This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in Item 6 that may be...

This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned
that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the group
identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in Item
6 that may be deemed to beneficially own more than five percent of the issuer's
outstanding equity securities.

          Xxxx Xxxxx Capital Management, Inc.



          By__/s/ Xxxxxxxx X. Milano_________
              Chief Compliance Officer


          LMM LLC



          By__/s/ Xxxxxxx X. McShea__________
              General Counsel


          Xxxx Xxxxx Opportunity Trust,
          a portfolio of Xxxx Xxxxx Investment Trust, Inc.



          By__/s/ Xxxxxxx X. Merz____________