JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

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                                    EXHIBIT A

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


         In accordance with Rule 13d-1(f)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, the undersigned hereby agrees to the joint filing with each
other of the attached statement on Schedule 13G and to all amendments to such
statement and that such statement and all amendments to such statement is made
on behalf of each of them.


                                               /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                               --------------------------------
                                               XXXXX X. XXXXXXX


                                               /s/ T. Xxxxx Xxxxx
                                               --------------------------------
                                               T. XXXXX XXXXX


                                               BRAVE ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.


                                               By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                               --------------------------------
                                                   Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                                   Secretary-Treasurer


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