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EXHIBIT 1.1
DISCOVER CARD MASTER TRUST I
Credit Card Pass-Through Certificates
__________________________________
Underwriting Agreement
(Standard Terms)
August 19, 1997
XXXXXX XXXXXXX & CO. INCORPORATED
c/o Morgan Xxxxxxx & Co. Incorporated
0000 Xxxxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Greenwood Trust Company ("Greenwood"), as originator of Discover Card
Master Trust I (the "Trust"), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions
stated herein, to cause to be issued and sold from time to time Credit Card
Pass-Through Certificates (the "Certificates") in one or more series (each, a
"Series"). The Certificates of each Series will consist of one or more Classes
(each, a "Class") of Certificates of such Series. Each Certificate will
evidence a fractional, undivided percentage interest or beneficial interest in
the Trust. The Certificates will be issued by the Trust pursuant to a Pooling
and Servicing Agreement, dated as of October 1, 1993, as amended, and as
supplemented by a Series Supplement relating to the specific
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Series of Certificates issued thereunder (the Pooling and Servicing Agreement,
as so supplemented, the "Pooling and Servicing Agreement"), between Greenwood
as Master Servicer, Servicer and Seller and First Bank National Association
(successor trustee to Bank of America Illinois, formerly Continental Bank,
National Association), as trustee (the "Trustee"). To the extent not defined
herein, the capitalized terms used herein have the meanings assigned in the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Each offering of each Class of each Series of Certificates to which this
Agreement applies (the "Securities") made pursuant to the Registration
Statement (as defined herein) will be made through you or through you and other
underwriters for whom you are acting as representatives or through an
underwriting syndicate managed by you. Whenever Greenwood determines to make
such an offering of Securities to which this Agreement shall apply, Greenwood
and one or more Underwriters (as defined herein) will enter into an agreement
(the "Terms Agreement") providing for the sale of the Securities to, and the
purchase and offering thereof by, (i) you, (ii) you and such other underwriters
who execute the Terms Agreement and agree thereby to become obligated to
purchase the Securities from
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Greenwood, or (iii) you and such other underwriters, if any, selected by you as
have authorized you to enter into such Terms Agreement on their behalf (in each
case, the "Underwriters"). Such Terms Agreement shall specify the initial
principal amount of the Securities to be issued and their terms not otherwise
specified in this Agreement, the price at which such Securities are to be
purchased by the Underwriters from Greenwood, the aggregate amount of
Securities to be purchased by you and any other Underwriter that is a party to
such Terms Agreement and the initial public offering price or the method by
which the price at which such Securities are to be sold will be determined.
The Terms Agreement ("Terms Agreement"), which shall be substantially in the
form attached hereto, may take the form of an exchange of any standard form of
written communication between or among the Underwriters and Greenwood. Each
such offering of the Securities for which a Terms Agreement is entered into
will be governed by this Agreement, as supplemented by the applicable Terms
Agreement, and this Agreement and such Terms Agreement shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters participating in the offering
of such Securities.
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1. Greenwood represents and warrants to, and agrees with you, as of the
date hereof, and to each Underwriter named in the Terms Agreement as of the
date thereof, that:
(a) A registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No.
333-16103) including a prospectus and such amendments thereto as may have been
required to the date hereof, relating to the Certificates and the offering
thereof from time to time in accordance with Rule 415 under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), in the form heretofore delivered to you has
been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
(which may have included one or more preliminary prospectuses and prospectus
supplements (each, a "Preliminary Prospectus") meeting the requirements of Rule
430 of the Act) and such registration statement, as amended, has become
effective; such registration statement, as amended, and the prospectus and
prospectus supplement relating to the sale of the Securities offered thereby
constituting a part thereof, as from time to time amended or supplemented
(including any prospectus and prospectus supplement filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Act) are respectively referred to herein as the
"Registration Statement," the "Basic Prospectus" and the "Prospectus
Supplement" and the
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Basic Prospectus together with the Prospectus Supplement relating to the
Securities is hereinafter referred to as the "Prospectus"; the conditions of
Rule 415 under the Act have been satisfied with respect to the Registration
Statement; and no other amendment to the Registration Statement will be filed
which shall be reasonably disapproved by you promptly after reasonable notice
thereof.
(b) There is no request by the Commission for any further amendment of the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for any additional information; the
Commission has not issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement and Greenwood is not aware of any proceeding for that
purpose having been instituted or threatened; and there has been no
notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification for sale of
the Certificates for sale in any jurisdiction or any proceeding for such
purpose having been instituted or threatened.
(c) As of the date of the Terms Agreement, when the Registration Statement
became effective, when the Prospectus Supplement is first filed pursuant to
Rule 424(b) under the Act, when any other amendment to the Registration
Statement becomes effective, and when any supplement to the Prospectus
Supplement
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is filed with the Commission, and at the Time of Delivery (as defined in
Section 4), the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) conformed, and
any amendments or supplements thereto will conform, in all material respects to
the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder and (ii) will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this
representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made
in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to
Greenwood by an Underwriter through you expressly for use therein.
(d) Upon payment therefor as provided herein and in the Terms Agreement,
the Securities will have been duly and validly authorized and (assuming their
due authentication by the Trustee) will have been duly and validly issued and
will conform in all material respects to the description thereof in the
Prospectus and will be entitled to the benefits of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement.
(e) The issue and sale of the Securities and the compliance by Greenwood
with all of the provisions of the Securities, the
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Pooling and Servicing Agreement, this Agreement and the Terms Agreement have
been or will have been duly authorized by Greenwood by all necessary corporate
action; and will not conflict with or result in any breach which would
constitute a material default under, or, except as contemplated by the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement, result in the creation or imposition of any lien,
charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of Greenwood or NOVUS
Credit Services Inc. ("NOVUS"), material to Greenwood and NOVUS (whether or not
consolidated) considered as a whole, pursuant to the terms of, any indenture,
loan agreement or other agreement or instrument for borrowed money to which
Greenwood or NOVUS is a party or by which Greenwood or NOVUS may be bound or to
which any of the property or assets of Greenwood or NOVUS, material to
Greenwood and NOVUS (whether or not consolidated) considered as a whole, is
subject, nor will such action result in any material violation of the
provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of Greenwood or, to
the best of Greenwood's knowledge, any statute or any order, rule or regulation
applicable to Greenwood of any court or any Federal, State or other regulatory
authority or other governmental body having jurisdiction over Greenwood, and no
consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or filing
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with, any court or any such regulatory authority or other governmental body is
required for the issue and sale of the Securities except as may be required
under the Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange
Act"), and securities laws of the various states and other jurisdictions which
are applicable to the issue and sale of the Securities and except for the
filing of any financing or continuation statement required to perfect or
continue the Trust's interest in the Receivables.
(f) The Principal Receivables conveyed by Greenwood to the Trust under
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement had an aggregate outstanding balance
determined as of the date stated in the Terms Agreement of not less than the
amount set forth in the Terms Agreement; and
(g) The Pooling and Servicing Agreement is not required to be qualified
under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the "Trust Indenture Act"),
and the Trust is not required to be registered under the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act").
2. Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, Greenwood
agrees to cause to be issued and sold to each of the Underwriters, and each of
the Underwriters agrees, severally
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and not jointly, to purchase from Greenwood, at the purchase price
specified in the Terms Agreement, the principal amount of Securities set forth
in the Terms Agreement.
3. (a) From time to time, after the Registration Statement becomes
effective, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Securities for sale
upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.
(b) Each Underwriter severally represents and agrees that it will not
offer or sell or deliver any of the Securities in any jurisdiction except under
circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable laws thereof,
and without limiting the foregoing, each Underwriter severally represents and
agrees that (i) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions
of the Financial Services Xxx 0000 with respect to anything done by it in
relation to the Securities in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom;
(ii) it has only issued or passed on and will only issue or pass on in the
United Kingdom any document received by it in connection with the issue of the
Securities to a person who is of a kind described in Article II(3) of the
Financial Services Xxx 0000 (Investment Advertisements) (Exemptions) Order 1995
or who is a person to whom the document may otherwise lawfully be issued or
passed on;
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(iii) if it is an authorized person under Chapter III of the Financial
Services Xxx 0000, it has only promoted and will only promote (as that term is
defined in Regulation 1.02 of the Financial Services (Promotion of Unregulated
Schemes) Regulations 1995) to any person in the United Kingdom the scheme
described in the Prospectus Supplement if that person is of a kind described
either in Section 76(2) of the Financial Services Xxx 0000 or in Regulation
1.04 of the Financial Services (Promotion of Unregulated Schemes) Regulation
1995; and (iv) it is a person of a kind described in Article II(3) of the
Financial Services Xxx 0000 (Investment Advertisements) (Exemptions) Order
1995.
(c) Each Underwriter, severally, represents that it will not, at any time
that such Underwriter is acting as an "underwriter" (as defined in Section
2(11) of the Act) with respect to the Securities, transfer, deposit or
otherwise convey any Securities into a trust or other type of special purpose
vehicle that issues securities or other instruments backed in whole or in part
by, or that represents interests in, such Securities without the prior written
consent of Greenwood.
4. Securities to be purchased by each Underwriter hereunder and under the
Terms Agreement shall be delivered by or on behalf of Greenwood to you for the
account of such
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Underwriter, against payment by such Underwriter or on its behalf of
the purchase price thereof in immediately available funds. Unless otherwise
specified in the Terms Agreement, such delivery shall occur at the office of
Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, Chicago, Illinois or such other place as you and Greenwood
may agree upon in writing. The time and date of such delivery shall be set
forth in the Terms Agreement or at such other time and date as you and
Greenwood may agree upon in writing, such time and date being herein called the
"Time of Delivery." Unless otherwise specified in the Terms Agreement, the
Securities shall be represented by definitive certificates, registered in the
name of Cede & Co., as nominee for The Depository Trust Company. Such
definitive certificates will be made available for inspection at least
twenty-four hours prior to the Time of Delivery at the office of the Trustee,
000 Xxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx 00000.
5. Greenwood agrees with each of the Underwriters:
(a) Immediately following the execution of each Terms Agreement,
Greenwood will prepare a Prospectus Supplement setting forth the amount of
Securities covered thereby and the terms thereof not otherwise specified in the
Basic Prospectus, the price at which such Securities are to be purchased by the
Underwriters from Greenwood, either the initial public offering
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price or the method by which the price at which such Securities are to be sold
will be determined, the selling concessions and allowances, if any, and such
other information as Greenwood deems appropriate in connection with the offering
of such Securities, and Greenwood will not make any further amendment or any
supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus without first having
furnished you with a copy of the proposed form thereof and given you a
reasonable opportunity to review the same; to advise you promptly after it
receives notice of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has
been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Prospectus or any
amended Prospectus has been filed and to furnish you with copies thereof; to
advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the
Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of
the Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for
offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation or threatening of any
proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the
amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for
additional information; and in the event of the issuance of any such stop order
or of any such order preventing or suspending the use of
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such Prospectus or suspending any such qualification, to use promptly
its best efforts to obtain its withdrawal;
(b) Promptly from time to time to take such action as you may reasonably
request to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the securities
laws of such jurisdictions as you may reasonably request and to comply with
such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such
jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of
the Securities, provided that in connection therewith Greenwood shall not be
required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to
service of process in any jurisdiction;
(c) To furnish the Underwriters with copies of the Prospectus in such
quantities as you may from time to time reasonably request, and if at any time
the delivery of a Prospectus is required by law in connection with the offering
or sale of the Securities, and if at such time any event shall have occurred as
a result of which the Prospectus would include an untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary
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during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order
to comply with the Act, to notify you and to prepare and furnish without charge
to each Underwriter and to any dealer in the Securities as many copies as you
may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a
supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or
effect such compliance and in case any Underwriter is required to deliver a
Prospectus in connection with sales of any Securities at any time nine months
or more after the effective date of the Registration Statement, upon your
request but at the expense of such Underwriter, to prepare and deliver to such
Underwriter as many copies as you may reasonably request of an amended or
supplemented Prospectus complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Act;
(d) To cause the Trust to make generally available to holders of the
Securities, in accordance with Rule 158 under the Act or otherwise, as soon as
practicable, but in any event not later than forty-five days after the end of
the fourth full fiscal quarter (ninety days in the case of the last fiscal
quarter in any fiscal year) following the fiscal quarter ending after the
effective date of the Registration Statement, an earning statement of the Trust
(which need not be audited)
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complying with Section 11(a) of the Act and covering a period of at
least twelve consecutive months beginning after the effective date of such
Registration Statement;
(e) To pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of
its obligations hereunder, including the cost of all qualifications of the
Securities under state securities laws (including reasonable fees of counsel to
the Underwriters in connection with such qualifications and in connection with
legal investment surveys) and the cost of printing this Agreement and any blue
sky and legal investment memoranda.
Greenwood agrees with each of the Underwriters during the period beginning
from the date of the Terms Agreement and continuing to and including the
earlier of (i) the termination of trading restrictions on the Securities, of
which termination you agree to give Greenwood prompt notice confirmed in
writing, and (ii) the Time of Delivery, not to offer, sell, contract to sell or
otherwise dispose of any securities of Greenwood or any other affiliate thereof
or any other trust for which Greenwood or any other affiliate thereof is
depositor, which represent participation interests in Discover Card
receivables, without
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your prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld.
6. The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder shall be subject,
in their discretion, to the condition that all representations and warranties
and other statements of Greenwood herein are, at and as of the Time of
Delivery, true and correct, the condition that Greenwood shall have performed
all of its obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and the following
additional conditions:
(a) All actions required to be taken and all filings required to be made
by Greenwood under the Act prior to the Time of Delivery for the Securities
shall have been duly taken or made; and prior to the applicable Time of
Delivery, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that
purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and all
requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have
been complied with to the Commission's satisfaction.
(b) All corporate proceedings and related matters in connection with the
organization of Greenwood, the validity of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement
and the registration,
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authorization, issue, sale and delivery of the Securities shall have
been satisfactory to counsel to the Underwriters, and such counsel shall have
been furnished with such papers and information as they may reasonably have
requested to enable them to pass upon the matters referred to in this
subdivision (b).
(c) Counsel to Greenwood (which for purposes of the opinions described in
clauses (i)-(iii) and the opinions as to the due authorization, execution and
delivery of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and the due authorization,
execution, issuance and delivery of the Securities in clause (iv) may be
in-house counsel to Greenwood) shall have furnished to you their written
opinion, dated the Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you
in your reasonable judgment, to the effect that:
(i) Greenwood is validly existing as a banking corporation in good
standing under the laws of the State of Delaware;
(ii) This Agreement and the Terms Agreement have been duly authorized,
executed and delivered on the part of Greenwood;
(iii) The compliance by Greenwood with all of the provisions of this
Agreement, the Terms Agreement and the Pooling
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and Servicing Agreement will not conflict with or result in any breach
which would constitute a material default under, or, except to the extent
contemplated in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, result in the creation or
imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or
assets of Greenwood or NOVUS, material to Greenwood and NOVUS (whether or not
consolidated) considered as a whole, pursuant to the terms of, any indenture,
loan agreement or other agreement or instrument for borrowed money known to
such counsel to which Greenwood or NOVUS is a party or by which Greenwood or
NOVUS may be bound or to which any of the property or assets of Greenwood or
NOVUS, material to Greenwood and NOVUS (whether or not consolidated) considered
as a whole, is subject, nor will such action result in any material violation
of the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws of
Greenwood, or to the best knowledge of such counsel, any statute or any order,
rule or regulation applicable to Greenwood of any court or any Federal, State
or other regulatory authority or other governmental body having jurisdiction
over Greenwood other than the Act, the Exchange Act, the Trust Indenture Act
and the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations under each of such
acts and other than the securities laws of the various
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states or other jurisdictions which are applicable to the issue and
sale of the Securities and other state laws relating to the perfection of
security interests; and, to the best knowledge of such counsel, no consent,
approval, authorization or other order of, or filing with, any court or any
such regulatory authority or other governmental body is required for the issue
and sale of the Securities except as may be required under the Act, the
Exchange Act, the Trust Indenture Act and the Investment Company Act and
securities laws of the various states or other jurisdictions which are
applicable to the issue and sale of the Securities and except for the filing of
any financing or continuation statement required to perfect or continue the
Trust's interest in the Receivables;
(iv) The Pooling and Servicing Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered on the part of Greenwood and as to Greenwood is a valid
and binding instrument enforceable in accordance with its terms except as the
foregoing may be limited by insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization, moratorium
or other laws relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights or
by general equity principles; the Pooling and Servicing Agreement is not
required to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act; the Trust is not
required to be registered under
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the Investment Company Act; and the Securities have been duly
authorized and (assuming their due authentication by the Trustee) have been
duly executed, issued and delivered and constitute valid and binding
obligations of the Trust in accordance with their terms, entitled to the
benefits of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, except as the foregoing may be
limited by insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization or other laws relating to or
affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights or by general equity principles;
and
(v) The Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any further
amendments and supplements thereto made by Greenwood prior to the Time of
Delivery (other than financial, statistical and accounting data therein as to
which such counsel need express no opinion) comply as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder.
In rendering such opinion, counsel may rely to the extent they deem
appropriate upon certificates of officers or other executives of Greenwood and
their affiliates and of public officials as to factual matters and upon
opinions of other counsel. Such counsel shall also state that nothing has come
to their attention which has caused them to believe that the
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Registration Statement as of its effective date or the Prospectus as of the
date thereof and as of the applicable Time of Delivery (other than financial,
statistical and accounting data therein, as to which such counsel need express
no belief) contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.
(d) At the Time of Delivery, Deloitte & Touche LLP shall have furnished to
you a letter or letters, dated the respective date of delivery thereof, in form
and substance satisfactory to you;
(e) (i) Greenwood and its affiliates (whether or not consolidated)
considered as a whole, shall not have sustained, since the date of the latest
audited financial statement previously delivered to you, any material loss or
interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity,
whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or
governmental action, order or decree and (ii) since the date of the Terms
Agreement there shall not have been any material change in the capital stock
accounts or long-term debt of Greenwood or any material adverse change in the
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general affairs, financial position, shareholders' equity or results of
operations of Greenwood and its affiliates (whether or not consolidated)
considered as a whole, the effect of which in any such case described in clause
(i) or (ii), in your judgment renders it inadvisable to proceed with the public
offering or the delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner
contemplated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented;
(f) Subsequent to the date of the Terms Agreement none of (i) the United
States shall have become engaged in the outbreak or escalation of hostilities
involving the United States or there has been a declaration by the United
States of a national emergency or a declaration of war, (ii) a banking
moratorium shall have been declared by either Federal or New York State
authorities, or (iii) trading in securities generally on the New York Stock
Exchange shall have been suspended or limited or minimum prices shall have been
established by such Exchange, any of which events, in your judgment, renders it
inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the
Securities;
(g) At or prior to the Time of Delivery, the Certificates shall be
assigned the ratings by Xxxxx'x Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and by
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group,
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a division of The XxXxxx-Xxxx Companies Inc. ("Standard & Poor's") set
forth in the Terms Agreement;
(h) Greenwood shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to you at the
Time of Delivery certificates satisfactory to you as to the accuracy at and as
of such Time of Delivery of the representations and warranties of Greenwood
herein and as to the performance by Greenwood of all its obligations hereunder
to be performed at or prior to the Time of Delivery and Greenwood shall have
also furnished you similar certificates satisfactory to you as to the matters
set forth in subdivision (a) of this Section 6.
(i) The Underwriters shall be entitled to rely on the opinions of an
outside counsel acceptable to the Underwriters as special counsel to Greenwood
as delivered to Moody's and Standard & Poor's in connection with the rating of
the Securities.
7. (a) Greenwood will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such
Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise
out of or are based upon an untrue statement or
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alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary
Prospectus, the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus, or any amendment or
supplement thereto furnished by Greenwood, or arise out of or are based upon the
omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be
stated therein or (in the case of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus,
or any amendment or supplement thereto) necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and will reimburse
each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such
Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or
claim; provided, however, that Greenwood shall not be liable in any such case to
the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is
based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or
alleged omission made in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus or any such amendment or supplement in reliance upon and in
conformity with written information furnished to Greenwood by any Underwriter
through you expressly for use therein; and provided, further, that Greenwood
shall not be liable to any Underwriter or any
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person controlling such Underwriter under the indemnity agreement in
this subdivision (a) with respect to the Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus, as the case may be, to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage
or liability of such Underwriter or controlling person results solely from the
fact that such Underwriter sold Securities to a person to whom there was not
sent or given, at or prior to the written confirmation of such sale, a copy of
the Prospectus or of the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented if
Greenwood had previously furnished copies thereof to such Underwriter.
(b) Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless Greenwood against
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which Greenwood may become
subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in
any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or
any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the
omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be
stated therein or (in the case of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus,
or any amendment or supplement
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thereto) necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or
necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading in each case to the extent, but only
to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or
omission or alleged omission was made in any Preliminary Prospectus, the
Registration Statement, or the Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement
in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to
Greenwood by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein; and will
reimburse Greenwood for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
Greenwood in connection with investigating or defending any such action or
claim.
(c) Within a reasonable period after receipt by an indemnified party under
subdivision (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action with
respect to which indemnification is sought under such subdivision or
contribution may be sought under subdivision (d) below, such indemnified party
shall notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof. In
case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party, the
indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein, and, to the extent
that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly
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notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to
such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such
indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the
indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party for any legal
or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection
with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable
to an indemnified party under subdivision (a) or (b) above in respect of any
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred
to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) (i) in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by Greenwood on the one
hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Securities or
(ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by
applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the
relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault
of Greenwood on
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the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the
statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant
equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by Greenwood on the
one hand and such Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same
proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting
expenses) received by Greenwood bear to the total underwriting discounts and
commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the
cover page of the Prospectus Supplement. The relative fault shall be
determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to
state a material fact relates to information supplied by Greenwood on the one
hand and the Underwriters on the other and the parties' relative intent,
knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
statement or omission of Greenwood on the one hand and the Underwriters,
directly or through you, on the other hand. With respect to any Underwriter,
such relative fault shall also be determined by reference to the extent (if
any) to which such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) with
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respect to any Preliminary Prospectus result from the fact that such
Underwriter sold the Securities to a person to whom there was not sent or
given, at or prior to the written confirmation of such sale, a copy of the
Prospectus or of the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented if Greenwood
had previously furnished copies thereof to such Underwriter. Greenwood and the
Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution
pursuant to this subdivision (d) were determined by per capita allocation among
the indemnifying parties (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity
for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take
account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subdivision
(d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred
to above in this subdivision (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other
expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with
investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the
provisions of this subdivision (d), no Underwriter shall be required to
contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which
the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to
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the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has
otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue
statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be
entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The obligations of the Underwriters in this subdivision (d)
to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting
obligations and not joint.
(e) The obligations of Greenwood under this Section 7 shall be in addition
to any liability which Greenwood may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the
same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter
within the meaning of the Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under
this Section 7 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective
Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and
conditions, to each officer and director of Greenwood and to each person, if
any, who controls Greenwood within the meaning of the Act.
8. (a) If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the
Securities which it has agreed to
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purchase hereunder and under the Terms Agreement, you may in your
discretion arrange for yourselves or another party or other parties to purchase
such Securities on the terms contained herein. If within thirty-six hours
after such default by any Underwriter you do not arrange for the purchase of
such Securities, then Greenwood shall be entitled to a further period of
thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties to
purchase such Securities on such terms. In the event that, within the
respective prescribed periods, you notify Greenwood that you have so arranged
for the purchase of such Securities, or Greenwood notifies you that it has so
arranged for the purchase of such Securities, you or Greenwood shall have the
right to postpone the Time of Delivery for such Securities for a period of not
more than seven days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made
necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended or
supplemented, or in any other documents or arrangements, and Greenwood agrees
to file promptly any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus which may thereby be made necessary. The term "Underwriter" as
used in this Agreement shall include any person substituted under this Section
with like effect as if
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such person had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect
to such Securities.
(b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the
Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and Greenwood as
provided in subdivision (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of such
Securities which remains unpurchased does not exceed one-eleventh of the
aggregate principal amount of all the Securities, then Greenwood shall have the
right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the principal
amount of Securities which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder and
under the Terms Agreement and, in addition, to require each non-defaulting
Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the principal amount of
the Securities which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder and under
the Terms Agreement) of the Securities of such defaulting Underwriter or
Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein
shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
(c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the
Securities of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and Greenwood as
provided in subdivision (a) above, the aggregate principal amount of Securities
which remains
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unpurchased exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate principal amount of
all the Securities, as referred to in subdivision (b) above, or if Greenwood
shall not exercise the right described in subdivision (b) above to require
non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Securities of a defaulting Underwriter
or Underwriters, then the Terms Agreement relating to the Securities shall
thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting
Underwriter or Greenwood, except for the expenses to be borne by Greenwood as
provided in Section 5(e) hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements
in Section 7 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter
from liability for its default.
9. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties
and other statements of Greenwood and the several Underwriters, as set forth in
this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this
Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any
investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf
of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or Greenwood
or any officer or director or controlling person of Greenwood, and shall
survive delivery of and payment for the Securities. Anything herein to the
contrary
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notwithstanding, the indemnity agreement of Greenwood in subdivisions
(a) and (e) of Section 7 hereof, the representations and warranties in
subdivisions (b) and (c) of Section 1 hereof and any representation or warranty
as to the accuracy of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended
or supplemented contained in any certificate furnished by Greenwood pursuant to
subdivision (i) of Section 6 hereof, insofar as they may constitute a basis for
indemnification for liabilities (other than payment by Greenwood of expenses
incurred or paid in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)
arising under the Act, shall not extend to the extent of any interest therein
of an Underwriter or a controlling person of an Underwriter if a director,
officer or controlling person of Greenwood when the Registration Statement
becomes effective or a person who, with his consent, is named in the
Registration Statement as being about to become a director of Greenwood, is a
controlling person of such Underwriter, except in each case to the extent that
an interest of such character shall have been determined by a court of
appropriate jurisdiction as not against public policy as expressed in the Act.
Unless in the opinion of counsel for Greenwood the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, Greenwood will, if a claim for such indemnification is
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asserted, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such interest is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
10. If the Terms Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 8
hereof, Greenwood shall not then be under any liability to any Underwriter with
respect to the Securities subject to such Terms Agreement except as provided in
Section 5(e) and Section 7 hereof; but, if for any other reason the Securities
are not delivered by or on behalf of Greenwood as provided herein, Greenwood
will reimburse the Underwriters through you for all out-of-pocket expenses
approved in writing by you, including fees and disbursements of counsel,
reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the
purchase, sale and delivery of the Securities, but Greenwood shall not then be
under any further liability to any Underwriter with respect to the Securities
except as provided in Section 5(e) and Section 7 hereof.
11. In all dealings hereunder, you shall act on behalf of each of the
Underwriters and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any
statement, request, notice or
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agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by you, or by
Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx & Co. Incorporated on behalf of you.
All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in
writing or by telegram if promptly confirmed in writing and if to the
Underwriters shall be sufficient in all respects, if delivered or sent by
registered mail to you jointly in care of Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx & Co. Incorporated,
0000 Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000, Attention: ____________ and if to
Greenwood shall be sufficient in all respects if delivered or sent by
registered mail to Greenwood at 00 Xxxx'x Xxx, Xxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx 00000,
Attention: President.
12. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit
of, the Underwriters, Greenwood and, to the extent provided in Section 7 and
Section 9 hereof, the officers and directors of Greenwood and each person who
controls Greenwood or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors,
administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or
have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement. No purchaser of any of
the Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by
reason merely of such purchase.
13. Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement.
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14. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of New York. "Business day" as used herein shall mean any day when
the Commission's office in Washington, D.C. is normally open for business.
15. This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties
hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an
original, but all such respective counterparts shall together constitute one
and the same instrument.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your under-standing, please sign
and return two counterparts hereof and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on
behalf of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof
shall constitute a binding agreement between each of the Underwriters and
Greenwood.
Very truly yours,
GREENWOOD TRUST COMPANY
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxx
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Accepted as of the date hereof:
XXXXXX XXXXXXX & CO. INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx
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