Joint Filing Agreement ----------------------

        



                             Joint Filing Agreement
                             ----------------------

Reliance Financial Services Corporation and ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ hereby agree that
the Schedule 13D to which this Joint Filing Agreement is attached is filed on
behalf of each of them.

Dated:  January 15, 1998


                                      RELIANCE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION


                                      By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                          -------------------------------------
                                              ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                              Senior Vice President-Investments


                                          /s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                          ------------------------------------
                                              ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇