JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

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                                                                       EXHIBIT 1



                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


                  The undersigned agree that the foregoing Statement on Schedule
13D, dated November 18, 1996 is being filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on behalf of each of the undersigned pursuant to Rule 13d-1(f).


Dated:  November 18, 1996

                                              /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
                                           _____________________________________
                                                Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx


                                              /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
                                           _____________________________________
                                                Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx