e-navigator Fund
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
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THIS AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made at Boston, Massachusetts this
third day of September, 1998 by the Trustees hereunder and the holders of shares
of beneficial interest issued hereunder and to be issued hereunder as
hereinafter provided:
WITNESSETH that
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on the business of an
investment company; and
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their
hands as trustees of a Massachusetts voluntary association with transferable
shares in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold all cash,
securities and other assets, which they may from time to time acquire in any
manner as Trustee hereunder, IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the
following terms and conditions for the benefit of the holders from time to time
of shares in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
Name and Definitions
Section 1. This Trust shall be known as "e-navigator Fund" and the
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Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other
name as they may from time to time determine.
Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required
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by the context or specifically provided:
(a) "Trust" refers to the Massachusetts business trust established by this
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;
(b) "Trustees" refers to the Trustees of the Trust named in Article IV
hereof or elected in accordance with such Article;
(c) "Shares" means the equal proportionate units of interest into which the
beneficial interest in the Trust or in the Trust property belonging to any
Series of the Trust or in any class of Shares of the Trust (as the context may
require) shall be divided from time to time;
(d) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Shares;
(e) "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules
and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;
(f) The terms "Commission" and "principal underwriter" shall have the
meanings given them in the 1940 Act;
(g) "Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration" shall mean this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;
(h) "By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust, as amended from time to
time;
(i) "Series Company" refers to the form of registered open-end investment
company described in Section 18(f)(2) of the 1940 Act or in any successor
statutory provision;
(j) "Series" refers to Series of Shares established and designated under or
in accordance with the provisions of Article III;
(k) "Multi-Class Series" refers to Series of Shares established and
designated as Multi-Class Series under or in accordance with the provisions of
Article III, Section 6; and
(l) The terms "class" and "class of Shares" refer to each class of Shares
into which the Shares of any Multi-Class Series may from time to time be divided
in accordance with the provisions of Article III.
ARTICLE II
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to provide investors a managed investment
primarily in securities (including options), debt instruments, commodities,
commodity contracts and options thereon.
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ARTICLE III
Shares
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in
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the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of Shares,
without par value. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III,
each Share shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders
of the Shares of any Series or class shall be entitled to receive dividends,
when and as declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI,
Section 1 hereof. Except as otherwise provided in Section 6 of this Article III
with respect to Shares of Multi-Class Series, no Share shall have any priority
or preference over any other Share of the same Series with respect to dividends
or distributions upon termination of the Trust or of such Series made pursuant
to Article VIII, Section 4 hereof. Except as otherwise provided in Section 6 of
this Article III with respect to Shares of Multi-Class Series, all dividends and
distributions shall be made ratably among all Shareholders of a particular
Series from the assets belonging to such Series according to the number of
Shares of such Series held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for
any dividend or distribution or on the date of termination, as the case may be.
Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any
additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust. The Trustees may
from time to time divide or combine the Shares of any particular Series or class
into a greater or lesser number of Shares of that Series or class without
thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of that
Series or class in the assets belonging to that Series or attributable to that
class or in any way affecting the rights of Shares of any other Series or class.
Section 2. Ownership of Shares. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded
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on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which
books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series and class.
No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the
Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such
rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares of each Series and
class and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust
or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to
who are the Shareholders of each Series and class and as to the number of Shares
of each Series and class held from time to time by each.
Section 3. Investments in the Trust. The Trustees shall accept
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investments in the Trust from such persons and on such terms and for such
consideration as they from time to time authorize.
Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability. Shares
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shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this
instrument. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be
held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof and to have
become a party hereto. The death of a Shareholder
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during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the same nor
entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to
take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but
entitles such representative only to the rights of said deceased Shareholder
under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any
title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to call for
a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the
ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders partners. Neither the Trust nor
the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust, shall have any
power to bind personally any Shareholders, nor except as specifically provided
herein to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or
assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time
personally agree to pay.
Section 5. Power of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares.
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Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration of Trust and without
limiting the power of the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust as provided
elsewhere herein, the Trustees shall have the power to amend this Declaration of
Trust, at any time and from time to time, in such manner as the Trustees may
determine in their sole discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so
as to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the
Shares contained in this Declaration of Trust for the purpose of (i) responding
to or complying with any regulations, orders, rulings or interpretations of any
governmental agency or any laws, now or hereafter applicable to the Trust, or
(ii) designating and establishing Series or classes in addition to those
established in Section 6 of this Article III; provided that before adopting any
such amendment without Shareholder approval the Trustees shall determine that it
is consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders. The
establishment and designation of any Series of Shares in addition to the Series
established and designated in Section 6 of this Article III shall be effective
upon the execution by a majority of the then Trustees of an amendment to this
Declaration of Trust, taking the form of a complete restatement or otherwise,
setting forth such establishment and designation and the relative rights and
preferences of such Series, or as otherwise provided in such instrument. The
establishment and designation of any class of Shares shall be effective upon
either the execution by a majority of the then Trustees of an amendment to this
Declaration of Trust or the adoption by vote or written consent of a majority of
the then Trustees of a resolution setting forth such establishment and
designation and the relative rights and preferences of such class and such
eligibility requirements for investment therein as the Trustees may determine,
or as otherwise provided in such amendment or resolution.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trustees may, for the
above-stated purposes, amend the Declaration of Trust to:
(a) create one or more Series or classes of Shares (in addition to any
Series or classes already existing or otherwise) with such rights and
preferences and such eligibility requirements for investment therein as the
Trustees shall determine and reclassify any or all
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outstanding Shares as shares of particular Series or classes in accordance with
such eligibility requirements;
(b) amend any of the provisions set forth in paragraphs (a) through (j) of
Section 6 of this Article III;
(c) combine one or more Series or classes of Shares into a single Series or
class on such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall determine;
(d) change or eliminate any eligibility requirements for investment in
Shares of any Series or class, including without limitation the power to provide
for the issue of Shares of any Series or class in connection with any merger or
consolidation of the Trust with another trust or company or any acquisition by
the Trust of part or all of the assets of another trust or company;
(e) change the designation of any Series or class of Shares;
(f) change the method of allocating dividends among the various Series and
classes of Shares;
(g) allocate any specific assets or liabilities of the Trust or any
specific items of income or expense of the Trust to one or more Series or
classes of Shares; and
(h) specifically allocate assets to any or all Series of Shares or create
one or more additional Series of Shares which are preferred over all other
Series of Shares in respect of assets specifically allocated thereto or any
dividends paid by the Trust with respect to any net income, however determined,
earned from the investment and reinvestment of any assets so allocated or
otherwise and provide for any special voting or other rights with respect to
such Series or any classes of Shares thereof.
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Series and Classes. Without
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limiting the authority of the Trustees set forth in Section 5, inter alia, to
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establish and designate any further Series or classes or to modify the rights
and preferences of any Series or class, the following Series shall be, and is
hereby, established and designated as a Multi-Class Series: the "Original
Series."
Shares of each Series established in this Section 6 shall have the
following rights and preferences relative to Shares of each other Series, and
Shares of each class of a Multi-Class Series shall have such rights and
preferences relative to other classes of the same Series as are set forth below,
together with such other rights and preferences relative to such other classes
as are set forth in any resolution of the Trustees establishing and designating
such class of Shares:
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(a) Assets belonging to Series. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)
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of this Section 6:
All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of
a particular Series, together with all assets in which such consideration is
invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof from
whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived
from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments
derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be,
shall irrevocably belong to that Series for all purposes, subject only to the
rights of creditors, and shall be so recorded upon the books of account of the
Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds
thereof, from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any
proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any
funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever
form the same may be, are herein referred to as "assets belonging to" that
Series. In the event that there are any assets, income, earnings, profits and
proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as
belonging to any particular Series (collectively "General Assets"), the Trustees
shall allocate such General Assets to, between or among any one or more of the
Series established and designated from time to time in such manner and on such
basis as they, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any
General Asset so allocated to a particular Series shall belong to that Series.
Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the
Shareholders of all Series for all purposes.
(b) Liabilities Belonging to Series. Subject to the provisions of
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paragraph (c) of this Section 6:
The assets belonging to each particular Series shall be charged solely with
the liabilities of the Trust in respect to that Series, the expenses, costs,
charges and reserves attributable to that Series, and any general liabilities of
the Trust which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular
Series but which are allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one
or more of the Series established and designated from time to time in a manner
and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and
equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves so charged to
a Series are herein referred to as "liabilities belonging to" that Series. Each
allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees
shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all
purposes.
(c) Apportionment of Assets etc. in Case of Multi-Class Series. In the
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case of any Multi-Class Series, to the extent necessary or appropriate to give
effect to the relative rights and preferences of any classes of Shares of such
Series, (i) any assets, income, earnings, profits, proceeds, liabilities,
expenses, charges, costs and reserves belonging or attributable to that Series
may be allocated or attributed to a particular class of Shares of that Series or
apportioned among two or more classes of Shares of that Series; and (ii) Shares
of any class of
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such Series may have priority or preference over shares of other classes of such
Series with respect to dividends or distributions upon termination of the Trust
or of such Series or class or otherwise, provided that no Share shall have any
priority or preference over any other Shares of the same class and that all
dividends and distributions to Shareholders of a particular class shall be made
ratably among all Shareholders of such class according to the number of Shares
of such class held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for any
dividend or distribution or on the date of termination, as the case may be.
(d) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions and Repurchases. Notwithstanding
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any other provisions of this Declaration, including, without limitation, Article
VI, no dividend or distribution (including, without limitation, any distribution
paid upon termination of the Trust or of any Series or class) with respect to,
nor any redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of any Series or class shall be
effected by the Trust other than from the assets belonging to such Series or
attributable to such class, nor shall any Shareholder of any particular Series
or class otherwise have any right or claim against the assets belonging to any
other Series or attributable to any other class except to the extent that such
Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other
Series or class.
(e) Voting. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this
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Declaration, including, without limitation, Section 1 of Article V, the
Shareholders of any particular Series or class shall not be entitled to vote on
any matters as to which such Series or class is not affected. On any matter
submitted to a vote of Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to
vote shall, except as otherwise provided in the By-Laws, be voted in the
aggregate as a single class without regard to Series or class of Shares, except
that (1) when required by the 1940 Act or when the Trustees shall have
determined that the matter affects one or more Series or classes of Shares
materially differently, Shares shall be voted by individual Series or class and
(2) when the matter affects only the interests of one or more Series or classes,
only Shareholders of such Series or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon.
There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees.
(f) Equality. Except to the extent necessary or appropriate to give effect
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to the relative rights and preferences of any classes of Shares of a Multi-Class
Series, all the Shares of each particular Series shall represent an equal
proportionate interest in the assets belonging to that Series (subject to the
liabilities belonging to that Series), and each Share of any particular Series
shall be equal to each other Share of that Series. All the Shares of each
particular class of Shares within a Multi-Class Series shall represent an equal
proportionate interest in the assets belonging to such Series that are
attributable to such class (subject to the liabilities attributable to such
class), and each Share of any particular class within a Multi-Class Series shall
be equal to each other Share of such class.
(g) Fractions. Any fractional Share of a Series or class shall carry
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proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole Share of that Series
or class, including rights with
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respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions, redemption of Shares
and termination of the Trust.
(h) Exchange Privilege. The Trustees shall have the authority to provide
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that the holders of Shares of any Series or class shall have the right to
exchange said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series or classes of Shares
in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the
Trustees.
(i) Combination of Series or Classes. The Trustees shall have the
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authority, without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series or class
unless otherwise required by applicable law, to combine the assets and
liabilities belonging to any two or more Series or attributable to any class
into assets and liabilities belonging to a single Series or attributable to a
single class.
(j) Elimination of Series or Class. At any time that there are no Shares
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outstanding of any particular Series previously established and designated, the
Trustees may amend this Declaration of Trust to abolish that Series and to
rescind the establishment and designation thereof, such amendment to be effected
in the manner provided in Section 5 of this Article III for the establishment
and designation of Series. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding of
any particular class previously established and designated of a Multi-Series
Class, the Trustees may abolish that class and rescind the establishment and
designation thereof, either by amending this Declaration of Trust in the manner
provided in Section 5 of this Article III for the establishment and designation
of classes (if such class was established and designated by an amendment to this
Declaration of Trust), or by vote or written consent of a majority of the then
Trustees (if such class was established and designated by Trustee vote or
written consent).
Section 7. Indemnification of Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or
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former Shareholder shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his
or her being or having been a Shareholder of the Trust or of a particular Series
or class and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other
reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors,
administrators or other legal representatives or, in the case of a corporation
or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out
of the assets of the Series (or attributable to the class) of which he or she is
a Shareholder or former Shareholder to be held harmless from and indemnified
against all loss and expense arising from such liability.
Section 8. No Preemptive Rights. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or
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other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by
the Trust.
Section 9. Derivative Claims. No Shareholder shall have the right to
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bring or maintain any court action, proceeding or claim on behalf of the Trust
or any Series without first making demand on the Trustees requesting the
Trustees to bring or maintain such action, proceeding or
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claim. Such demand shall be excused only when the plaintiff makes a specific
showing that irreparable injury to the Trust or Series would otherwise result.
Such demand shall be mailed to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust's
principal office and shall set forth in reasonable detail the nature of the
proposed court action, proceeding or claim and the essential facts relied upon
by the Shareholder to support the allegations made in the demand. The Trustees
shall consider such demand within 45 days of its receipt by the Trust. In their
sole discretion, the Trustees may submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders of
the Trust or Series, as appropriate. Any decision by the Trustees to bring,
maintain or settle (or not to bring, maintain or settle) such court action,
proceeding or claim, or to submit the matter to a vote of Shareholders, shall be
made by the Trustees in their business judgment and shall be binding upon the
Shareholders. Any decision by the Trustees to bring or maintain a court action,
proceeding or suit on behalf of the Trust or a Series shall be subject to the
right of the Shareholders under Article V, Section 1 hereof to vote on whether
or not such court action, proceeding or suit should or should not be brought or
maintained.
ARTICLE IV
The Trustees
Section 1. Election and Tenure. The initial Trustee shall be Xxxxxxxxx X.
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Xxxxxxxxxx. The Trustees may fix the number of Trustees, fill vacancies in the
Trustees, including vacancies arising from an increase in the number of
Trustees, or remove Trustees with or without cause. Each Trustee shall serve
during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he or she dies, resigns or is
removed, or, if sooner, until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the
purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or
her successor. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written instrument signed
by him or her and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a meeting of the
Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to
be effective at some other time. Except to the extent expressly provided in a
written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed
shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her
resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal. The
Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at any meeting of
Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose and to the extent required
by applicable law, including paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 16 of the 1940
Act.
Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee. The death,
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declination, resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity of the Trustees, or
any of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any existing
agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust.
Section 3. Powers. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of
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Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they
shall have all powers necessary or
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convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in
securities transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting
the foregoing, the Trustees may adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with this
Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs
of the Trust and may amend and repeal them to the extent that such By-Laws do
not reserve that right to the Shareholders; they may elect and remove such
officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate;
they may appoint from their own number and terminate one or more committees
consisting of two or more Trustees which may exercise the powers and authority
of the Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine; they may employ one
or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians
to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a
system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal
Reserve Bank, retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both,
provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more
principal underwriters or otherwise, set record dates for the determination of
Shareholders with respect to various matters, and in general delegate such
authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any
committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any
such custodian or underwriter.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and
authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, and to hold cash uninvested;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, write
options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any
or all of the assets of the Trust;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with
respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver
proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall
deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with
relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(d) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which in
any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust,
whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or
in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or
otherwise;
(f) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is
held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale
of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions
with respect to any security held in the Trust;
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(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee,
depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any
security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depositary or
trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any
security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem
proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and
compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the Trustees shall deem
proper;
(h) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or
against the Trust or any matter in controversy, including but not limited to
claims for taxes;
(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any
other combinations or associations;
(j) To borrow funds or other property;
(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations
of any person; and to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise
assume liability for payment of such notes or other obligations;
(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such insurance
as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business of the
Trust, including, without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of
the Trust and payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio
investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees, agents, investment advisers, principal underwriters or
independent contractors of the Trust individually against all claims and
liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding, being or having held
any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been
taken or omitted by any such person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent,
investment adviser, principal underwriter or independent contractor, including
any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence,
whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such person against
liability; and
(m) To pay pensions as deemed appropriate by the Trustees and to adopt,
establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase,
savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and
provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as
a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the
Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust.
The Trustees shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or
future law or custom in regard to investments by Trustees. The Trustees shall
not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust
or take any other action hereunder.
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Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust. The Trustees are authorized
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to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or
partly out of principal and partly out of income, as they deem fair, all
expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection
with the Trust, or in connection with the management thereof, including but not
limited to, the Trustees' compensation and such expenses and charges for the
services of the Trust's officers, employees, administrators, investment advisers
or managers, principal underwriter, auditor, counsel, custodian, transfer agent,
shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents or independent contractors,
and such other expenses and charges, as the Trustees may deem necessary or
proper to incur.
Section 5. Payment of Expenses by Shareholders. The Trustees shall have
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the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder, or
each Shareholder of any particular Series or class, to pay directly, in advance
or arrears, for charges of the Trust's custodian or transfer, shareholder
servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees,
by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid
dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the
account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares
which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such
Shareholder.
Section 6. Ownership of Assets of the Trust. Title to all of the assets
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of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trustees.
Section 7. Advisory, Management and Distribution Contracts. Subject to
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such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws, the
Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or
nonexclusive advisory and/or management services for the Trust or for any Series
or class with TNE Advisers, Inc. or any other corporation, trust, association or
other organization (the "Manager"); and any such contract may contain such other
terms as the Trustees may determine, including without limitation, authority for
a Manager to determine from time to time without prior consultation with the
Trustees what investments shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what
portion, if any, of the assets of the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make
changes in the Trust's investments. The Trustees may also, at any time and from
time to time, contract with New England Securities Corporation, the Manager or
any other corporation, trust, association or other organization, appointing it
exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or principal underwriter for the Shares,
every such contract to comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be
set forth in the By-Laws; and any such contract may contain such other terms as
the Trustees may determine.
The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager,
adviser, principal underwriter, distributor or affiliate or agent of or for
any corporation, trust, association or other
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organization, or of or for any parent or affiliate of any organization,
with which an advisory or management contract, or principal underwriter's
or distributor's contract or transfer, shareholder servicing or other
agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such
organization, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or has
an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other organization with
which an advisory or management contract or principal underwriter's or
distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency
contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory or
management contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's contract
or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract with one or
more other corporations, trusts, associations or other organizations, or
has other business or interests
shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any
Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the
same or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
ARTICLE V
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
Section 1. Voting Powers. The Shareholders shall have power to vote only
---------- -------------
(i) for the election of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, (ii) with
respect to any amendment of this Declaration of Trust to the extent and as
provided in Article VIII, Section 8, (iii) to the same extent as the
stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a
court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained
derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the Shareholders,
(iv) with respect to the termination of the Trust or any Series or class to the
extent and as provided in Article VIII, Section 4, (v) to remove Trustees from
office to the extent and as provided in Article V, Section 7 and (vi) with
respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by
this Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the
Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may
consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote
as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall
be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative
voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy.
A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be
valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy
the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of
them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall
be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of
proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. At any time when no Shares of
a Series or class are outstanding the Trustees may exercise all rights of
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Shareholders of that Series or class with respect to matters affecting that
Series or class and may with respect to that Series or class take any action
required by law, this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws to be taken by the
Shareholders thereof.
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders may be
---------- -------------------------
called by the Trustees for the purpose of electing Trustees as provided in
Article IV, Section 1 and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law,
by this Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws. Meetings of the Shareholders
may also be called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking
action upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or
desirable. A meeting of Shareholders may be held at any place designated by the
Trustees. Notice of any meeting of Shareholders, stating the time and place of
the meeting, shall be given or caused to be given by the Trustees to each
Shareholder by mailing such notice, postage prepaid, at least seven days before
such meeting, at the Shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the
Trust, or by facsimile or other electronic transmission, at least seven days
before such meeting, to the telephone or facsimile number or e-mail or other
electronic address most recently furnished to the Trust (or its agent) by the
Shareholder. Whenever notice of a meeting is required to be given to a
Shareholder under this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, a written waiver
thereof, executed before or after the meeting by such Shareholder or his
attorney thereunto authorized and filed with the records of the meeting, shall
be deemed equivalent to such notice.
Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote. Except when a larger quorum is
---------- ------------------------
required by law, by the By-Laws or by this Declaration of Trust, 40% of the
Shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholders' meeting.
When any one or more Series or classes is to vote as a single class separate
from any other Shares which are to vote on the same matters as a separate class
or classes, 40% of the Shares of each such class entitled to vote shall
constitute a quorum at a Shareholders' meeting of that class. Any meeting of
Shareholders may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes
properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the
meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable time after the date set for
the original meeting without further notice. When a quorum is present at any
meeting, a majority of the Shares voted shall decide any questions and a
plurality shall elect a Trustee, except when a larger vote is required by any
provision of this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws or by law. If any
question on which the Shareholders are entitled to vote would adversely affect
the rights of any Series or class of Shares, the vote of a majority (or such
larger vote as is required as aforesaid) of the Shares of such Series or class
which are entitled to vote, voting separately, shall also be required to decide
such question.
Section 4. Action by Written Consent. Any action taken by Shareholders
---------- -------------------------
may be taken without a meeting if Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares
entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be
required by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or by the By-
Laws) and holding a majority (or such larger proportion as aforesaid) of the
Shares of any Series or class entitled to vote separately on the matter consent
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to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of
the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as
a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
Section 5. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders
---------- ------------
of any Series or class who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any
adjournment thereof, the Trustees may from time to time fix a time, which shall
be not more than 90 days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders, as the
record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or class having the
right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof, and
in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such
right, notwithstanding any transfer of Shares on the books of the Trust after
the record date. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any Series
or class who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other
distribution, the Trustees may from time to time fix a date, which shall be on
or before the date for the payment of such dividend or such other payment, as
the record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or class having
the right to receive such dividend or distribution. Without fixing a record
date the Trustees may for voting and/or distribution purposes close the register
or transfer books for one or more Series or classes for all or any part of the
period prior to a meeting of Shareholders or the payment of a distribution.
Nothing in this Section shall be construed as precluding the Trustees from
setting different record dates for different Series or classes.
Section 6. Additional Provisions. The By-Laws may include further
---------- ---------------------
provisions for Shareholders' votes and meetings and related matters.
Section 7. Removal of Trustees. No natural person shall serve as Trustee
---------- -------------------
after the holders of record of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding
Shares have declared that such Trustee be removed from that office either by
declaration in writing filed with the Trust's custodian or by votes cast in
person or by proxy at a meeting called for the purpose. The Trustees shall
promptly call a meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the
question of removal of any Trustee when requested in writing so to do by the
record holders of not less than 10 per centum of the outstanding Shares.
Whenever ten or more Shareholders of record who have been such for at least
six months preceding the date of application, and who hold in the aggregate
Shares having a net asset value of at least 1 per centum of the outstanding
Shares, shall apply to the Trustees in writing, stating that they wish to
communicate with other Shareholders with a view to obtaining signatures to a
request for a meeting pursuant to this Section and accompanied by a form of
communication and request which they wish to transmit, the Trustees shall within
five business days after receipt of such application either (a) afford to such
applicants access to a list of the names and addresses of all Shareholders as
recorded on the books of the Trust; or (b) inform such applicants as to the
approximate number of Shareholders of record, and the approximate cost of
transmitting to them the proposed communication and form of request. If the
Trustees elect to follow the course specified in clause (b), the Trustees, upon
the written
-15-
request of such applicants, accompanied by a tender of the material to be
transmitted and of the reasonable expenses of transmittal, shall, with
reasonable promptness, transmit such material to all Shareholders of record at
their addresses as recorded on the books of the Trust (or at the telephone or
facsimile number or e-mail or other electronic address most recently furnished
to the Trust (or its agent) by the Shareholder), unless within five business
days after such tender the Trustees shall transmit to such applicants and file
with the Commission, together with a copy of the material proposed to be
transmitted, a written statement signed by at least a majority of the Trustees
to the effect that in their opinion either such material contains untrue
statements of fact or omits to state facts necessary to make the statements
contained therein not misleading, or would be in violation of applicable law,
and specifying the basis of such opinion. If the Commission shall enter an order
refusing to sustain any of the objections specified in the written statement so
filed, or if, after the entry of an order sustaining one or more of such
objections, the Commission shall find, after notice and opportunity for hearing,
that all objections so sustained have been met, and shall enter an order so
declaring, the Trustees shall transmit copies of such material to all
Shareholders with reasonable promptness after the entry of such order and the
renewal of such tender.
ARTICLE VI
Net Income, Distributions, and Redemptions and Repurchases
Section 1. Distributions of Net Income. The Trustees shall each year, or
---------- ---------------------------
more frequently if they so determine in their sole discretion, distribute to the
Shareholders of each Series, in Shares of that Series, cash or otherwise, an
amount approximately equal to the net income attributable to the assets
belonging to such Series and may from time to time distribute to the
Shareholders of each Series, in Shares of that Series, cash or otherwise, such
additional amounts, but only from the assets belonging to such Series, as they
may authorize. Except as otherwise permitted by paragraph (c) of Section 6 of
Article III in the case of Multi-Class Series, all dividends and distributions
on Shares of a particular Series shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of
that Series in proportion to the number of Shares of that Series held by such
holders and recorded on the books of the Trust at the date and time of record
established for the payment of such dividend or distributions.
The manner of determining net income, income, asset values, capital gains,
expenses, liabilities and reserves of any Series or class may from time to time
be altered as necessary or desirable in the judgment of the Trustees to conform
such manner of determination to any other method prescribed or permitted by
applicable law. Net income shall be determined by the Trustees or by such
person as they may authorize at the times and in the manner provided in the By-
Laws. Determinations of net income of any Series or class and determinations of
income, asset value, capital gains, expenses and liabilities made by the
Trustees, or by such person as they may authorize, in good faith, shall be
binding on all parties concerned. The foregoing sentence shall not be construed
to protect any Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust
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against any liability to the Trust or its security holders to which he or she
would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his
office.
If, for any reason, the net income of any Series or class determined at any
time is a negative amount, the pro rata share of such negative amount allocable
to each Shareholder of such Series or class shall constitute a liability of such
Shareholder to that Series or class which shall be paid out of such
Shareholder's account at such times and in such manner as the Trustees may from
time to time determine (x) out of the accrued dividend account of such
Shareholder, (y) by reducing the number of Shares of that Series or class in the
account of such Shareholder or (z) otherwise.
Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases. The Trust shall purchase such
---------- ---------------------------
Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon the presentation
of a proper instrument of transfer together with a request directed to the Trust
or a person designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such Shares or in
accordance with such other procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from
time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value
thereof, as determined in accordance with the By-Laws, next determined. Payment
for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days
after the date on which the request is made. The obligation set forth in this
Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the event that any time the New
York Stock Exchange is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if
permitted by the rules of the Commission during periods when trading on the New
York Stock Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it
impracticable for the Trust to dispose of the investments of the applicable
Series or to determine fairly the value of the net assets belonging to such
Series or attributable to any class thereof or during any other period permitted
by order of the Commission for the protection of investors, such obligations may
be suspended or postponed by the Trustees. The Trust may also purchase or
repurchase Shares at a price not exceeding the net asset value of such Shares in
effect when the purchase or repurchase or any contract to purchase or repurchase
is made.
The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid wholly or partly in
kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of
the remaining Shareholders of the Series the Shares of which are being redeemed.
In making any such payment wholly or partly in kind, the Trust shall, so far as
may be practicable, deliver assets which approximate the diversification of all
of the assets belonging at the time to the Series the Shares of which are being
redeemed. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of
securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of the
redemption price may be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no
case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other person
in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment
in kind.
Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust. The Trust shall have
---------- --------------------------------------
the right at its option and at any time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at
the net asset value thereof as
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described in Section 1 of this Article VI: (i) if at such time such Shareholder
owns Shares of any Series or class having an aggregate net asset value of less
than an amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the
extent that such Shareholder owns Shares equal to or in excess of a percentage
determined from time to time by the Trustees of the outstanding Shares of the
Trust or of any Series or class.
ARTICLE VII
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
Section 1. Compensation. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to
---------- ------------
reasonable compensation from the Trust; they may fix the amount of their
compensation. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any
Trustee for advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other
services and payment for the same by the Trust.
Section 2. Limitation of Liability. The Trustees shall not be responsible
---------- -----------------------
or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent,
employee, Manager or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee
be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee, but nothing herein
contained shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which he or she
would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or
her office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and
every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of
the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with
respect to their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such
Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Trustees, Shareholders, etc. Not Personally Liable; Notice.
---------- ----------------------------------------------------------
All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against
the Trust or any Series or class shall look only to the assets of the Trust, or,
to the extent that the liability of the Trust may have been expressly limited by
contract to the assets of a particular Series or attributable to a particular
class, only to the assets belonging to the relevant Series or attributable to
the relevant class, for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and
neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees, nor any of the Trust's officers,
employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable
therefor. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall protect
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any Trustee against any liability to which such Trustee would otherwise be
subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of
Trustee.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or
issued on behalf of the Trust by the Trustees, by any officer or officers or
otherwise shall give notice that this Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall recite that the same
was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustee or
Trustees or as officer or officers or otherwise and not individually and that
the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the
Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of
the Trust or upon the assets belonging to the Series or attributable to the
class for the benefit of which the Trustees have caused the note, bond,
contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking to be made or issued, and may
contain such further recital as he or she or they may deem appropriate, but the
omission of any such recital shall not operate to bind any Trustee or Trustees
or officer or officers or Shareholders or any other person individually.
Section 2. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety.
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------
The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be
binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall be liable for his or her own
willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and for nothing else,
and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The
Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning
and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for
any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such
advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any
surety if a bond is required.
Section 3. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees. No person
---------- ------------------------------------------------
dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the
validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the
application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon
its order.
Section 4. Termination of Trust, Series or Class. Unless terminated as
---------- -------------------------------------
provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust
may be terminated at any time by vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of each
Series entitled to vote and voting separately by Series, or by the Trustees by
written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series or class may be terminated at
any time by vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of that Series or class, or
by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of that Series or class.
Upon termination of the Trust (or any Series or class, as the case may be),
after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and
liabilities belonging, severally, to each Series (or the applicable Series or
attributable to the particular class, as the case may be), whether due or
accrued or anticipated as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in
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accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce the
remaining assets belonging, severally, to each Series (or the applicable Series
or attributable to the particular class, as the case may be), to distributable
form in cash or shares or other securities, or any combination thereof, and
distribute the proceeds belonging to each Series (or the applicable Series or
attributable to the particular class, as the case may be), to the Shareholders
of that Series (or class, as the case may be), as a Series (or class, as the
case may be), ratably according to the number of Shares of that Series (or
class, as the case may be) held by the several Shareholders on the date of
termination.
Section 5. Merger and Consolidation. The Trustees may cause the Trust to
---------- ------------------------
be merged into or consolidated with another trust or company or its shares
exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute, if any, or
otherwise to the extent permitted by law, if such merger or consolidation or
share exchange has been authorized by vote of a majority of the outstanding
Shares; provided that in all respects not governed by statute or applicable law,
the Trustees shall have power to prescribe the procedure necessary or
appropriate to accomplish a sale of assets, merger or consolidation.
Section 6. Filing of Copies, Reference, Headings. The original or a copy
---------- -------------------------------------
of this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of
the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. A copy of this
instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be filed by the Trust with the
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with any other governmental
office where such filing may from time to time be required. Anyone dealing with
the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to whether or
not any such amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with
the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may
rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this
instrument or of any such amendments. In this instrument and in any such
amendment, references to this instrument, and all expressions like "herein,"
"hereof" and "hereunder," shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended
or affected by any such amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience
of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or to control or
affect the meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. This instrument
may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an
original.
Section 7. Applicable Law. This Declaration of Trust is made in the
---------- --------------
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and it is created under and is to be governed by
and construed and administered according to the laws of said Commonwealth. The
Trust shall be of the type commonly called a Massachusetts business trust, and,
without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which
are ordinarily exercised by such a trust.
Section 8. Amendments. This Declaration of Trust may be amended at any
---------- ----------
time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when
authorized so to do by vote of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote with
respect to such amendment, except that amendments described in Article III,
Section 5 or Article III, Section 6 hereof or having the
-20-
purpose of changing the name of the Trust or of any Series or class of Shares or
of supplying any omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or
supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained herein shall not
require authorization by Shareholder vote.
Section 9. Addresses. The address of the Trust is 000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx,
---------- ---------
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000. The address of the initial Trustee is c/o New
England Life Insurance Company, 000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand and seal for
himself and for his successors and assigns this third day of September, 1998.
/s/ Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx
---------------------------
Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx
Initial Trustee
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
Suffolk, ss. Boston, September 3, 1998
Then personally appeared the above named Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxx, and
acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, before me.
/s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
-------------------------
Notary Public
My Commission Expires December 14, 2001
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