AMENDED AND RESTATED SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Amended and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of April 24, 2024, between Trio Petroleum Corporation., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”).

WHEREAS, The Company and one of the Purchasers (the “Initial Purchaser”) executed and entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 16, 2024 (the “Original SPA”), pursuant to which the Initial Purchaser provided convertible debt financing to the Company for $360,000 in gross proceeds.

WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Original SPA, the Company issued to the Initial Purchaser a Senior Secured Promissory Note in the principal amount of $400,000, with an original issuance discount of $40,000 (the “Initial Purchaser Note”).

WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Original SPA, the Company and the Initial Purchaser also entered into a Security Agreement pursuant to which the Company granted to the Initial Purchaser a security interest in all of the Company’s assets as provided therein (the Original Security Agreement”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Purchasers are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon an exemption from securities registration afforded by the provisions of Section 4(a)(2) or Section 4(a)(6) of the Securities Act (as defined below), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall issue and sell to the Purchasers, as provided herein, and the Purchasers, in the aggregate, shall purchase Eight Hundred Thousand Dollars and Zero Cents ($800,000) of principal amount of secured convertible promissory notes of the Company (consisting of the Initial Purchaser Note, which was previously issued by the Company to the Initial Purchaser and a new secured convertible promissory note to be issued to the other Purchaser (the “Additional Purchaser”) in the principal amount of $400,000, with an original issuance discount of $40,000 (the “Additional Note, and collectively with the Initial Purchaser Note, the “Notes”) for an aggregate purchase price of Seven Hundred Twenty Thousand Dollars and Zero Cents ($720,000) (the “Purchase Price”), which Notes are convertible into shares (“Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock (as defined below) pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Notes with an initial conversion price of $0.25 per share, the form of which is annexed hereto as Exhibit A, and in connection with the purchase of such Notes, the Purchasers shall receive shares of Common Stock as an origination fee in connection with their purchase of the Notes (the “Commitment Shares”) in an aggregate amount equal to 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock, with 750,000 of such Commitment Shares having been previously issued to the Initial Purchaser and the remaining 750,000 Commitment Shares issuable to the Additional Purchaser at the Second Closing. The Notes, the Conversion Shares, and the Commitment Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agrees as follows:

ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Notes (as defined herein), and (b) the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Amended and Restated Initial Purchaser Note” means the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Promissory Note, in the name of the Initial Purchaser, issued to the Initial Purchaser at the Second Closing and replacing the Initial Purchaser Note.

“Bloomberg” means Bloomberg LP.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, NY are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in New York, NY are generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Closings” means the Initial Closing and the Second Closing.

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Conversion Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Notes.

“Conversion Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Recitals.

“Disclosure Schedules” means the schedules of exceptions to the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Section 3.1.

“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) and before midnight (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York, N.Y. time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on the date hereof.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options not to exceed 20% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding at any given time to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of (i) any Securities issued hereunder, and/or (ii) other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement (without regard to any vesting requirements), provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations or the contemplated holding company merger) or to extend the term of such securities, or (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144), and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).

“Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank, or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory, or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government.

“Indebtedness” means (i) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (ii) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; (iii) all obligations or liabilities secured by a lien or encumbrance on any asset of the Company, irrespective of whether such obligation or liability is assumed and (iv) the present value of any lease payments due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

“Indemnified Liabilities” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.9(a).

“Indemnitee” and “Indemnitees” shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Section 4.9(a).

“Initial Closing” means the closing occurring on April 16, 2024, at which the Company and the Initial Purchaser executed and entered into the Original SPA and Original Security Agreement, the Company issued the Initial Purchaser Note to the Initial Purchaser and the Initial Purchaser delivered its Subscription Amount to the Company.

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).

“Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions” means irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent that, among other things, reserves each Purchaser’s pro rata portion of the Required Minimum for the benefit of such Purchaser and instructs the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system the number of Conversion Shares to be issued to such Purchaser upon any conversion of such Purchaser’s Note in accordance with the terms thereof.

“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.2(c).

“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.

“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(a).

“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(l).

“Maximum Rate” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 5.17.

“Notes” means the Initial Purchaser Note, prior to the Second Closing, and then the Amended and Restated Initial Purchaser Note thereafter, and the Additional Note, subject to the terms therein, both due and payable on August 16, 2024, issued by the Company to the Purchasers hereunder, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Piggy-Back Registration” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(a).

“Principal Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, $400,000 in United States dollars.

“Principal Market” means the NYSE American.

“Public Information Failure” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).

“Public Information Failure Payments” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).

“Registrable Securities” means the Commitment Shares and the Conversion Shares. Registrable Securities also includes any capital shares or other securities of Company issued as a dividend, split or other distribution with respect to or in exchange for or in replacement of the foregoing securities or otherwise in connection with a combination of shares, distribution, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, other reorganization or other similar event with respect to the Common Stock (it being understood that, for purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person has the right to then acquire or obtain from the Company any Registrable Securities, whether or not such acquisition has actually been effected). As to any particular Registrable Securities, such securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities when: (a) a Registration Statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been sold, transferred, disposed of or exchanged in accordance with such Registration Statement; (b) such securities have been sold to, or through, a broker, dealer or underwriter in a public offering pursuant to the U.S. or applicable state blue-sky securities laws; (c) such securities have been sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act (“Rule 144”) or another exemption from registration; (d) all such securities are eligible for resale under Rule 144 or another exemption from registration during a 90-day period without volume or manner of sale restrictions; or (e) such securities shall have ceased to be outstanding.

“Registration Statement” means a registration statement filed by Company with the SEC in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder for a public offering and sale of equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, equity securities (other than a registration statement on Form S-4 or Form S-8, or their successors, or any registration statement covering only securities proposed to be issued in exchange for securities or assets of another entity).

“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(d).

“Required Minimum” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.10(a).

“Required Purchaser” means the Initial Purchaser.

“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).

“Second Closing” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities to be issued and sold, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second Trading Day following the date hereof.

“Securities” means the Notes, the Conversion Shares and the Commitment Shares.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Security Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated April 24, 2024, among the Company and the Purchasers, in the Form of Exhibit B attached hereto.

“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).

“Subscription Amount” means, with respect to each Purchaser, $360,000 in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, which Subscription Amount shall be approximately 90% of the Principal Amount.

“Stockholder Approval” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE American (or any successor entity) from the shareholders of the Company with respect to any matters or actions required to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of NYSE American including, without limitation, a reverse stock split of the Company’s Common Stock.

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 2.1(a) and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Notes, the Security Agreement and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.

“Transfer Agent” means VStock Transfer LLC and any successor transfer agent of the Company, as applicable.

“Underwritten Offering” means a registered offering in which securities of the Company are sold to an underwriter in a firm commitment underwriting for distribution to the public.

“Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price.

ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE

2.1 Closings.

(a)	Initial Closing. The Initial Closing was consummated on April 16, 2024.

(b)	Second Closing. Upon the execution of this Agreement, and subject to the conditions set forth herein, including the delivery of all applicable deliverables as provided in Section 2.2 hereafter, with those deliverables of the Company and the Initial Purchaser having been previously delivered at the Initial Closing, the Company agrees to sell to the Purchasers, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase, the Notes. Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as to the Closings as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser, and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Note, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the applicable Closing. Within two Trading Days of the satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Second Closing shall occur electronically via email, with the Initial Closing having already occurred.

(c)	The Company shall also deliver to each Purchaser, in connection with its purchase of its respective Note described in Section 2.1(a), 750,000 Commitment Shares, in consideration for its providing financing to the Company, with the 750,000 Commitment Shares having been previously delivered to the Initial Purchaser.

2.2 Deliveries.

(a) On or prior to the applicable Closing, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:

(i) the Original SPA or this Agreement, as applicable, duly executed by the Company;

(ii) a Note duly executed by the Company and registered in the name of each such Purchaser in the Principal Amount of $400,000 and, with respect to the Initial Purchaser, at the Second Closing the Amended and Restated Initial Purchaser Note;

(iii) the Commitment Shares registered in the name of such Purchaser;

(iv) the Original Security Agreement or the Security Agreement, as applicable, duly executed by the Company;

(v) the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;

(vi) Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, signed by the Company and the Transfer Agent, for each Purchaser with respect to (x) the Commitment Shares and (ii) the Conversion Shares to be issued to such Purchaser upon any conversion of such Purchaser’s Note;

(vii) an officer’s certificate certifying that the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing as though originally made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied, and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing and no Event of Default has occurred;

(viii) a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in such entity’s jurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within 10 days of the Closing;

(ix) a certified copy of the Certificate of Incorporation (or such equivalent organizational document) of the Company, dated within 10 days of the Closing;

(x) an officer’s certificate, in the form reasonably acceptable to the Purchasers, executed by an officer of the Company and dated as of the Closing, as to (i) the resolutions adopted by the Company’s board of directors authorizing the transactions contemplated hereby in a form reasonably acceptable to the Purchasers, and (ii) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company as in effect at the Closing;

(xi) a letter from the Transfer Agent certifying the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing;

(xii) a flow of funds memorandum in form and substance mutually agreed to by the Company and the Purchasers (a “Flow of Funds Memorandum”) duly executed by the Company; and

(xiii) such other documents, instruments, or certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as each Purchaser or its counsel may reasonably request.

(b) On or prior to the applicable Closing, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:

(i) the Original SPA and this Agreement, as applicable, duly executed by such Purchaser;

(ii) such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified in writing by the Company; and

(iii) a Flow of Funds Memorandum duly executed by such Purchaser, as applicable.

2.3 Closing Conditions.

(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the applicable Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing shall have been performed in all material respects; and

(iii) the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.

(b) The respective obligations of each Purchaser hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing shall have been performed in all material respects; the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement.

(iii) The Company shall have delivered to the Transfer Agent separate Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, signed by the Company and the Transfer Agent, for each Purchaser with respect to the Commitment Shares;

(iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof;

(v) from the date hereof to the Second Closing, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC or the Company’s principal Trading Market and, at any time prior to the Closing, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities on the Closing; and

(vi) no statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling, or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, or endorsed by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser which representations shall be true and correct on the Second Closing:

(a) Organization and Qualification. The Company is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. The Company is not in violation or default of any of the provisions of its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. The Company is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Action has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

(b) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors, or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company, assuming due authorization by the other parties thereto, and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(c) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(d) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) any filings required pursuant to this Agreement, and (ii) the filing of Form D with the SEC and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

(e) Issuance of the Securities. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Conversion Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock a number of shares of Common Stock for issuance of the Conversion Shares at least equal to the Required Minimum on the Closing.

(f) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), which Schedule 3.1(f) shall also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. Except as has been waived, in writing, no Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f), there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders other than as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(f).

(g) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements, and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof since January 1, 2023 (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received or obtained a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its Consolidated Subsidiaries, as applicable, as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

(h) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the SEC, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director, or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the SEC any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence, or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets, or financial condition, that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.

(i) Litigation. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (any, an “Action”) that could be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. If there are any Actions set forth in the SEC Reports, none of them (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.

(j) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company, the Company is not a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company believes that its relationship with its employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure, or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company is in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(k) Compliance. The Company: (i) is not in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company under), nor has the Company received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(l) Regulatory Permits. The Company, and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and the Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

(m) Title to Assets. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by it and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by it that is material to the business of the Company, in each case, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(m), free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company are held by it under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company is in compliance.

(n) Intellectual Property. The Company has, or has rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with its business as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). The Company has not received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of the Intellectual Property Rights have expired, terminated or been abandoned, or are expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two years from the date of this Agreement. The Company has not received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company has taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality, and value of all of its intellectual property, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(o) Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.

(q) Certain Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank, or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(r) Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.

(s) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(t) Registration Rights. Other than each of the Purchasers and except as set forth in the SEC Reports, no Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company.

(u) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(u), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in all material respects in the payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.

(v) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of each Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable stockholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

(w) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from each Closing. Schedule 3.1(w) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company, or for which the Company has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement.

(x) No Materially Adverse Contracts, Etc. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, applicable, is subject to any charter, corporate or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule or regulation which in the judgment of the Company’s officers has or is expected in the future to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, is a party to any contract or agreement which in the judgment of the Company’s officers has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(y) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries, as applicable (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary, as applicable, know of no basis for any such claim.

(z) No General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the Purchasers and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.

(aa) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, as applicable, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of the Subsidiary, as applicable, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.

(bb) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports and such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2024.

(cc) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

(dd) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Section 4.15 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Conversion Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

(ee) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company.

(ff) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, as applicable, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

(gg) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.

(hh) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

(ii) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(jj) No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company after due inquiry, any of the Company’s predecessors, affiliated issuers, directors, executive officers, other officers of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to each Purchaser a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(kk) Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.

(ll) Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify each Purchaser in writing, prior to the Closing of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person.

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the applicable Closing to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):

(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(b) Own Account. Such Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.

(c) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it converts its Note it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.

(d) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication, and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

(e) General Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.

(f) Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend, or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE IV.

REGISTRATION RIGHTS; OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

4.1 Piggy-Back Registration Rights.

(a) Piggy-Back Registration Rights. If at any time after the Initial Closing until such time as neither of the Purchasers continues to hold any Registrable Securities, the Company proposes to file a Registration Statement under the Securities Act with respect to the registration for an offering of equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, equity securities, by Company for its own account or for security holders of Company for their account (or by Company and by security holders of Company), other than a Registration Statement: (i) filed in connection with any employee share option or other benefit plan, (ii) for an exchange offer or offering of securities solely to Company’s existing security holders; (iii) for an offering of debt that is convertible into equity securities of Company, or (iv) for a dividend reinvestment plan, then Company shall (x) give written notice of such proposed filing to Purchasers holding Registrable Securities as soon as practicable but in no event less than ten (10) days before the anticipated filing date or confidential submission date, which notice shall describe the amount and type of securities to be included in such registration or offering, the intended method(s) of distribution, and the name of the proposed managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, of the offering, and (y) offer to Purchasers holding Registrable Securities in such notice the opportunity to register the sale of such number of Registrable Securities as such Purchasers may request in writing within five (5) days following receipt of such notice (a “Piggy-Back Registration”). To the extent permitted by applicable securities laws with respect to such registration by Company, Company shall use its best efforts to cause (i) such Registrable Securities to be included in such registration and (ii) the managing underwriter or underwriters of a proposed Underwritten Offering to permit the Registrable Securities requested to be included in a Piggy-Back Registration on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of Company and to permit the sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method(s) of distribution thereof. All Purchasers holding Registrable Securities proposing to distribute their securities through a Piggy-Back Registration that involves an underwriter or underwriters shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with such underwriter or underwriters selected for such Piggy-Back Registration.

(b) Reduction of Offering. If the managing underwriter or underwriters for a Piggy-Back Registration that is to be an Underwritten Offering, in good faith, advises Company and Purchasers holding Registrable Securities proposing to distribute their Registrable Securities through such Piggy-Back Registration in writing that the dollar amount or number of shares of Common Stock or other Company securities which the Company desires to sell, taken together with the shares of Company Common Stock or other Company securities, if any, to which registration has been demanded pursuant to written contractual arrangements with Persons other than the Purchasers holding Registrable Securities hereunder, the Registrable Securities as to which registration has been requested under this Section 4.1, and the shares of Common Stock or other Company securities, if any, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to the written contractual piggy-back registration rights of other security holders of Company, exceeds the maximum dollar amount or maximum number of shares that can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (the “Maximum Number of Securities”), then the Company shall include in any such registration undertaken for its own account: (i) first, the shares of the Company’s Common Stock or other securities that the Company desires to sell that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (ii) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (i), the Registrable Securities of the Purchasers, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to this Section 4.1, pro rata in accordance with their respective pro rata portions of the total outstanding Registrable Securities, that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (iii) third, any other Persons exercising piggy-back registration rights with respect to the Company’s Common Stock or other equity securities which the Company is obligated to register pursuant to separate written contractual arrangements with such Persons (other than this Agreement), pro rata among such holders thereof based on the number of securities requested by such holders to be included in such registration, that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities. In the event that Company securities that are convertible into shares of Common Stock are included in the offering, the calculations under this Section 4.1(b) shall include such Company securities on an as-converted to Common Stock basis.

(c) Withdrawal. Any Purchaser holding Registrable Securities may elect to withdraw such Purchaser’s request for inclusion of Registrable Securities in any Piggy-Back Registration by giving written notice to the Company of such request to withdraw prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. In connection with Section 4.1, the Company (whether on its own determination or as the result of a withdrawal by Persons making a demand pursuant to written contractual obligations) may withdraw a Registration Statement at any time prior to the effectiveness of such Registration Statement without any liability to the applicable Purchaser, subject to the next sentence and the provisions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any such withdrawal, the Company shall pay all expenses incurred in connection with such Piggy-Back Registration as provided in Section 4.1(d) (subject to the limitations set forth therein) by Purchasers holding Registrable Securities that requested to have their Registrable Securities included in such Piggy-Back Registration.

(d) Registration Expenses. The Company shall bear all reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with any Piggy-Back Registration pursuant to Section 4.1, and all reasonable expenses incurred in performing or complying with its other obligations under Section 4.1 of this Agreement, whether or not the Registration Statement becomes effective, including: (i) all registrations and filing fees; (ii) fees and expenses of compliance with securities or “blue sky” laws (including fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualifications of the Registrable Securities); (iii) printing expenses; (iv) the Company’s internal expenses (including all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees); (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities as required by Section 4.1(d)(ix); (vi) Financial Industry Regulatory Authority fee; (vii) fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and fees and expenses for independent certified public accountants retained by the Company; (viii) the reasonable fees and expenses of any special experts retained by the Company in connection with such registration; and (ix) the reasonable fees and expenses of one legal counsel selected by the Required Purchaser for such legal counsel’s review, comment and finalization of the proposed Registration Statement and other relevant documents. The Company shall have no obligation to pay any underwriting discounts or selling commissions attributable to the Registrable Securities being sold by the holders thereof, which underwriting discounts or selling commissions shall be borne by such holders. Additionally, in an Underwritten Offering, only if the underwriters require the selling security holders and/or the Company to bear the expenses of the underwriter following good faith negotiations, all selling security holders and the Company shall bear the expenses of the underwriter pro rata in proportion to the respective amount of securities each is selling in such offering.

(e) Information. A Purchaser holding Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement shall provide such information as may reasonably be requested by Company, or the managing underwriter, if any, in connection with the preparation of such Registration Statement, including amendments and supplements thereto, in order to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities under the Securities Act and in connection with the obligation to comply with federal and applicable state securities laws. A Purchaser selling Registrable Securities in any offering must provide all questionnaires, powers of attorney, custody agreements, stock powers, and other documentation reasonably requested by Company or the managing underwriter, if any.

4.2 Transfer Restrictions.

(a) The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.2(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights and obligations of a Purchaser under this Agreement.

(b) The Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.2, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:

[NEITHER] THIS SECURITY [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE] HAS [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY [AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY] MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time-to-time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities, including, if the Securities are subject to registration pursuant to the registration rights contained in Section 4.1 hereof, the preparation and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of selling stockholders thereunder.

(c) Certificates evidencing the Conversion Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.2(b) hereof): (i) while a Registration Statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) if such Conversion Shares are eligible to be sold, assigned, or transferred pursuant to Rule 144, when available, which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be available only in the event that a Registration Statement covering the resale of Conversion Shares is not available) (provided that a Purchaser provides the Company with reasonable assurances that such Securities are eligible for sale, assignment or transfer under Rule 144 which shall not include an opinion of such Purchaser’s counsel), or (iii) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC). For the avoidance of doubt the Company shall pay all costs associated with such opinions and counsel to the Company shall provide all opinions with respect to any resales pursuant to Rule 144 or otherwise at the sole cost of the Company, and the Company shall provide confirmation to the Transfer Agent that all such opinions are acceptable. If all or any portion of the Note is converted at a time when there is an effective Registration Statement to cover the resale of the Conversion Shares, or if such Conversion Shares may be sold under Rule 144 without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information requirements of Rule 144(c) and without volume or manner of sale restrictions or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including Sections 4(a)(1) or 4(a)(7), judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC including what is known as Section 4(a)(1½)) then such Conversion Shares shall be issued free of all legends. For avoidance of doubt, the Company agrees that after the requisite holding period to comply with Rule 144, the legend may be removed under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, assuming the holder satisfies the requirements of Rule 144. The Company agrees that at such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.2(c), it will, no later than the earlier of (i) two Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by any Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate (or stock power if issued in book entry form) representing Conversion Shares issued without a restrictive legend (such date, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends (or provide evidence of issuance in book entry form). The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4.2. Certificates for Conversion Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to such Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Purchaser. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s principal Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Conversion Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend. Certificates for the Conversion Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to such Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Purchaser.

(d) Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchaser, agrees with the Company that such Purchaser will sell any Securities pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein, and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Securities as set forth in this Section 4.2 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding.

4.3 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Conversion Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.

4.4 Furnishing of Information; Public Information.

(a) Until the earliest of the time that no Purchaser owns Securities, the Company covenants to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

(b) At any time during the period commencing from the six month anniversary of the date hereof, and ending at such time that all of the Securities may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) and otherwise without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144, if the Company (i) shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule 144(c) or (ii) has ever been an issuer described in Rule 144 (i)(1)(i) or becomes an issuer in the future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule 144(i)(2) (a “Public Information Failure”) then, in addition to such Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Securities, an amount in cash equal to one-half of one percent (.5%) of the aggregate Subscription Amount of such Purchaser’s Securities on the day of a Public Information Failure and on every 30^th day (pro-rated for periods totaling less than 30 days) thereafter until the earlier of (a) the date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b) such time that such public information is no longer required for the Purchasers to transfer the Conversion Shares pursuant to Rule 144. The payments to which a Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 4.3(b) are referred to herein as “Public Information Failure Payments.” Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the earlier of (i) the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii) the third Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured. In the event the Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit such Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and such Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. The maximum aggregated total of all Public Information Failure Payments shall not exceed the aggregate Subscription Amount

4.5 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

4.6 Conversion Procedures. The form of Notice of Conversion included in the Notes set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to convert the Notes. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion form be required in order to convert the Notes. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to convert their Notes. The Company shall honor conversions of the Notes that are converted in accordance with the terms set forth in the Transaction Documents and shall deliver the Conversion Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions, and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.7 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the SEC within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of the Required Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the SEC or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with (i) any registration statement contemplated by Section 4.1 of this Agreement and (ii) the filing of final Transaction Documents with the SEC and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).

4.8 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes may constitute, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, director, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the SEC pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

4.9 Indemnification of Purchasers.

(a) In consideration of each Purchaser’s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities thereunder and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless each Purchaser and each holder of any Securities and all of their shareholders, partners, members, officers, directors, employees and direct or indirect investors and any of the foregoing Persons’ agents or other representatives (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (each an “Indemnitee” and collectively, the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (i) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company or any Subsidiary, as applicable, in any of the Transaction Documents, (ii) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary contained in any of the Transaction Documents or (iii) any cause of action, suit, proceeding or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary) or which otherwise involves such Indemnitee that arises out of or results from (A) the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents, (B) any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of the issuance of the Securities, (C) any disclosure properly made by such Purchaser pursuant to Section 5.10, or (D) the status of such Purchaser or holder of the Securities either as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or as a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, as a party in interest or otherwise in any action or proceeding for injunctive or other equitable relief). To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities which is permissible under applicable law.

(b) If any Action shall be brought against any Indemnitee in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Indemnitee shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. Any Indemnitee shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnitee except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such Action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of Indemnitee, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Indemnitee under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by an Indemnitee effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Indemnitee’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Indemnitee in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.9(b) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of Action or similar right of any Indemnitee against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

4.10 Reservation and Listing of Securities.

(a) The Company covenants that while any Note remains outstanding, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock, free from pre-emptive rights, that would be issuable upon full, unconditioned conversion of the Notes calculated on the basis of the Conversion Price (the “Required Minimum”).

(b) The Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing or quotation and (iv) maintain the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market.

4.11 Change in Transfer Agent. If the Company’s agency relationship with the Transfer Agent should be terminated for any reason while all or any portion of the Notes remain outstanding, the Company shall immediately appoint a successor transfer agent acceptable to the Required Purchaser and shall require that the successor Transfer Agent execute and agree to be bound by the terms of the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions with respect to each Purchaser. Failure to adhere to this covenant shall automatically be deemed a material breach of this Agreement and an Event of Default under the Note.

4.12 Participation in Future Financing.

(a) From the date hereof until the 18-month anniversary of the later of: (i) the Maturity Date (as defined in the Note), and (ii) full repayment of the Notes by Company (the “Participation Period”), upon the Company’s intent to raise any financing involving the issuance by the Company of equity securities, debt securities, or any combination thereof (a “Subsequent Financing”), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, directly or indirectly, effect such Subsequent Financing unless the Company shall have first complied with this Section 4.12. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the right set forth in this Section 4.12 is a right granted by the Company, separately, to each Purchaser.

(b) At least five (5) Trading Days prior to any proposed or intended Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written notice (each such notice, a “Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall not contain any information (including, without limitation, material, non-public information) other than: (A) if the proposed Offer Notice (as defined below) constitutes or contains material, non-public information, a statement asking whether the Purchaser is willing to accept material non-public information or (B) if the proposed Offer Notice does not constitute or contain material, non-public information, (x) a statement that the Company proposes or intends to effect a Subsequent Financing, (y) a statement that the statement in clause (x) above does not constitute material, nonpublic information and (z) a statement informing such Purchaser that it is entitled to receive an Offer Notice (as defined below) with respect to such Subsequent Financing upon its written request. Upon the written request of a Purchaser within two (2) Trading Days after the Company’s delivery to such Purchaser of such Pre-Notice, and only upon a written request by such Purchaser, the Company shall promptly, but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver to such Purchaser an irrevocable written notice (the “Offer Notice”) of any proposed or intended issuance or sale or exchange (the “Offer”) of the securities being offered (the “Offered Securities”) in a Subsequent Financing, which Offer Notice shall (A) identify and describe the Offered Securities, (B) describe the price and other terms upon which they are to be issued, sold or exchanged, and the number or amount of the Offered Securities to be issued, sold or exchanged, (C) identify the Persons (if known) to which or with which the Offered Securities are to be offered, issued, sold or exchanged and (D) offer to issue and sell to or exchange with such Purchaser in accordance with the terms of the Offer such Purchaser’s pro rata portion of (I) with respect to any offerings of debt securities, 100% of the Offered Securities or (II) with respect to any other offering, 45% of the Offered Securities in each case on the same terms, conditions and price provided for in the Subsequent Financing, provided that the number of Offered Securities which such Purchaser shall have the right to subscribe for under this Section 4.12(b) shall be (x) based on such Purchaser’s pro rata portion of the aggregate original principal amount of the Notes purchased hereunder by all Purchasers (the “Basic Amount”), and (y) with respect to each Purchaser that elects to purchase its Basic Amount, any additional portion of the Offered Securities attributable to the Basic Amounts of other Purchaser as such Purchaser shall indicate it will purchase or acquire should the other Purchaser subscribe for less than their Basic Amounts (the “Undersubscription Amount”), which process shall be repeated until each Purchaser shall have an opportunity to subscribe for any remaining Undersubscription Amount..

(c) If a Purchaser desires to participate in any such Subsequent Financing, such Purchaser must provide written notice to the Company by not later than 5:30 p.m. (New York, NY time) on the second (2^nd) Trading Day after the Purchasers have received the Offer Notice that such Purchaser is exercising its right to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the amount of a Purchaser’s participation, which shall not be more than such Purchaser’s Pro Rata Participation Amount, and representing and warranting that such Purchaser has funds ready, willing and available for investment on the terms set forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice. If the Company does not receive such notice from any Purchaser as of such fifth Trading Day, such Purchaser shall have been deemed to have notified the Company that such Purchaser does not elect to participate.

(d) After 5:30 p.m. (New York, NY time) on the fifth (5^th) Trading Day after the Purchasers have received the Offer Notice, the Company shall have the right to enter into the Subsequent Financing, subject to the participation of any of the Purchasers who have properly notified the Company of its election to participate.

(e) The Company must provide the Purchasers with a second Offer Notice, and the Purchasers will again have the right to participate as set forth above in this Section 4.12, if any of the material terms of the Subsequent Financing are changed.

(f) The Company and the Purchasers agree that if Purchasers elect to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the transaction documents related to the Subsequent Financing shall not include any term or provision that, directly or indirectly, will, or is intended to, exclude the Purchasers from participating in a Subsequent Financing, including, but not limited to, eliminating the protections afforded by Section 4.8 of this Agreement provisions whereby the Purchasers shall be required to agree to any restrictions on trading as to any securities of the Company or be required to consent to any amendment to or termination of, or grant any waiver, release or the like under or in connection with this Agreement, without the prior written consent of the Purchasers.

(g) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.

4.13 No Variable Rate Transactions. From the date hereof until such time as the Purchasers no longer hold any of the Commitment Shares, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price, provided however, that an at-the-market facility with a nationally recognized broker dealer shall not be considered a Variable Rate Transaction. In addition, the Company and either Purchaser shall not be prohibited from executing or entering into a variable rate transaction with each other at any time. Either Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance or potential issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

4.14 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to such Transaction Documents. Further, the Company shall not make any payment of principal or interest on the Notes in amounts which are disproportionate to the respective principal amounts outstanding on the Notes at any applicable time. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.

4.15 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, covenants that neither it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release or SEC Report. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchaser, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release or SEC Report, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release or SEC Report, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release or SEC Report and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company after the issuance of the initial press release or SEC Report. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.

4.16 Reverse Stock Split. To the extent the Company is unable to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the applicable Trading Market, other than by consummating a reverse stock split of its shares of Common Stock, then the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to consummate such a reverse stock split prior to any delisting of its Common Stock. In order to be able to consummate a reverse stock split, if required, the Company agrees to hold a meeting of stockholders for the purpose of obtaining Stockholder Approval for such reverse stock split, not later than ninety (90) days after the Initial Closing.

4.17 Equity Raise. The Company covenants and agrees that it shall use commercially reasonable efforts to raise capital in an equity financing in an aggregate amount of at least $3,000,000 on or before May 31, 2024. The Company’s receipt of such equity financing shall be subject the mandatory prepayment provisions of Section 1.4 of the Notes.

4.18 Restriction on Activities. From the date hereof until such time as no Purchaser holds any of the Notes, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent, of the Required Purchaser, unless the Required Purchaser no longer holds its Note, in which case, without the prior written consent of the Additional Purchaser, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, materially change the nature of its business.

4.19 Corporate Existence. The Company shall, until such time as no Purchaser beneficially owns any of the Notes, maintain its corporate existence and shall not sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, except in the event of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, where the surviving or successor entity in such transaction (i) assumes the Company’s obligations hereunder and under the Transaction Documents and (ii) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is listed for trading or quotation on the NYSE American, any tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market, or the New York Stock Exchange.

ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by Additional Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the Initial Purchaser, or by the Company, with respect only to the Additional Purchaser by written notice to the Purchasers, if the Second Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth Trading Day following the date hereof, provided, however, that no such termination will not affect the right of the Company or the Additional Party to sue for any breach by the other party, as between them.

5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants, and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. In accordance with the Flow of Funds Memorandum for the Closing, the Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any conversion or exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes, and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to each Purchaser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon and subject to the Closing of the transactions contemplated hereunder, and in accordance with the Flow of Funds Memorandum for the Closing, the Company shall pay for Purchasers’ due diligence and legal fees relating to the transactions contemplated hereunder, up to a maximum amount of $12,000 for each Purchaser with respect to the Second Closing.

5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented, or amended except in a written instrument signed by the Company and the Required Purchaser. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition, or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition, or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.

5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser. Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the Purchasers.

5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth herein.

5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement, and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Actions concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees, or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts located in the State of Delaware. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such state and federal courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Action. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.10, the prevailing party in such Action shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action.

5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. If any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.

5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant, or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant, or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants, and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void, or unenforceable.

5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the case of a rescission of a conversion of the Note, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded conversion notice concurrently with the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Note (including issuance of a replacement Note evidencing such restored right).

5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft, or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

5.17 Usury. To the extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon or plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and will resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, in connection with any Action that may be brought by any Purchaser in order to enforce any right or remedy under any Transaction Document. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in any Transaction Document, it is expressly agreed and provided that the total liability of the Company under the Transaction Documents for payments in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful rate authorized under applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”), and, without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or default interest, or both of them, when aggregated with any other sums in the nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under the Transaction Documents exceed such Maximum Rate. It is agreed that if the maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law and applicable to the Transaction Documents is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental action subsequent to the date hereof, the new maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate applicable to the Transaction Documents from the effective date thereof forward, unless such application is precluded by applicable law. If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of the Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to any Purchaser with respect to indebtedness evidenced by the Transaction Documents, such excess shall be applied by such Purchaser to the unpaid principal balance of any such indebtedness or be refunded to the Company, the manner of handling such excess to be at such Purchaser’s election any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of the other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non- performance of the obligations of the other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for the other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Action for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.

5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.

5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any Action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such Action may be taken, or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.

5.21 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.

(Signature Pages Follow)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amended and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

	TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

	By:
	Name:	Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

[Company Signature Page to Trio Petroleum A&R Securities Purchase Agreement]

	PURCHASER:

	By:
	Name:
	Title:

[Initial Purchaser Signature Page to Trio Petroleum A&R Securities Purchase Agreement]

	PURCHASER:

	By:
	Name:
	Title:

[Additional Purchaser Signature Page to Trio Petroleum A&R Securities Purchase Agreement]

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AMENDED AND RESTATED SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

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