advisory, management or administration contract, or principal
underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing
or other service contract, or has other business or interests with any
other Person, shall not affect the validity of any such contract or
disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting
upon or executing the same, or create any liability or accountability to
the Trust or its Shareholders, provided approval of each such contract is
made pursuant to the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.
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ARTICLE V.
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
Section 1. Voting Powers. Subject to the provisions of Article III,
Sections 5 and 6(d), the Shareholders shall have right to vote only (i) for the
election or removal of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, and (ii)
with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required
by the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, including Section 16(a) thereof,
and (iii) on such other matters as the Trustees may consider necessary or
desirable. Each shareholder shall have one vote for each dollar (and a
fractional vote for each fractional dollar) of the net asset value of each share
(including fractional shares) held by such shareholder on the record date on
each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders. For purposes of
this section, net asset value shall be determined pursuant to Section 3 of
Article VIII of the Trustee's Bylaws as of the record date for such meeting set
pursuant to Section 5 of such Bylaws. There shall be no cumulative voting in the
election of Trustees. Votes may be made in person or by proxy. A proxy
purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid
unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving
invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders may be
called by the Trustees for the purposes described in Section 1 of this Article
V. A meeting of Shareholders may be held at any place designated by the
Trustees. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be given or caused
to be given by the Trustees by delivering personally or mailing such notice not
more than ninety (90), nor less than ten (10) days before such meeting, postage
prepaid, stating the time and place of the meeting, to each Shareholder at the
Shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the Trust. Whenever notice
of a meeting is required to be given to a Shareholder under this Declaration of
Trust, a written waiver thereof, executed before or after the meeting by such
Shareholder or his or her attorney thereunto authorized and filed with the
records of the meeting, or actual attendance at the meeting of Shareholders in
person or by proxy, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.
Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote. Except as otherwise provided by the
Investment Company Act of 1940 or in the Trust's Declaration of Trust, at any
meeting of shareholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of
record of Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote representing more
than fifty percent of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of any business at the meeting. Any meeting of Shareholders may be
adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the
question of adjourning a meeting to another date and time, whether or not a
quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable
time after the date set for the original meeting without further notice. Subject
12
to the provisions of Article III, Section 6(d) and the applicable provisions of
the 1940 Act, when a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority vote of the
combined net asset value of all shares entitled to vote that are present in
person or by proxy shall decide any questions, except only a plurality vote
shall be necessary to elect trustees.
Section 4. Action by Written Consent. Any action taken by Shareholders may
be taken without a meeting if all the holders of Shares entitled to vote on the
matter are provided with not less than 7 days written notice thereof and written
consent to the action is filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders
by the holders of the number of votes that would be required to approve the
matter as provided in Article V, Section 3. Such consent shall be treated for
all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
Section 5. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders
who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, the
Trustees may fix a time, which shall be not more than ninety (90) nor less than
ten (10) days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders, as the record date
for determining the Shareholders having the right to notice of and to vote at
such meeting and any adjournment thereof, and in such case only Shareholders of
record on such record date shall have such right, notwithstanding any transfer
of shares on the books of the Trust after the record date. For the purpose of
determining the Shareholders who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend
or of any other distribution, the Trustees may fix a date, which shall be before
the date for the payment of such dividend or distribution, as the record date
for determining the Shareholders having the right to receive such dividend or
distribution. Nothing in this Section shall be construed as precluding the
Trustees from setting different record dates for different Series.
ARTICLE VI.
Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions
Section 1. Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income, and Distributions.
Subject to Article III, Section 6 hereof, the Trustees, in their absolute
discretion, may prescribe and shall set forth in the By-laws or in a duly
adopted resolution of the Trustees such bases and time for determining the per
Share net asset value of the Shares of any Series and the declaration and
payment of dividends and distributions on the Shares of any Series, as they may
deem necessary or desirable.
Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases. The Trust shall purchase such
Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon receipt by the
Trust or a Person designated by the Trust that the Trust redeem such Shares or
in accordance with such procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from time
to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value thereof,
in accordance with the By-Laws and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act.
Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within
seven days after the date on which the request for redemption is received in
proper form. The obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the
provision that in the event that any time the New York Stock Exchange (the
"Exchange") is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by
the Rules of the Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is
restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to
dispose of the investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the
value of the net assets held with respect to such Series or during any other
period permitted by order of the Commission for the protection of investors,
such obligations may be suspended or postponed by the Trustees.
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The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid in cash or wholly or
partly in kind in accordance with Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act if the Trustees
determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of the remaining
Shareholders of the Series of which the Shares are being redeemed. Subject to
the foregoing, the selection and quantity of securities or other property so
paid or delivered as all or part of the redemption price shall be determined by
or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be liable for any
delay of any corporation or other Person in transferring securities selected for
delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.
Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust. The Trust shall have the
right, at its option, upon 30 days notice to the affected Shareholder at any
time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the net asset value thereof as
described in Section 1 of this Article VI: (i) if at such time such Shareholder
owns Shares of any Series having an aggregate net asset value of less than a
minimum value determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the
extent that such Shareholder owns Shares of a Series equal to or in excess of a
maximum percentage of the outstanding Shares of such Series determined from time
to time by the Trustees; or (iii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns
Shares equal to or in excess of a maximum percentage, determined from time to
time by the Trustees, of the outstanding Shares of the Trust.
Section 4. Transfer of Shares. The Trust shall transfer shares held of
record by any Person to any other Person upon receipt by the Trust or a Person
designated by the Trust of a written request therefore in such form and pursuant
to such procedures as may be approved by the Trustees.
ARTICLE VII.
Compensation and Limitation of Liability
Section 1. Compensation of Trustees. The Trustees as such shall be entitled
to reasonable compensation from the Trust, and they may fix the amount of such
compensation from time to time. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the
employment of any Trustee to provide advisory, management, legal, accounting,
investment banking or other services to the Trust and to be specially
compensated for such services by the Trust.
Section 2. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability. The Trustees shall
not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any
officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of the Trust, nor
shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee,
and, subject to the provisions of the Bylaws, the Trust out of its assets may
indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer of the Trust from
14
and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages
whatsoever arising out of or related to such Trustee's or officer's performance
of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer of the Trust; provided that nothing
herein contained shall indemnify, hold harmless or protect any Trustee or
officer from or against any liability to the Trust or any Shareholder to which
he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his or her office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and
every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of
the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with
respect to their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such
Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
Section 3. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety.
The exercise by the Trustees of their powers hereunder shall be binding upon
everyone interested in or dealing with the Trust. A Trustee shall be liable to
the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for his or her own willful misfeasance,
bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment
or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other
experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust,
and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such
advice nor for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required
to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
Section 4. Insurance. The Trustees shall be entitled and empowered to the
fullest extent permitted by law to purchase with Trust assets insurance for
liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be
paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim, action, suit or
proceeding in which he or she becomes involved by virtue of his or her capacity
or former capacity with the Trust, whether or not the Trust would have the power
to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of this
Article.
ARTICLE VIII.
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees. No Person
dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the
validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the
application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon
its order.
15
Section 2. Termination of Trust or Series. Unless terminated as provided
herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust may be
terminated at any time by the Trustees upon 60 days prior written notice to the
Shareholders. Any Series may be terminated at any time by the Trustees upon 60
days prior written notice to the Shareholders of that Series.
Upon termination of the Trust (or any Series, as the case may be), after
paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities
held, severally, with respect to each Series (or the applicable Series, as the
case may be), whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be determined by the
Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees
consider appropriate, reduce the remaining assets held, severally, with respect
to each Series (or the applicable Series, as the case may be), to distributable
form in cash or shares or other securities, and any combination thereof, and
distribute the proceeds held with respect to each Series (or the applicable
Series, as the case may be), to the Shareholders of that Series, as a Series,
ratably according to the number of Shares of that Series held by the several
Shareholders on the date of termination.
Section 3. Merger and Consolidation. The Trustees may cause (i) the Trust
or one or more of its Series to the extent consistent with applicable law to be
merged into or consolidated with another Trust, series or Person, (ii) the
Shares of the Trust or any Series to be converted into beneficial interests in
another business trust (or series thereof), (iii) the Shares to be exchanged for
assets or property under or pursuant to any state or federal statute to the
extent permitted by law or (iv) a sale of assets of the Trust or one or more of
its Series. Such merger or consolidation, Share conversion, Share exchange or
sale of assets must be authorized by vote as provided in Article V, Section 3
herein; provided that in all respects not governed by statute or applicable law,
the Trustees shall have power to prescribe the procedure necessary or
appropriate to accomplish a sale of assets, Share exchange, merger or
consolidation including the power to create one or more separate business trusts
to which all or any part of the assets, liabilities, profits or losses of the
Trust may be transferred and to provide for the conversion of Shares of the
Trust or any Series into beneficial interests in such separate business trust or
trusts (or series thereof).
Section 4. Amendments. This Declaration of Trust may be restated and/or
amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the
Trustees then holding office. Any such restatement and/or amendment hereto shall
be effective immediately upon execution and approval. The Certificate of Trust
of the Trust may be restated and/or amended by a similar procedure, and any such
restatement and/or amendment shall be effective immediately upon filing with the
Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or upon such future
date as may be stated therein.
Section 5. Filing of Copies, References, Headings. The original or a copy
of this instrument and of each restatement and/or amendment hereto shall be kept
at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone
dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as
to whether or not any such restatements and/or amendments have been made and as
to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect
16
as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the
Trust to be a copy of this instrument or of any such restatements and/or
amendments. In this instrument and in any such restatements and/or amendment,
references to this instrument, and all expressions like "herein," "hereof" and
"hereunder," shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended or affected
by any such restatements and/or amendments. Headings are placed herein for
convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control
or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. Whenever the
singular number is used herein, the same shall include the plural; and the
neuter, masculine and feminine genders shall include each other, as applicable.
This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which
shall be deemed an original.
Section 6. Applicable Law. This Agreement and Declaration of Trust is
created under and is to be governed by and construed and administered according
to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Business Trust Act, as
amended from time to time (the "Act"). The Trust shall be a Delaware business
trust pursuant to such Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the
Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a business
trust.
Section 7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations.
(a) The provisions of the Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the
Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such
provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or with other applicable laws and
regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted
a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination
shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or
render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such
determination.
(b) If any provision of the Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall
attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner
affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of the
Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.
Section 8. Business Trust Only. It is the intention of the Trustees to
create a business trust pursuant to the Act, and thereby to create only the
relationship of trustee and beneficial owners within the meaning of such Act
between the Trustees and each Shareholder. It is not the intention of the
Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock
association, corporation, bailment, joint venture, or any form of legal
relationship other than a business trust pursuant to such Act. Nothing in this
Declaration of Trust shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by
themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock
association.
Section 9. Use of the Name "The Vanguard Group, Inc.". The name "The
Vanguard Group, Inc." and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the
name "The Vanguard Group, Inc." or any variants thereof shall be the sole and
exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("VGI"). VGI has permitted the
17
use by the Trust of the identifying word "Vanguard" and the use of the name
"Vanguard" as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of
Shares. Upon the Trust's withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds' Service
Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard
Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the
Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer
to itself as related to "The Vanguard Group, Inc." or any variant thereof.
18
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustees named below do hereby make and enter into
this Declaration of Trust as of the 19th day of July 2002.
For and on behalf of the Delaware business trusts listed on Appendix A attached
hereto.*
/s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
/s/ Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxx /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Xx.
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxx Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Xx.
/s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxx /s/ J. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Xxxxx X. Xxxxx J. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
/s/ XxXxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
----------------------------------
XxXxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
THE PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS OF THE TRUST IS
000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
* Xx. Xxxxxxx is not signing as a trustee of Vanguard Fenway Funds. Xx. Xxxxx is
not signing as a trustee of Vanguard Fenway Funds, Vanguard Municipal Bond
Funds, and the Vanguard California, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio and Pennsylvania Tax-Exempt Funds.
19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE I. Name and Definitions............................................. 1
Section 1. Name................................................... 1
Section 2. Definitions............................................ 1
(a) The Trust....................................................... 1
(b) Trust Property.................................................. 1
(c) Trustees........................................................ 1
(d) Shares.......................................................... 1
(e) Shareholder..................................................... 2
(f) Person.......................................................... 2
(g) 1940 Act........................................................ 2
(h) Commission and Principal Underwriter............................ 2
(i) Declaration of Trust............................................ 2
(j) By-Laws......................................................... 2
(k) Interested Person............................................... 2
(l) Investment Adviser.............................................. 2
(m) Series.......................................................... 2
ARTICLE II. Purpose of Trust.............................................. 2
ARTICLE III. Shares....................................................... 3
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest............................. 3
Section 2. Ownership of Shares......................................... 3
Section 3. Investments in the Trust.................................... 3
Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal
Liability................................................. 4
Section 5. Power of Board of Trustees to Change
Provisions Relating to Shares............................. 4
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Shares..................... 4
(a) Assets Held with Respect to a Particular Series............... 4
(b) Liabilities Held with Respect to a
Particular Series........................................... 5
(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and
Repurchases................................................. 5
(d) Voting........................................................ 6
(e) Equality...................................................... 6
(f) Fractions..................................................... 6
(g) Exchange Privilege............................................ 6
(h) Combination of Series......................................... 6
(i) Elimination of Series......................................... 6
ARTICLE IV. The Board of Trustees......................................... 6
Section 1. Number, Election and Tenure.................................. 6
Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc.
of a Trustee............................................... 7
Section 3. Powers....................................................... 7
Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust............................. 10
Section 5. Ownership of Assets of the Trust............................. 10
Section 6. Service Contracts............................................ 10
ARTICLE V. Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings...................... 11
Section 1. Voting Powers................................................. 12
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings..................................... 12
Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote...................................... 12
Section 4. Action by Written Consent..................................... 12
Section 5. Record Dates.................................................. 13
ARTICLE VI. Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions............... 13
Section 1. Determination of Net Asset Value, Net
Income, and Distributions................................... 13
Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases................................... 13
Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust........................ 14
Section 4. Transfer of Shares............................................ 14
ARTICLE VII. Compensation and Limitation of Liability...................... 14
Section 1. Compensation of Trustees...................................... 14
Section 2. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability................... 14
Section 3. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert
Advice, No Bond or Surety................................... 15
Section 4. Insurance..................................................... 15
ARTICLE VIII. Miscellaneous............................................... 15
Section 1. Liability of Third Persons Dealing
with Trustees............................................... 15
Section 2. Termination of Trust or Series................................ 15
Section 3. Merger and Consolidation...................................... 16
Section 4. Amendments.................................................... 16
Section 5. Filing of Copies, References, Headings........................ 16
Section 6. Applicable Law................................................ 16
Section 7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations................ 17
Section 8. Business Trust Only........................................... 17
Section 9. Use of the Name "The Vanguard Group, Inc.".................... 17
(ii)
