Joint Filing Agreement

                                                                     Exhibit 7.1

                             Joint Filing Agreement

         The undersigned hereby agree that the Statement on Schedule 13D to
which this Joint Filing Agreement is attached as Exhibit 7.1 is filed on behalf
of each of us.

Date: November 13, 1998

                                          Gold & Xxxxx Transfer, S.A.,
                                          a British Virgin Islands corporation


                                          By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                              -------------------------------
                                          Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, Attorney-in-Fact for
                                          Gold & Xxxxx Transfer, S.A.




                                          By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                              -------------------------------
                                          Xxxx Xxxxxxxx