STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT dated as of August 7, 2009 among BARNES & NOBLE, INC., LEONARD RIGGIO and LOUISE RIGGIO relating to the purchase and sale of 100% of the Capital Stock of BARNES & NOBLE COLLEGE BOOKSELLERS, INC.
Exhibit
2.1
EXECUTION
VERSION
dated as
of
August 7,
2009
among
XXXXXX
& XXXXX, INC.,
XXXXXXX
XXXXXX
and
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
relating
to the purchase and sale
of
100%
of the Capital Stock
of
XXXXXX
& NOBLE COLLEGE BOOKSELLERS, INC.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
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ARTICLE
1
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Definitions
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Section
1.01. Definitions
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1
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Section
1.02. Other
Definitional and Interpretative Provisions
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12
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ARTICLE
2
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Purchase
and Sale
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||
Section
2.01. Purchase and
Sale
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13
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Section
2.02. Closing
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13
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Section
2.03. Closing
Statement
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13
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Section
2.04. Estimated Tax Distribution
Amount and Tax Distribution Amount
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14
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ARTICLE
3
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Representations
and Warranties of Sellers
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||
Section
3.01. Corporate Existence and
Power
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15
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Section
3.02. Capacity and
Authorization
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15
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Section
3.03. Governmental
Authorization
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16
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Section
3.04. Noncontravention
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16
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Section
3.05. Capitalization
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16
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Section
3.06. Ownership of
Shares
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17
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Section
3.07. Subsidiaries
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17
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Section
3.08. Financial
Statements
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18
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Section
3.09. Absence
of Certain Changes
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19
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Section
3.10. No
Undisclosed Liabilities
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19
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Section
3.11. Related
Party Transactions
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19
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Section
3.12. Material
Contracts
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20
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Section
3.13. Litigation
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22
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Section
3.14. Compliance with
Laws and Court Orders
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23
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Section
3.15. Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Obligations
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23
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Section
3.16. Absence
of Certain Business Practices
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23
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Section
3.17. Properties
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24
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Section
3.18. Intellectual
Property
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25
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Section
3.19. Privacy
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27
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|
Section
3.20. Insurance
Coverage
|
27
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|
Section
3.21. Licenses and
Permits
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28
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Section
3.22. Inventories
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28
|
i
Section
3.23. Receivables
|
28
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Section
3.24. Finders’
Fees
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28
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Section
3.25. Environmental
Matters
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29
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Section
3.26. Employee
Matters
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30
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|
Section
3.27. Tax
Matters.
|
33
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ARTICLE
4
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||
Representations
and Warranties of Buyer
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||
Section
4.01. Corporate Existence and
Power
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37
|
|
Section
4.02. Corporate
Authorization
|
37
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|
Section
4.03. Governmental
Authorization
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37
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|
Section
4.04. Noncontravention
|
37
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|
Section
4.05. Financing
|
38
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|
Section
4.06. Purchase for
Investment
|
38
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|
Section
4.07. Litigation
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38
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Section
4.08. Finders’
Fees
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38
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ARTICLE
5
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Covenants
of Sellers
|
||
Section
5.01. Conduct
of the Company
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39
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Section
5.02. Access
to Information; Confidentiality
|
42
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|
Section
5.03. Notices
of Certain Events
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43
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|
Section
5.04. Non-solicitation
|
44
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|
Section
5.05. Restructuring
Transactions
|
44
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|
Section
5.06. Financing
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44
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|
Section
5.07. Employee
Matters
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45
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ARTICLE
6
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Covenants
of Buyer
|
||
Section
6.01. Confidentiality
|
46
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|
Section
6.02. Access
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47
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ARTICLE
7
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Covenants
of Buyer and Sellers
|
||
Section
7.01. Best
Efforts; Further Assurances
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47
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Section
7.02. Certain
Filings
|
48
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|
Section
7.03. Public
Announcements
|
48
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|
Section
7.04. Certain
Accounts
|
48
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|
Section
7.05. Tax
Matters
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48
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ii
ARTICLE
8
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||
Conditions
to Closing
|
||
Section
8.01. Conditions to Obligations of
Buyer and Sellers
|
52
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Section
8.02. Conditions to Obligation of
Buyer
|
52
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|
Section
8.03. Conditions to Obligation of
Sellers
|
54
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ARTICLE
9
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||
Survival;
Indemnification
|
||
Section
9.01. Survival
|
54
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|
Section
9.02. Indemnification
|
55
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|
Section
9.03. Third
Party Claim Procedures
|
57
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|
Section
9.04. Direct
Claim Procedures
|
58
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|
Section
9.05. Calculation of
Damages
|
59
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Section
9.06. Recourse Against Seller
Notes
|
59
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Section
9.07. Remedies
Exclusive
|
60
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ARTICLE
10
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Termination
|
||
Section
10.01. Grounds for
Termination
|
60
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Section
10.02. Effect
of Termination
|
61
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ARTICLE
11
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Miscellaneous
|
||
Section
11.01. Notices
|
61
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Section
11.02. Amendments and
Waivers
|
63
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Section
11.03. Disclosure
Schedule References
|
63
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Section
11.04. Seller
Representative
|
63
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Section
11.05. Expenses
|
64
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Section
11.06. Successors and
Assigns
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64
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Section
11.07. Governing
Law
|
64
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Section
11.08. Jurisdiction
|
64
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Section
11.09. WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL
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64
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Section
11.10. Counterparts; Effectiveness;
Third Party Beneficiaries
|
65
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Section
11.11. Entire
Agreement
|
65
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Section
11.12. Severability
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65
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Section
11.13. Specific
Performance
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65
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iii
AGREEMENT
(this “Agreement”) dated
as of August 7, 2009 among Xxxxxx & Xxxxx, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(“Buyer”), Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx (each, a “Seller”; and, together the
“Sellers”), and Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx, in his capacity as the Seller Representative (as hereinafter
defined).
W
I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS,
Sellers are the record and beneficial owners of 100% of the outstanding Class A
Common Shares, no par value (the “Shares”), of Xxxxxx &
Xxxxx College Booksellers, Inc., a New York corporation (the “Company”); and
WHEREAS,
Sellers desire to sell the Shares to Buyer, and Buyer desires to purchase the
Shares from Sellers, in each case upon the terms and subject to the conditions
hereinafter set forth.
The
parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE
1
Definitions
Section
1.01 . Definitions. (a) The following terms, as
used herein, have the following meanings:
“1934 Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
“Accounting Referee” means a
nationally recognized accounting firm mutually acceptable to Buyer and
Sellers.
“Affiliate” means, with respect
to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled
by, or under common control with such Person; provided that, for purposes
of this Agreement, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be considered
Affiliates of Sellers, (ii) Buyer and its Subsidiaries (including, after
the Closing, the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall not be considered
Affiliates of Sellers and (iii) prior to the Closing, the Company and its
Subsidiaries shall not be considered Affiliates of Buyer or any of its
Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of
Sections 3.11, 3.12 and 7.04, the definition of “Affiliates” shall be read
without giving effect to clause (i) of the foregoing proviso.
“Agreed Adjustments” means
adjustments for the items set forth on Schedule 1.01(a) to be used in
determining both Estimated Applicable Net Earnings and Applicable Net
Earnings.
“Ancillary Agreements” means
(i) each Restructuring Document, (ii) the Termination and Release, (iii)
the Assignment Agreement and (iv) the Seller Notes.
“Applicable Law” means, with
respect to any Person, any federal, state, local or foreign law (statutory,
common or otherwise), constitution, treaty, convention, ordinance, code, rule,
regulation, order, injunction, judgment, decree, ruling or other similar
requirement enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by a Governmental Authority
that is binding upon or applicable to such Person, as amended unless expressly
specified otherwise.
“Applicable Net Earnings” means
an amount equal to the ordinary business income of the Company for the
Applicable Period and other items of income, gain, loss or deduction, as set
forth on IRS Form 1120S, Schedule K-1 line 18 to be filed by the Company,
determined in accordance with past practice as modified by the Agreed
Adjustments.
“Applicable Period” means
January 1, 2009 through the end of the day immediately prior to the Closing
Date.
“Assumed Tax Rate”
means 43.552%, as adjusted for any changes in Sellers’ applicable income
Tax rates during the Applicable Period.
“Balance Sheet” means the
audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the
Balance Sheet Date.
“Balance Sheet Date” means May
2, 2009.
“Bookstore Services Agreement”
means any Contract (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any lease or
sublease) pursuant to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (A) manages,
operates or leases, or provides any other services with respect to, any
bookstore, convenience store, café, or gift shop, or (B) sells (on a retail
basis) any textbooks, tradebooks, school supplies, housewares, apparel, athletic
or insignia merchandise, gifts, memorabilia, computer hardware or software, food
or beverages, or any other product commonly found in college or university
bookstores.
“Business Day” means a day,
other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in New
York, New York are authorized or required by Applicable Law to
close.
“CERCLA” means the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980.
“Closing Date” means the date
of the Closing.
2
“Code” means the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986.
“Company
Marks” means any and all Trademarks that contain the terms “Xxxxxx & Noble”, “Xxxxxx and Xxxxx”, “B&N”, “BN”
, or any derivative, combination or
stylized representation
thereof, as used or licensed by the Company or its
Subsidiaries, including any
Trademark confusingly similar thereto.
“Company Software” means any and all computer software
(including assemblers, applets, compilers, source code, object code, binary
libraries, development tools, design tools, user interfaces and data, in any
form or format, however fixed and all associated documentation) that is
incorporated in, or integrated or bundled with any software made commercially
available or otherwise distributed by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
“Contract” means any agreement,
contract, instrument, understanding, arrangement, commitment, obligation,
promise, or undertaking (whether written or oral).
“Credit Agreement” means the
Credit Agreement dated as of November 13, 2006 among the Company, Bank of
America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party
thereto.
“Environmental Laws” means any
Applicable Law or any binding agreement with any Governmental Authority relating
to the environment, to pollutants, contaminants or chemicals or any toxic,
radioactive, ignitable, corrosive, reactive or otherwise hazardous substances,
wastes or materials or to human health and safety with respect to exposure to
any of the foregoing.
“Environmental Permits” means
all Permits relating to or required by Environmental Laws.
“ERISA” means the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
“ERISA Affiliate” of any entity
means any other entity which, together with such entity, would be treated as a
single employer under Section 414 of the Code.
“Estimated Applicable Net
Earnings” means an estimate of the taxable income (including items of
income, gain, loss and deduction) of the Company for the Applicable Period,
determined in accordance with past practice as modified by the Agreed
Adjustments.
“Estimated Tax Distribution
Amount” means an amount equal to (i) the Estimated Applicable Net
Earnings multiplied by
the Assumed Tax Rate minus (ii) the aggregate
amount of tax distributions made to Sellers during the
3
Applicable
Period (including amounts paid to any Taxing Authority on behalf of Sellers and,
for the avoidance of doubt, the Permitted Tax Distribution) with respect to
Sellers’ tax liability attributable to the Company’s taxable income during the
Applicable Period.
“Estimated Tax Distribution
Date” means December 15, 2009.
“Excluded Assets” means the
assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries set forth in Section 1.01(b) of the
Disclosure Schedule.
“Excluded Liabilities” means
any (i) liabilities or obligations (including Taxes, costs and expenses) of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to or arising in connection with
(A) the Excluded Assets, (B) the Restructuring Transactions, (C) the
Restructuring Documents, (D) the Bonus Payments or (E) the Third Party
Payments, (ii) any Indemnified Taxes and (iii) any Indemnified Escheat
Payment. For purposes of determining the amount
of any Tax of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to or arising in connection
with the
Restructuring
Transactions or the
Restructuring Documents,
income or gain items that are attributable to the Restructuring Transactions
or the Restructuring
Documents shall be taken
into account net of allowable items of deduction, loss or credit (determined in
accordance with applicable
law) that relate to or arise in connection
with the Restructuring
Transactions, the
Restructuring Documents,
the Bonus Payments or the
Transaction Expenses (the “Applicable
Offsets”). For the avoidance of
doubt, Sellers shall not be
entitled to receive payment
from Buyer in the event that income and gain items attributable to the
Restructuring Transactions are less than the Applicable
Offsets.
“GAAP” means generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States.
“Governmental Authority” means
any transnational, domestic or foreign federal, state or local governmental
authority, department, court, agency or official, including any political
subdivision thereof.
“Hazardous Substances” means
any pollutant, contaminant or chemical or any toxic, radioactive, ignitable,
corrosive, reactive or otherwise hazardous substance, waste or material, or any
substance, waste or material having any constituent elements displaying any of
the foregoing characteristics, including petroleum, its derivatives, by-products
and other hydrocarbons, and any substance, waste or material regulated under any
Environmental Law.
“HSR Act” means the
Xxxx-Xxxxx-Xxxxxx Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976.
4
“Indebtedness” means, with
respect to any Person, without duplication, (i) all obligations of such
Person for borrowed money; (ii) all obligations of such Person evidenced by
bonds, debentures, notes, or other similar instruments; (iii) all
obligations in respect of letters of credit, to the extent drawn, and bankers’
acceptances issued for the account of such Person; (iv) all obligations of
such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except
for trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business consistent
with past practice; (v) all obligations of such Person as lessee which are
required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP; (vi) all guaranties by
such Person of any of the foregoing obligations of any other Person; and
(vii) all obligations secured by a Lien on the assets or properties of such
Person, whether or not such obligations are otherwise an obligation of such
Person.
“Indemnified Escheat Payment”
means any payment required to be made to any state abandoned property
administrator or other public official pursant to an abandoned property, escheat
or similar law that is attributable to abandoned or unclaimed property the
liability for which accrued on or prior to the Balance Sheet Date, together with
any interest, penalty or additonal amount imposed in connection therewith, to
the extent in excess of the reserves, if any, for such liabilities set forth on
the Pro Forma Balance Sheet. Sellers’ obligations under
Section 9.02(a) with respect to Indemnified Escheat Payments
shall expire upon the
eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Closing Date.
“Indemnified
Taxes” means any (x) Shareholder Taxes
attributable to any
Pre-Closing Tax
Period, (y) Ordinary Course Taxes
attributable to any Pre-Balance Sheet
Period, to the extent in
excess of the reserves, if any, for such Taxes set forth on the Pro Forma
Balance Sheet, and (z) Periodic Non-Income Taxes due but not timely paid prior to the Balance Sheet
Date. Sellers’ obligations under Section 9.02(a) with respect to Taxes described in
clauses (y) and (z) in the preceding sentence shall expire upon the eighteen
(18) month anniversary of the Closing Date. For purposes of this definition, the
portion of any Tax imposed for a period that includes but does not end on the Balance Sheet Date shall be deemed equal to the amount that would
be payable if the relevant Tax period ended on and included the Balance Sheet
Date. Disputes arising under this definition
and not resolved by mutual agreement within thirty (30) days shall be resolved
by an Accounting Referee jointly retained by Buyer and Sellers within five (5)
days of the date on which the need to choose the Accounting Referee
arises. The Accounting Referee shall resolve any disputed items
within thirty (30) days of having the item
referred to it pursuant to such procedures as it may require. The costs,
fees and expenses of the Accounting Referee shall be borne equally by Buyer, on
the one hand, and Sellers, on the other hand.
“Intellectual Property Rights”
means (i) inventions, whether or not patentable, reduced to practice or
made the subject of one or more pending patent
5
applications,
(ii) national and multinational statutory invention registrations, patents and
patent applications (including all reissues, divisions, continuations,
continuations-in-part, extensions and reexaminations thereof) registered or
applied for in the United States and all other nations throughout the world, all
improvements to the inventions disclosed in each such registration, patent or
patent application, (iii) Trademarks, (iv) copyrights (whether or not
registered) and registrations and applications for registration thereof in the
United States and all other nations throughout the world, including all
derivative works, moral rights, renewals, extensions, reversions or restorations
associated with such copyrights, now or hereafter provided by law, regardless of
the medium of fixation or means of expression, (v) computer software
(including source code, object code, firmware, operating systems and
specifications), (vi) trade secrets and, whether or not confidential,
business information (including pricing and cost information, business and
marketing plans and customer and supplier lists) and know-how (including
manufacturing and production processes and techniques and research and
development information), (vii) industrial designs (whether or not registered),
(viii) databases and data collections, (ix) copies and tangible
embodiments of any of the foregoing, in whatever form or medium, (x) all
rights to obtain and rights to apply for patents, and to register Trademarks and
copyrights, (xi) all rights in all of the foregoing provided by treaties,
conventions and common law and (xii) all rights to xxx or recover and
retain damages and costs and attorneys’ fees for past, present and future
infringement or misappropriation of any of the foregoing.
“IT Assets” shall mean computers, computer
software, firmware, middleware, servers, workstations, routers, hubs, switches,
data communications lines,
and all other information
technology equipment (together with all associated documentation) owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, licensed or
leased by the Company or
its Subsidiaries, or which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries otherwise has the right to
use, in each case pursuant to a
Contract (excluding any
public networks).
“knowledge of Sellers” means the
knowledge of the individuals listed in Section 1.01(c) of the Disclosure
Schedule, after reasonable inquiry.
“Licensed Intellectual Property
Rights” means all Intellectual Property Rights owned by a third party and
licensed or sublicensed to either the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
“Lien” means, with respect to
any property or asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest,
encumbrance or other adverse claim of any kind in respect of such property or
asset.
“Material Adverse Effect” means
a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), business,
assets, or results of operations of the
6
Company
and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except any such effect resulting from or
arising in connection with (i) changes in economic, regulatory or political
conditions generally, (ii) changes in GAAP or in any Applicable Law or
(iii) acts of war or terrorism, unless, in the case of each of the
foregoing clauses (i) through (iii), such changes or events disproportionately
affect the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relative to other
participants in the industry in which the Company and its Subsidiaries
operate.
“Material Licensed Intellectual
Property Rights” means any and all Intellectual Property Rights included
in the Licensed Intellectual Property Rights that are material to the operation
of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as
currently being conducted or as proposed by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries to be conducted. For the avoidance of doubt, “Material Licensed Intellectual
Property Rights” includes the software listed in Section 1.01(d) of the
Disclosure Schedule.
“Material Owned Intellectual Property
Rights” means any and all Intellectual Property Rights
included in the Owned Intellectual Property Rights that are material to the
operation of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole,
as currently being conducted or as proposed by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries to be conducted. For the avoidance of doubt, “Material Owned Intellectual Property
Rights” includes (i) any and all Company Marks and (ii) any and all
Intellectual Property Rights used in or necessary for the use or development of
the software listed in Section 1.01(e) of the Disclosure Schedule.
“Ordinary Course Taxes” means
Taxes imposed on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than Shareholder
Taxes, Periodic Non-Income Taxes or Taxes relating to or arising in connection
with (i) the Excluded Assets, (ii) the Restructuring Transactions, or (iii)
the Bonus Payments.
“Owned Intellectual Property
Rights” means all Intellectual Property Rights owned or otherwise controlled by either the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, including all Registered Intellectual
Property Rights.
“Payoff Amount” means the
aggregate amount of Indebtedness of the Company and its
Subsidiaries outstanding
under the Credit Agreement
as of immediately prior to the Closing (if any), and of any obligations related thereto
(including any accrued interest, prepayment penalties, and fees
and expenses).
“Periodic Non-Income Taxes”
means personal property Taxes, real property Taxes, and license fees
imposed on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
7
“Permitted Liens” means
(i) Liens disclosed on the Pro Forma Balance Sheet, (ii) Liens for
taxes not yet due or being contested in good faith (and for which adequate
accruals or reserves have been established on the Pro Forma Balance Sheet),
(iii) mechanic’s, materialman’s, carrier’s, repairer’s and other similar
Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business not yet due or
being contested in good faith (and for which adequate reserves have been
established on the Pro Forma Balance Sheet), (iv) pledges or deposits to secure
obligations under workers’ compensation laws or similar laws and (v) Liens which
do not materially detract from the value or materially interfere with any
present or intended use of any material property or material assets encumbered
thereby.
“Person” means an individual,
corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, trust or other
entity or organization, including a Governmental Authority.
“Post-Closing Tax Period” means
any Tax period beginning on or after the Closing Date; and, with respect to a
Tax period that begins before the Closing Date and ends thereafter, the portion
of such Tax period beginning on the Closing Date.
“Pre-Balance Sheet
Period” means any period or portion thereof
ending on or before May 2, 2009.
“Pre-Closing Tax Period” means
any Tax period ending before the Closing Date; and, with respect to a Tax period
that begins before the Closing Date and ends thereafter, the portion of such Tax
period ending on the day preceding the Closing Date.
“Public
Software” means any software that contains, or is
derived in any manner from, in whole or in part, any software that is
distributed as open source software (e.g., Linux) or under similar licensing or distribution
models that require the licensing or distribution of source code modifications
to any other Person. For the avoidance of doubt, “Public
Software” includes software licensed or
distributed under any of the following licenses or distribution models (or
licenses or distribution models similar thereto): (i) the GNU General
Public License (GPL) or Lesser/Library GPL (LGPL) and (ii) the Mozilla Public
License.
“Purchase Price” means
$596,000,000.
“Restructuring Documents” means
the agreements and resolutions pursuant to which the Company will consummate the
Restructuring Transactions, in the forms delivered to Buyer prior to the
execution of this Agreement.
8
“Restructuring Transactions”
means the transactions with respect to the Excluded Assets described in the
Restructuring Documents.
“Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Act” means the
Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Act of 2002.
“Seller Entity” means each of
(i) the Sellers, (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii)
Xxxxxxxxx.xxx.
“Seller Notes” means the
unsecured subordinated promissory notes to be issued by Buyer to Sellers at the
Closing in the principal amount of $100 million and $150 million, respectively,
in the forms attached as Exhibit A-1 and A-2.
“Shareholder Taxes” means
income Taxes imposed with respect to the income of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries by the U.S. federal government or by any other taxing authority
that follows federal law in recognizing S corporations, whether such Tax is
imposed at the shareholder or corporate level.
“Subsidiary” means, with
respect to any Person, any entity of which (i) securities or other
ownership interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the
board of directors or other persons performing similar functions or
(ii) 50% or more of the equity interests are at the time directly or
indirectly owned by such Person.
“Tax” means (i) any tax,
governmental fee or other like assessment or charge of any kind whatsoever
(including withholding on amounts paid to or by any Person), together with any
interest, penalty, addition to tax or additional amount imposed by any
governmental authority (a “Taxing Authority”) responsible
for the imposition of any such tax (domestic or foreign), and any liability for
any of the foregoing as transferee, (ii) in the case of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, liability for the payment of any amount of the type
described in clause (i) as a result of being or having been before the Closing
Date a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined or unitary group, or a
party to any agreement or arrangement, as a result of which liability of the
Company or any Subsidiary to a Taxing Authority is determined or taken into
account with reference to the activities of any other Person and
(iii) liability of the Company or any Subsidiary for the payment of any
amount as a result of being party to any Tax Sharing Agreement or with respect
to the payment of any amount imposed on any Person of the type described in (i)
or (ii) as a result of any existing express or implied agreement or arrangement
(including an indemnification agreement or arrangement).
“Tax Asset” means any net
operating loss, net capital loss, investment tax credit, foreign tax credit,
charitable deduction or any other credit or tax attribute
9
that
could be carried forward or back to reduce Taxes (including deductions and
credits related to alternative minimum Taxes).
“Tax Distribution Amount” means
an amount equal to (i) the Applicable Net Earnings multiplied by the Assumed Tax
Rate minus (ii) the
aggregate amount of tax distributions made to Sellers during the Applicable
Period (including amounts paid to any Taxing Authority on behalf of Sellers and,
for the avoidance of doubt, the Permitted Tax Distribution) with respect to
Sellers’ tax liability attributable to the Company’s taxable income during the
Applicable Period.
“Tax Distribution True-Up Date”
means March 1, 2010.
“Tax Sharing Agreements” means
all existing agreements or arrangements (whether or not written) binding the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries that provide for the allocation,
apportionment, sharing or assignment of any Tax liability or benefit, or the
transfer or assignment of income, revenues, receipts, or gains for the purpose
of determining any Person’s Tax liability, including any indemnification
agreement or arrangement pertaining to the sale or lease of assets or
subsidiaries.
“Xxxxxxxxx.xxx” means
Xxxxxxxxx.xxx, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
“Trademarks” means trademarks,
service marks, trade dress, logos, domain names, trade names and corporate names
(whether or not registered) in the United States and all other nations
throughout the world, including all variations, derivations, combinations,
registrations and applications for registration of the foregoing and all
goodwill associated therewith.
“Transaction Committee” means
the special committee of Buyer’s Board of Directors formed in connection with
the review, evaluation, negotiation and recommendation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
“Transaction Expenses” means
all costs, fees (including attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, investment
banking fees and consent fees) and other expenses incurred or otherwise payable
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions.
(b) Each of
the following terms is defined in the Section set forth opposite such
term:
Term
|
Section
|
|
Action
|
7.05
|
|
Agreement
|
Preamble
|
10
Term
|
Section
|
|
Assignment
Agreement
|
8.02
|
|
Beneficial
Ownership Reports
|
3.15
|
|
Bonus
Payments
|
3.26
|
|
Buyer
|
Preamble
|
|
Buyer
Covenant Breach
|
9.02
|
|
Buyer
Warranty Breach
|
9.02
|
|
Cap
|
9.02
|
|
Cash
Bonus Amount
|
2.03
|
|
Closing
|
2.02
|
|
Closing
Statement
|
2.03
|
|
Commitment
Letter
|
4.05
|
|
Company
|
Recitals
|
|
Company
Securities
|
3.05
|
|
Covenant
Breach
|
9.02
|
|
Damages
|
9.02
|
|
Employee
Plans
|
3.26
|
|
Excluded
Warranty Breach
|
9.02
|
|
Final
Determination Date
|
9.06
|
|
Financing
|
5.06
|
|
Indemnified
Party
|
9.03
|
|
Indemnifying
Party
|
9.03
|
|
Interested
Person
|
3.11
|
|
Leased
Real Property
|
3.17
|
|
Managed
Real Property
|
3.17
|
|
Material
Contract
|
3.12
|
|
MBS
Agreement
|
8.02
|
|
Multiemployer
Plan
|
3.26
|
|
PCI
DSS
|
3.19
|
|
Permits
|
3.21
|
|
Permitted
Tax Distribution
|
5.01
|
|
Primary
Interested Person
|
3.11
|
|
Pro
Forma Balance Sheet
|
3.08
|
|
Pro
Forma Financial Statements
|
3.08
|
|
Real
Property
|
3.17
|
|
Registered
Intellectual Property Rights
|
3.18
|
|
Representatives
|
5.06
|
|
Returns
|
3.27
|
|
Secondary
Interested Person
|
3.11
|
|
Seller
|
Preamble
|
|
Seller
Representative
|
11.04
|
|
Set-Off
Amount
|
9.06
|
|
Set-Off
Notice
|
9.06
|
11
Term
|
Section
|
|
Shares
|
Recitals
|
|
Specified
Representations
|
9.01
|
|
Subsidiary
Securities
|
3.07
|
|
Synthetic
Rights
|
3.26
|
|
Termination
and Release
|
8.02
|
|
Third
Party Claim
|
9.02
|
|
Third
Party Payments
|
3.26
|
|
Threshold
Amount
|
9.02
|
|
Transaction
Expenses Amount
|
2.03
|
|
Warranty
Breach
|
9.02
|
|
Section
1.02 . Other Definitional and
Interpretative Provisions. The words “hereof”, “herein” and
“hereunder” and words of like import used in this Agreement shall refer to this
Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this
Agreement. The captions herein are included for convenience of
reference only and shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation
hereof. References to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules are
to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules of this Agreement unless otherwise
specified. All Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto are hereby
incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full
herein. Any capitalized terms used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not
otherwise defined therein shall have the meaning set forth in this
Agreement. Any singular term in this Agreement shall be deemed to
include the plural, and any plural term the singular. Whenever the
words “include”, “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they
shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”, whether or not
they are in fact followed by those words or words of like
import. “Writing”, “written” and comparable terms refer to printing,
typing and other means of reproducing words (including electronic media) in a
visible form. References to any Contract are to that Contract as
amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms
hereof and thereof; provided that with respect to
any Contract listed on any schedules hereto, all such amendments, modifications
or supplements must also be listed in the appropriate
schedule. References to any Person include the successors and
permitted assigns of that Person. References from or through any date
mean, unless otherwise specified, from and including or through and including,
respectively. References to “law”, “laws” or to a particular statute
or law shall be deemed to refer to such statute or law as amended from time to
time, and to the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
12
ARTICLE
2
Purchase
and Sale
Section
2.01. Purchase and Sale. Upon the terms and
subject to the conditions of this Agreement, Sellers jointly and severally agree
to sell to Buyer, and Buyer agrees to purchase from Sellers, the Shares at the
Closing. The purchase price for the Shares is the Purchase Price, as
adjusted pursuant to Section 2.02. The Purchase Price shall be
paid as provided in Section 2.02.
Section
2.02 . Closing. The
closing (the “Closing”)
of the purchase and sale of the Shares hereunder shall take place at 10:00 a.m.
(New York time) at the offices of Xxxxx Xxxx & Xxxxxxxx LLP, 000 Xxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx, Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx, xx October 1, 2009, or if all of the conditions set
forth in Article
8 have not
been satisfied or waived by the appropriate party prior to such date, as soon as
practicable after October 1, 2009. At the
Closing:
(a) Buyer
shall deliver to Sellers the Seller Notes, duly executed by Buyer.
(b) Buyer
shall deliver to Sellers an amount in cash equal to (i) the Purchase Price
less (ii) $250 million
less (iii) the
Transaction Expenses Amount less (iv) the Cash Bonus
Amount in immediately available funds by wire transfer to an account or accounts
designated by Sellers, by notice to Buyer, which notice shall be delivered not
later than two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date (or if not so
designated, then by certified or official bank check payable in immediately
available funds to the order of Sellers in such amount).
(c) If
applicable, Buyer shall deliver the Payoff Amount in immediately available funds
by wire transfer in accordance with the Closing Statement.
(d) Buyer
shall deliver the unpaid portion of the Transaction Expenses Amount to the
service providers who have provided the services to which such Transaction
Expenses relate, in immediately available funds by wire transfer in accordance
with the Closing Statement.
(e) Seller
shall deliver to Buyer certificates for the Shares duly endorsed in blank or
accompanied by stock powers duly endorsed in blank, with any required transfer
stamps affixed thereto.
Section
2.03 . Closing
Statement. At least three (3) Business Days prior to the
Closing Date, the Seller Representative shall prepare and deliver to Buyer a
statement certified by the Seller Representative and the chief financial officer
of
13
the
Company (the “Closing
Statement”) setting forth (a) the Payoff Amount, together with payment
instructions therefor (if applicable), (b) the aggregate amount of the Bonus
Payments paid or to be paid in cash pursuant to Section 5.07(a)(ii) (the
“Cash Bonus Amount”) and
(c) the amount of all Transaction Expenses (the “Transaction Expenses Amount”),
together with (i) payment instructions for any unpaid Transaction Expenses
and (ii) letters or statements from each service provider to which any
Transaction Expenses are payable setting forth in reasonable detail all of the
Transaction Expenses owing to such service provider.
Section
2.04 . Estimated Tax Distribution Amount
and Tax Distribution Amount. (a) On the Estimated Tax
Distribution Date, Buyer shall deliver to Sellers an amount in cash equal to the
Estimated Tax Distribution Amount in immediately available funds by wire
transfer to an account or accounts designated by Sellers by notice to Buyer,
which notice shall be delivered not later than five (5) Business Days prior to
Estimated Tax Distribution Date. In determining the Estimated Tax
Distribution Amount, Estimated Applicable Net Earnings shall be based on the
Company’s good faith estimate of Estimated Applicable Net Earnings after
consulting with Sellers and their representatives and taking into account the
Agreed Adjustments.
(b) (i) At
least fifteen (15) Business Days prior to the Tax Distribution True-Up Date,
Buyer shall cause the Company to deliver to the Sellers a statement setting
forth the Company’s good faith estimate of the Tax Distribution Amount, together
with appropriate schedules and supporting documentation setting forth in
reasonable detail the calculations contributing thereto. Any dispute
with regard to the Tax Distribution Amount shall be subject to the procedures
set forth in Section 9.04.
(ii) If the
Estimated Tax Distribution Amount is in excess of the Tax Distribution Amount,
Sellers shall promptly deliver to Buyer an amount in cash equal to such excess
amount in immediately available funds by wire transfer to an account or accounts
designated by Buyer, by notice to the Seller Representative, which notice shall
be delivered not later than five (5) Business Days prior to the Tax Distribution
True-Up Date.
(iii) If the
Tax Distribution Amount is in excess of the Estimated Tax Distribution Amount,
Buyer shall promptly deliver to Sellers an amount in cash equal to such excess
amount in immediately available funds by wire transfer to an account or accounts
designated by Sellers, by notice to Buyer, which notice shall be delivered not
later than five (5) Business Days prior to the Tax Distribution True-Up
Date.
14
(iv) In the
event that the ordinary business income of the Company for the Applicable Period
and other items of income, gain, loss, or deduction as set forth on IRS Form
1120S, Schedule K-1 as originally filed by the Company is subsequently adjusted
upon audit, Buyer agrees to redetermine the Tax Distribution Amount in
consultation with Sellers and their representatives, and Buyer or Sellers, as
the case may be, shall promptly deliver to the other party an amount in cash
equal to the difference, if any, between the redetermined Tax Distribution
Amount and the originally determined Tax Distribution Amount. In no
event shall any redetermined Tax Distribution Amount include any amount
attributable to interest or penalties.
ARTICLE
3
REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES
OF SELLERS
Sellers
jointly and severally represent and warrant to Buyer as of the date hereof and
as of the Closing Date that:
Section
3.01. Corporate Existence and
Power. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation and has
all corporate powers and all material governmental licenses, authorizations,
permits, consents and approvals required to carry on its business as now
conducted. The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation
and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where such qualification is
necessary, except for those jurisdictions where failure to be so qualified would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. Sellers have heretofore delivered to Buyer true and complete
copies of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company as
currently in effect.
Section
3.02. Capacity and
Authorization. (a) Each Seller has full capacity and right to execute and
deliver this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which he or she is or is
to be a party and to perform his or her obligations hereunder and thereunder.
This Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement to which a Seller is or is to be a
party constitutes a valid and binding agreement of such Seller.
(b) The
execution, delivery and performance of each Ancillary Agreement to which a
Seller Entity (other than Sellers) is or is to be a party, and the consummation
of the transactions contemplated thereby, are within such Seller Entity’s
corporate or limited liability company powers (as applicable) and have been duly
authorized by all necessary corporate or limited liability company action (as
applicable) on the part of such Seller Entity. Each Ancillary
Agreement
15
to which
a Seller Entity is or is to be a party constitutes a valid and binding
obligation of such Seller Entity.
Section
3.03. Governmental
Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by Sellers of this
Agreement and the execution, delivery and performance by each Seller Entity of
the Ancillary Agreements to which such Seller Entity is or is to be party, and
the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, require no
action by or in respect of, or filing with, any Governmental Authority, other
than (i) compliance with any applicable requirements of the HSR Act and (ii)
filings with the Federal Aviation Administration following the transfer of the
limited liability company interest in B&N College Marketing Services, LLC in
connection with the Restructuring Transactions.
Section
3.04. Noncontravention.
The execution, delivery and performance by Sellers of this Agreement and the
execution, delivery and performance by each Seller Entity of the Ancillary
Agreements to which such Seller Entity is or is to be party, and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will
not (i) violate the certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or similar
organizational documents) of such Seller Entity, (ii) assuming compliance with
the matters referred to in Section 3.03, violate any Applicable Law, (iii)
except as set forth in Section 3.04(iii) of the Disclosure Schedule, require any
consent or other action by any Person under, constitute a default under, or give
rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any right or
obligation of a Seller or the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to a loss of
any benefit to which a Seller or the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is
entitled under any provision of any Contract binding upon a Seller or the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, except for any defaults, terminations,
cancellations, accelerations of any rights or obligations, or loss of benefits
that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be
material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or (iv) result in
the creation or imposition of any Lien on any asset of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries (other than Permitted Liens on assets of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries other than the Company Marks).
Section
3.05. Capitalization.
(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 200 Class A
Common Shares, no par value, (ii) 200 Class B Common Shares, no par value, (iii)
1,000 Class A Preferred Shares, par value $100, (iv) 1,100 Class B Preferred
Shares, par value $1,000 and (v) 475,000 Class C Preference Shares, par value
$1.00. As of the date hereof, there are outstanding 107.33 Class A Common
Shares, and no other shares of capital stock of the Company. On and following
the date the Company made the election described in Section 3.27(i) to be
treated as an “S Corporation” and through the date hereof, (A) the only
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have
16
been the
Class A Common Shares and Class B Common Shares, which together are treated as
one class of stock under section 1361 of the Code, and (B) the Company has not
issued or entered into any instrument, obligation or arrangement (including the
Synthetic Rights) treated as an additional class of stock pursuant to Treasury
regulations section 1.1361-1(l)(4).
(b) All
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and
validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable, except to the extent
provided under Section 630 of the New York Business Corporation Law. Except as
set forth in this Section 3.05, there are no outstanding (i) shares of capital
stock or voting securities of the Company, (ii) securities of the Company
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or voting
securities of the Company or (iii) options or other rights to acquire from the
Company, or other obligation of the Company to issue, any capital stock, voting
securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock or
voting securities of the Company (the items in Sections 3.05(b)(i), 3.05(b)(ii)
and 3.05(b)(iii) being referred to collectively as the “Company Securities”). There
are no outstanding obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to
repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Company Securities.
Section
3.06. Ownership of
Shares. Each Seller is the record and beneficial owner of the Shares set
forth opposite his or her name in Section 3.06 of the Disclosure Schedule (which
Shares collectively constitute 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock
of the Company), free and clear of any Lien and any other limitation or
restriction (including any restriction on the right to vote, sell or otherwise
dispose of the Shares), and shall transfer and deliver to Buyer at the Closing
valid title to the Shares free and clear of any Lien and any such limitation or
restriction.
Section
3.07. Subsidiaries. (a)
Each Subsidiary of the Company is an entity duly organized, validly existing and
in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, has all
organizational powers and all governmental licenses, authorizations, permits,
consents and approvals required to carry on its business as now conducted, is
duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity and is in good standing in
each jurisdiction where such qualification is necessary, except for those
jurisdictions where failure to be so qualified would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. All
Subsidiaries of the Company and their respective jurisdictions of organization
are identified in Section 3.07 of the Disclosure Schedule. Sellers have
heretofore delivered to Buyer true and complete copies of the organizational
documents of each Subsidiary of the Company as currently in effect. B&N
College Marketing Services, LLC holds no assets other than those described in
Section 1.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule.
17
(b) All
of the outstanding capital stock or other voting securities of each of the
Company’s Subsidiaries is owned by the Company, directly or indirectly, free and
clear of any Lien and any other limitation or restriction (including any
restriction on the right to vote, sell or otherwise dispose of such capital
stock or other voting securities). There are no outstanding (i) securities of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable for
shares of capital stock or voting securities of any Subsidiary of the Company or
(ii) options or other rights to acquire from the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, or other obligation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to
issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for capital stock or voting securities of any Subsidiary of the
Company (the items in Sections 3.07(b)(i) and 3.07(b)(ii) being referred to
collectively as the “Subsidiary
Securities”). There are no outstanding obligations of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any outstanding
Subsidiary Securities.
Section
3.08. Financial
Statements. (a) The audited consolidated balance sheets as of April 28,
2007, May 3, 2008 and May 2, 2009, and the related audited consolidated
statements of income and cash flows for each of the fiscal years then ended, of
the Company and its Subsidiaries fairly present, in conformity with GAAP applied
on a consistent basis (except (x) as may be indicated in the notes thereto and
(y) for the specific impact of purchase accounting), the consolidated financial
position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and their
consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods then
ended.
(b) Section
3.08(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth (i) an unaudited consolidated
pro forma balance sheet
of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the Balance Sheet Date (the “Pro Forma Balance Sheet”) and
(ii) the
related unaudited statements of income and cash flows of the Company and its
Subsidiaries for the fiscal year then ended (in each case shown on a pro forma basis after giving
effect to the adjustments identified in Section 3.08(b) of the Disclosure
Schedule) (the “Pro Forma
Financial Statements”). The Pro Forma Financial Statements (x) are
complete and correct in all material respects, (y) have been
prepared in accordance with the books and records of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, and (z) fairly present, in conformity with GAAP applied on a
consistent basis (except (1) as otherwise disclosed in Section 3.08(b) of the
Disclosure Schedule and (2) for the specific impact of purchase accounting) the
consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the
date thereof and their consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the
period then ended (on a pro
forma basis after giving effect to the Restructuring Transactions and the
other adjustments identified in Section 3.08(b) of the Disclosure
Schedule).
(c) None of
Sellers, the Company, any of the Company’s Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of
Sellers, any of their respective directors, officers,
18
employees,
auditors or accountants has received or otherwise had or obtained knowledge of
any material written complaint, allegation or claim regarding the accounting or
auditing practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries or their respective internal accounting controls, including
any complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing
practices.
Section
3.09. Absence of Certain
Changes. Except as set forth in Section 3.09 of the Disclosure Schedule,
since the Balance Sheet Date, (a) the business of the Company and its
Subsidiaries has been conducted in the ordinary course of business consistent
with past practice, (b) there has not been any event, occurrence, development or
state of circumstances or facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and (c)
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any action that, if
taken after the date hereof and prior to the Closing Date without Buyer’s
consent, would constitute a breach of Section 5.01 (including, for the avoidance
of doubt, Section 5.01(b)).
Section
3.10. No Undisclosed
Liabilities. Except as set forth in Section 3.10 of the Disclosure
Schedule, there are no liabilities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of
any kind whatsoever, whether accrued, contingent, absolute, determined,
determinable or otherwise, other than:
(a) liabilities
provided for in the Pro Forma Balance Sheet or disclosed in the notes
thereto;
(b) liabilities
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since
the Balance Sheet Date;
(c) liabilities
to be assumed by Sellers in connection with the Restructuring Transactions;
and
(d) other
liabilities which, individually or in the aggregate, are not material to the
Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
Section
3.11. Related Party
Transactions. (a) Except as set forth in Section 3.11(a) of the
Disclosure Schedule or with respect to any transactions with Buyer or its
Subsidiaries, (x) no (1) Seller, (2) member of the “immediate family” (as such
term is defined in Rule 16a-1 of the 0000 Xxx) of a Seller or (3) Affiliate of a
Seller or of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each of the foregoing, a
“Primary Interested
Person”) and (y) to the knowledge of Sellers (and to the extent the
following Persons are not Primary Interested Persons), no director, officer or
“associate” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1 of the 0000 Xxx) of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or of any Primary Interested
19
Person
(each of the foregoing, a “Secondary Interested Person”;
and, together with Primary Interested Persons, collectively, “Interested Persons”) has or
has had in the past five years, directly or indirectly, (i) an economic interest
in any Person that has furnished or sold, or furnishes or sells, services or
products that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries furnishes or sells; (ii) an
economic or beneficial interest in any Person that purchases from, or sells or
furnishes to, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries any goods or services;
(iii) an economic or beneficial interest in any Contract disclosed in the
Disclosure Schedule, other than, in the case of Sellers, by reason of their
ownership interest in the Company; or (iv) any contractual or other arrangement
with the Company and any of its Subsidiaries. Section 3.11(a) of the Disclosure
Schedule specifically sets forth, for each disclosure item included therein, (A)
the identity of the Interested Person, (B) the relationship(s) of such
Interested Person with Sellers, the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may
be, (C) the nature and magnitude of the interest or arrangement so disclosed and
(D) any and all Contracts reflecting the interest or arrangement so disclosed
(true and complete copies which have been delivered to Buyer).
(b) Except as
set forth in Section 3.11(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, in the past five years,
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has made any payment to any
third party (i) on behalf of any Primary Interested Person or, to the knowledge
of Sellers, any Secondary Interested Person or (ii) in connection with any
benefit received by any Primary Interested Person or, to the knowledge of
Sellers, any Secondary Interested Person (except, in each case, for payments
made in the ordinary course of business in connection with benefits received by
Interested Persons in their capacity as officers, directors or employees of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, so long as such benefits relate to and are
in furtherance of the Company’s business and are of the type ordinarily received
by officers, directors and employees in such capacity).
(c) Section
3.11(c) of the Disclosure Schedule contains a complete list of all intercompany
balances as of the Balance Sheet Date between Sellers and their respective
Affiliates and Interested Persons, on the one hand, and the Company and its
Subsidiaries, on the other hand (other than intercompany balances between Buyer
and its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Company and its Subsidiaries, on
the other hand). Since the Balance Sheet Date there has not been any accrual of
liability by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to a Seller or any other
Interested Person or other transaction between the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and a Seller or any other Interested Person, on
the other hand, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice.
Section
3.12. Material
Contracts. (a) Except as set forth in Section 3.12(a) of the Disclosure
Schedule or as otherwise permitted under
20
Section
5.01, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound
by:
(i) any
Bookstore Services Agreement;
(ii) other
than the Bookstore Services Agreements, any lease or sublease (whether of real
or personal property) that requires (A) annual payments by or to the Company and
its Subsidiaries of $1 million or more or (B) aggregate payments by or to the
Company and its Subsidiaries of $5 million or more;
(iii) any
Contract for the purchase of materials, supplies, goods, services, equipment or
other assets providing for either (A) annual payments by the Company and its
Subsidiaries of $1 million or more or (B) aggregate
payments by the Company and its Subsidiaries of $5 million or more;
(iv) any
sales, distribution or other similar Contract providing for the sale by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries of materials, supplies, goods, services,
equipment or other assets that provides for either (A) annual
payments to the Company and its Subsidiaries of $1 million or more or (B)
aggregate payments to the Company and its Subsidiaries of $5 million or
more;
(v) any
partnership, joint venture or other similar Contract;
(vi) other
than (x) the Bookstore Services Agreements or (y)
Contracts entered into in connection with the transfer of assets to any
successor operators of the college bookstores operated thereby (so long as, in
the case of this clause (y), such Contracts contain no material, continuing
obligations or liabilities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, including
indemnification obligations), any Contract relating to the acquisition or
disposition of any business (whether by merger, sale of stock, sale of assets or
otherwise) since January 1, 2005;
(vii) any
Contract relating to Indebtedness;
(viii) any
option, license, franchise or similar Contract;
(ix) any
agency, dealer, sales representative, marketing or other similar
Contract;
(x) any
Contract that limits or purports to limit the freedom of the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries or Affiliates, or Buyer or any of its Affiliates to compete in any
line of business or with any Person or in any
21
area or
which would so limit the freedom of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or
Affiliates, or Buyer or any of its Affiliates after the Closing
Date;
(xi) any
Contract with (A) a Seller or any Affiliate of a Seller, (B) any
Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote,
5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of any Affiliate of a Seller,
(C) any Person 5% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or
indirectly owned, controlled or held with power to vote by a Seller or any
Affiliate of a Seller or (D) any director or officer of any Affiliate of a
Seller or any “associates” or members of the “immediate family” (as such terms
are respectively defined in Rule 12b-2 and Rule 16a-1 of the 0000 Xxx) of any
such director or officer;
(xii) any
Contract with any director or officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
or with any “associate” or any member of the “immediate family” (as such terms
are respectively defined in Rules 12b-2 and 16a-1 of the 0000 Xxx) of any such
director or officer; or
(xiii) any other
Contract not made in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole.
(b) Each
Contract required to be disclosed pursuant to this Section 3.12 (each, a “Material Contract”) is a valid
and binding agreement of the Company or one of its Subsidiaries, as the case may
be, and is in full force and effect, and none of the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of Sellers, any other party thereto is in
default or breach in any material respect under the terms of any such Material
Contract, and, to the knowledge of Sellers, no event or circumstance has
occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute any event
of default thereunder. True and complete copies of each such Material Contract
(other than the Bookstore Services Agreements) have been delivered to Buyer and
true and complete copies of the Bookstore Services Agreements have been made
available to Buyer.
(c) The
Company and its Subsidiaries (as applicable) have, in all material respects,
correctly calculated and duly and timely (subject to any applicable grace
periods) made each payment required to be made by the Company or its
Subsidiaries to the other parties to the Bookstore Services Agreements,
including each payment that is calculated as a percentage of gross sales (or any
similar metric).
Section
3.13. Litigation. (a)
Except as set forth in Section 3.13(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, there is no
action, suit, inquiry, investigation or proceeding
22
pending
against, or, to the knowledge of Sellers, threatened against either Seller, the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties before
any arbitrator or any Governmental Authority, or which in any manner challenges
or seeks to prevent, enjoin, alter or materially delay the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions.
(b)
Except as set forth in Section 3.13(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, to the
knowledge of Sellers, there is no action, suit, inquiry, investigation or
proceeding pending or threatened against any college or university that is party
to a Bookstore Services Agreement (or any Person affiliated with or otherwise
controlled by, controlling or under common control with any such college or
university) before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority that would
reasonably be expected (if determined adversely to such college, university or
other Person) to have a material impact (whether directly or indirectly) on the
business or operations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
Section
3.14. Compliance with Laws and
Court Orders. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in
material violation of, and has not since January 1, 2005 violated in any
material respect, and, to the knowledge of Sellers, is not under investigation
with respect to and has not been threatened to be charged with or given notice
of any material violation of, any Applicable Law.
Section
3.15. Beneficial Ownership
Reporting Obligations. (a) The Company has filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission each beneficial ownership report and other document required
to be filed by the Company (collectively, the “Beneficial Ownership
Reports”).
(b) As of its
filing date (and as of the date of any amendment), each Beneficial Ownership
Report complied, and each Beneficial Ownership Report filed subsequent to the
date hereof will comply, with the applicable requirements of the 1934
Act.
(c) As of its
filing date (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date hereof,
on the date of such filing), each Beneficial Ownership Report filed pursuant to
the 1934 Act did not, and each Beneficial Ownership Report filed subsequent to
the date hereof will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
Section
3.16. Absence of Certain
Business Practices. None of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or, to
the knowledge of Sellers, any directors, officers, employees or agents of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries has (i) used any funds or assets for unlawful
or improper contributions, gifts,
23
entertainment
or other unlawful expenses in connection with the business of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries; (ii) made any unlawful or improper payment or contribution,
or given any unlawful or improper gift, similar benefit or anything of value, to
officials or employees of any school or Governmental Authority, or to any other
Person who was (at the time such payment was made or such gift or benefit was
given) in a position to help or hinder the business of the Company and its
Subsidiaries; (iii) been, at any time during the past ten years, the subject of
any bribery, improper contribution or anti-kickback investigation by any
Governmental Authority; or (iv) violated in any respect the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act of 1977 or any Applicable Law relating to public
procurement.
Section
3.17. Properties. (a)
Section 3.17(a) of the Disclosure Schedule correctly sets forth the address of
(i) all real property that is the subject of any Bookstore Services Agreement as
of the date hereof (the “Managed Real Property”) and (ii) all other
real property that is the subject of a lease or sublease to which the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date hereof (the “Leased Real Property”; and,
together with the Managed Real Property, the “Real Property”). Neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has owned any real property since January 1,
1999.
(b) The
Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to, or in the case
of leased property and assets have valid leasehold interests in, all property
and assets (whether real, personal, tangible or intangible) reflected on the
Balance Sheet or acquired after the Balance Sheet Date, except for properties
and assets sold since the Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice. None of such property or assets is subject to any
Lien, except for Permitted Liens.
(c) There are
no developments affecting any such property or assets pending or, to the
knowledge of Sellers, threatened, which might materially detract from the value,
materially interfere with any present or intended use or materially adversely
affect the marketability of any such property or assets.
(d) No notice
of a violation of any Applicable Law, or of any covenant, condition, easement or
restriction which is material to the Real Property or its use or occupancy, has
been given to the Company, its Subsidiaries or Sellers.
(e) After
giving effect to the Restructuring Transactions, as of the Closing, the property
and assets owned or leased by the Company and its Subsidiaries, or which they
otherwise have the right to use, will constitute all of the property and assets
used or held for use in connection with the businesses of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries and are adequate and sufficient to conduct such businesses as
currently conducted.
24
Section
3.18. Intellectual
Property. (a) Section 3.18(a)(i) of the Disclosure Schedule contains a
true and complete list of each of the registrations and applications for
registration of Intellectual Property Rights owned or otherwise controlled by
the Company or its Subsidiaries as of the date hereof (“Registered Intellectual Property
Rights”). Section 3.18(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule contains a true
and complete list of all Contracts (whether written or otherwise, including
license agreements, research agreements, development agreements, distribution
agreements, settlement agreements, consent to use agreements and covenants not
to xxx, but excluding licenses for off-the- shelf software that is generally
available on nondiscriminatory pricing terms and that has an aggregate
acquisition cost of less than $10,000) to which the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries is a party or otherwise bound as of the date hereof, granting or
restricting the Company, its Subsidiaries or any Person, any right to use,
exploit or practice any (x) Owned Intellectual Property Rights or (y) Licensed
Intellectual Property Rights.
(b) Except to
the extent expressly permitted under any Contract set forth in Section
3.18(a)(ii)(x) of the Disclosure Schedule, no Person other than the Company or
its Subsidiaries has any current or contingent right to (i) use any Material
Owned Intellectual Property Rights, (ii) grant rights under any Material Owned
Intellectual Property Rights to any Person or (iii) restrict, limit or otherwise
adversely affect the rights of the Company and its Subsidiaries in and to any
Material Owned Intellectual Property Rights.
(c) The
Licensed Intellectual Property Rights and the Owned Intellectual Property Rights
together constitute all the Intellectual Property Rights necessary to, or used
or held for use in, the conduct of the business of the Company and its
Subsidiaries as currently conducted, in all material respects. There exist no
material restrictions on the disclosure, use, license or transfer of the Owned
Intellectual Property Rights. The consummation of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement will not materially alter, encumber, impair or extinguish any
Owned Intellectual Property Rights or Licensed Intellectual Property
Rights.
(d) None of
the Company and its Subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise
violated any Intellectual Property Right of any third party. There is no claim,
action, suit, investigation or proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of
Sellers, threatened against the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any present
or former officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, (x) based upon, or challenging or seeking to deny or restrict, the
rights of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in any of the Owned
Intellectual Property Rights or the Licensed Intellectual Property Rights, (y)
alleging that the use of the Owned Intellectual Property Rights or the Licensed
Intellectual Property Rights or any services provided, processes used or
products
25
manufactured,
used, imported or sold by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries do or may
conflict with, misappropriate, infringe or otherwise violate any Intellectual
Property Right of any third party or (z) otherwise alleging that the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated
any Intellectual Property Right of any third party.
(e) None of
the Owned Intellectual Property Rights and Licensed Intellectual Property Rights
material to the operation of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries
has been adjudged invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, and all (i)
Material Owned Intellectual Property Rights and (ii) to the
knowledge of Sellers, Owned Intellectual Property Rights (to the extent not
included in the Material Owned Intellectual Property Rights) and Licensed
Intellectual Property Rights, are valid and enforceable.
(f) Except as
set forth in Section 3.18(f) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company and its
Subsidiaries (i) solely and exclusively own all right, title and interest in and
to all Owned Intellectual Property Rights (including the Registered Intellectual
Property Rights) and (ii) hold all of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’
licenses under the Licensed Intellectual Property Rights, in each case, free and
clear of any Lien. In each case where any Registered Intellectual Property Right
is held by assignment, the assignment has been duly recorded with the
Governmental Authority from which such Registered Intellectual Property Right
issued or before which an application for registration is pending. The Company
and its Subsidiaries have taken all actions necessary to maintain and protect
the Registered Intellectual Property Rights (including payment of applicable
maintenance fees and filing of applicable statements of use).
(g) To the
knowledge of Sellers, no Person has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise
violated any Material Owned Intellectual Property Right or Material Licensed
Intellectual Property Right. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken
reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the
confidentiality of all confidential Intellectual Property Rights. None of the
Material Owned Intellectual Property Rights or the Material Licensed
Intellectual Property Rights whose value to the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof has been
disclosed other than to employees, representatives and agents of the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries all of whom are bound by written confidentiality
agreements substantially in the form previously disclosed to Buyer.
(h) No Public
Software forms part of, has been used in connection with the development of, is
incorporated into or has been distributed with, in whole or in part, any Company
Software in a manner that would require the licensing, disclosure or
distribution of a material portion of any source code for such Company Software
owned or developed by or for the Company or its Subsidiaries
26
(other
than source code that is a part of such Public Software) to licensees or any
other Person.
(i) The
IT Assets operate and perform in all material respects in a manner that permits
the Company and its Subsidiaries to conduct their respective businesses as
currently conducted and, to the knowledge of Sellers, are free from all material
defects. To the knowledge of Sellers, no person has gained unauthorized access
to the IT Assets.
Section
3.19. Privacy. The
Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with (a)
all Applicable Law relating to privacy, data protection and the collection and
use of personal information and user information gathered or accessed in the
course of the operations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (b) except
as set forth in Section 3.19(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, Payment Card
Industry Data Security Standards (“PCI DSS”) as applicable and as in
effect from time to time and (c) all rules, policies and procedures
established by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from time to time with
respect to the foregoing. No claims have been asserted or threatened against the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries (and to the knowledge of Sellers, no such
claims are likely to be asserted or threatened against the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries) alleging a violation of any Person’s privacy, personal or
confidentiality rights under any such Applicable Law, the PCI DSS or the
Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ rules, policies or procedures, and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not breach
or otherwise cause any violation of the foregoing. With respect to any personal
and user information gathered or accessed in the course of the operation of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company and its Subsidiaries have at all
times taken all steps reasonably necessary (including implementing and
monitoring compliance with adequate measures with respect to technical and
physical security) to ensure that such information is protected against loss and
against unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure or other misuse. To
the knowledge of Sellers, there has been no unauthorized access to or other
misuse of that information.
Section
3.20. Insurance
Coverage. Sellers have furnished to Buyer a list of, and true and
complete copies of, all insurance policies and fidelity bonds maintained by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to the assets, business, operations,
employees, officers or directors of the Company and its Subsidiaries. There is
no claim by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pending under any such
policies or bonds as to which coverage has been questioned, denied or disputed
by the underwriters of such policies or bonds or in respect of which such
underwriters have reserved their rights. All premiums payable under all such
policies and bonds have been timely paid, and the Company and its Subsidiaries
have otherwise complied fully with the terms and
27
conditions
of all such policies and bonds. Such policies and bonds are of the type and in
amounts customarily carried by Persons conducting businesses similar to those of
the Company and its Subsidiaries.
Section
3.21. Licenses and
Permits. Section 3.21 of the Disclosure Schedule correctly describes each
material license, franchise, permit, certificate, approval or other similar
authorization affecting, or relating in any way to, the assets or business of
the Company and its Subsidiaries (in each case, issued by a Governmental
Authority) required by the Company and its Subsidiaries to conduct their
business as presently conducted (the “Permits”), together with the
name of the Governmental Authority issuing such Permit. The Permits are valid
and in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries is in default under, and no condition exists that with notice or
lapse of time or both would constitute a default under, the Permits. None of the
Permits will be terminated or impaired or become terminable, in whole or in
part, as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Restructuring Transactions.
Section
3.22. Inventories. The
inventories set forth in the Balance Sheet were properly stated therein on a
LIFO basis at the lesser of cost or fair market value determined in accordance
with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. Since the Balance Sheet Date, the
inventories of the Company and its Subsidiaries have been maintained in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. All such inventories
are owned free and clear of all Liens. All of the inventories recorded on the
Balance Sheet consist of, and all inventories of the Company and its
Subsidiaries on the Closing Date (after giving effect to the Restructuring
Transactions) will consist of, items of a quality usable or saleable in the
normal course of business consistent with past practice and are and will be in
quantities sufficient for the normal operation of the Company and its
Subsidiaries consistent with past practice.
Section
3.23. Receivables. All
accounts, notes receivable and other receivables (other than receivables
collected since the Balance Sheet Date) reflected on the Pro Forma Balance Sheet
are, and all accounts and notes receivable arising from or otherwise relating to
the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date are,
valid and bona fide receivables arising in the ordinary course of business. All
accounts, notes receivable and other receivables arising out of or relating to
such business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the Balance Sheet Date
have been included in the Pro Forma Balance Sheet in accordance with GAAP
applied on a consistent basis.
Section
3.24. Finders’ Fees.
Except for Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx & Co.
Incorporated, whose fees and expenses will be paid by Sellers, there is no
investment banker, broker, finder or other intermediary which
28
has been
retained by or is authorized to act on behalf of Sellers or the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries who might be entitled to any fee or commission in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring
Transactions.
Section
3.25. Environmental
Matters. Except as set forth in Section 3.25 of the Disclosure
Schedule:
(a) None of
the Sellers, the Company or its Subsidiaries have received notice of any
material demand, claim, request for information, citation, summons, order or
assessed penalty, no complaint has been filed and no action, suit, inquiry,
investigation or proceeding is pending, or, to the knowledge of Sellers,
threatened by any Governmental Authority or other Person with respect to any
matters relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and relating to or
arising out of any Environmental Law, Environmental Permit or Hazardous
Substance.
(b) There are
no material liabilities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any kind
whatsoever, whether accrued, contingent, absolute, determined, determinable or
otherwise, arising under or relating to any Environmental Law, Environmental
Permit or Hazardous Substance and there are no facts or conditions which could
reasonably be expected to result in or be the basis for any such
liability.
(c) Except as
could not reasonably be expected to result in or be the basis for any material
liability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, no Hazardous Substance has
been discharged, disposed of, dumped, injected, pumped, deposited, spilled,
leaked, emitted or released at, on or under any Real Property or any other
property now or previously owned, leased, managed or operated by the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries.
(d) No Real
Property or any other property now or previously owned, leased, managed or
operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any property to which the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, directly or indirectly, transported or
arranged for the transportation of any Hazardous Substances is listed or, to the
knowledge of Sellers, proposed for listing, on the National Priorities List
promulgated pursuant to CERCLA, on CERCLIS (as defined in CERCLA) or on any
analogous federal, state or foreign list of sites requiring investigation or
clean-up.
29
(e) The
Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with all
applicable Environmental Laws and have obtained and are in compliance with all
Environmental Permits.
(f) The
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the
Restructuring Transactions will not trigger any requirement for any action,
consent, approval, registration, remedial action or filing under any
Environmental Law, including (i) Sections 22a-134 through 22a-134e of the
Connecticut General Statutes (CGS), or the law commonly known as the Connecticut
Property Transfer Law, and (ii) the New Jersey Industrial Site Recovery
Act.
(g) There has
been no material environmental investigation, study, audit, test, review or
other analysis conducted that is in the possession of the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries or either Seller in relation to the current or prior business of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, any Real Property or any other property
now or previously owned, leased, managed or operated by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries that has not been delivered to Buyer at least five (5) days
prior to the date hereof.
(h) For
purposes of this Section 3.25, the terms “Company” and “Subsidiary” shall
include any entity which is, in whole or in part, a predecessor of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries.
Section
3.26. Employee Matters.
(a) Employees. Section
3.26(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true and complete list of the
names, titles, annual salaries and other compensation of all officers of the
Company and its Subsidiaries and all other employees of the Company and its
Subsidiaries whose annual base salary exceeds $300,000. To the knowledge of
Sellers, none of such employees intends to resign or retire as a result of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise within two years after
the Closing Date.
(b) Labor Matters. (i) The
Company and its Subsidiaries are in material compliance with all currently
Applicable Laws respecting employment and employment practices, terms and
conditions of employment, wages and hours and employee classification, and are
not engaged in any unfair labor practice, failure to comply with which or
engagement in which, as the case may be, would reasonably be expected to be
material.
(ii)
Except as set forth in Section 3.26(b)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a party to or otherwise subject
to or obligated with respect to any collective bargaining agreement or other
labor agreement with any union or labor organization and
30
there has
not been any activity or proceeding of any labor organization or employee group
to organize any such employees. Furthermore: (A) there are no unfair labor
practice charges or complaints against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
pending before the National Labor Relations Board or any foreign equivalent; (B)
there are no labor strikes, slowdowns or stoppages actually pending or
threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (C)
there are no representation claims or petitions pending before the National
Labor Relations Board and there are no questions concerning representation with
respect to the employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries; and (D) there are
no material grievances or pending arbitration proceedings against the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries that arose out of or under any collective bargaining
agreement.
(c) Employee Benefit Plans. (i)
Section 3.26(c)(i) of the Disclosure Schedule contains a correct and complete
list identifying each material “employee benefit plan”, as defined in Section
3(3) of ERISA, each employment, severance or similar contract, plan, arrangement
or policy and each other plan or arrangement (written or oral) providing for
compensation, bonuses, profit-sharing, stock option or other stock related
rights or other forms of incentive or deferred compensation, vacation benefits,
insurance (including any self-insured arrangements), health or medical benefits,
employee assistance program, disability or sick leave benefits, workers’
compensation, supplemental unemployment benefits, severance benefits and
post-employment or retirement benefits (including compensation, pension, health,
medical or life insurance benefits) which is maintained, administered or
contributed to by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate and covers any employee or
former employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or with respect to
which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has any liability. Copies of such
plans (and, if applicable, related trust or funding agreements or insurance
policies) and all amendments thereto and written interpretations thereof
(including, if any such plans are oral, true, correct and complete written
summaries) have been furnished to Buyer together with the most recent annual
report (Form 5500 including, if applicable, Schedule B thereto) and tax return
(Form 990) prepared in connection with any such plan or trust. Such plans are
referred to collectively herein as the “Employee Plans”.
(ii) Except as
set forth in Section 3.26(c)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule, none of the
Company, any ERISA Affiliate and any predecessor thereof sponsors, maintains or
contributes to, or has in the past sponsored, maintained or contributed to, any
Employee Plan subject to Title IV of ERISA.
(iii) None of
the Company, any ERISA Affiliate of the Company and any predecessor thereof
contributes to, or has in the past contributed to, any
31
multiemployer
plan, as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA (a “Multiemployer Plan”).
(iv) Each
Employee Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code
has received a favorable determination letter, or has pending or has time
remaining in which to file, an application for such determination from the
Internal Revenue Service, and the Company is not aware of any reason why any
such determination letter should be revoked or not be reissued. The Company has
made available to Buyer copies of the most recent Internal Revenue Service
determination letters with respect to each such Employee Plan. Each Employee
Plan has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and with the
requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, orders, rules and regulations,
including ERISA and the Code, which are applicable to such Employee Plan. No
material events have occurred with respect to any Employee Plan that could
result in payment or assessment by or against the Company of any material excise
taxes under the Code.
(v) Except as
set forth in Section 3.26(c)(v) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries has any current or projected liability in respect of
post-employment or post-retirement health or medical or life insurance benefits
for retired, former or current employees of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries, or any current or projected liability in respect of medical or
life insurance benefits for any other person, except as required to avoid excise
tax under Section 4980B of the Code. No condition exists that would prevent the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries from amending or terminating any Employee
Plan providing health or medical benefits in respect of any active employee of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than limitations imposed under the
terms of a collective bargaining agreement.
(vi) All
contributions and payments accrued under each Employee Plan will be paid on or
prior to the Closing Date in accordance with prior funding and accrual
practices. There has been no amendment to, written interpretation of or
announcement (whether or not written) by Sellers or any of their respective
Affiliates or the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to, or change in
employee participation or coverage under, any Employee Plan that would increase
materially the expense of maintaining such Employee Plan above the level of the
expense incurred in respect thereof for the most recent fiscal year ended prior
to the date hereof.
(vii) There is
no contract, plan or arrangement (written or otherwise) covering any employee or
former employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that, individually or
collectively, could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be
deductible pursuant to the terms of Sections 280G or 162(m) of the
Code.
32
(viii) Except
for the amounts set forth in Section 3.26(c)(viii) of the Disclosure Schedule
(the “Bonus Payments”),
no employee or former employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries will
become entitled to any bonus, retirement, severance, job security or similar
benefit, or the enhancement of any such benefit (including acceleration of
vesting or exercise of an incentive award), as a result of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions. All of the
Bonus Payments will be discharged in full prior to Closing pursuant to Section
5.07(a)
(ix) There are
no outstanding loans or other extensions of credit made by the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries to any executive officer (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the
0000 Xxx) or director of the Company. The Company has not, since the enactment
of the Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Act, taken any action prohibited by Section 402 of the
Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Act.
(x) There is
no action, suit, investigation, audit or proceeding pending against or involving
or, to the knowledge of Sellers, threatened against or involving any Employee
Plan before any arbitrator or any Governmental Authority.
(xi) Except as
set forth in Section 3.26(c)(xi) of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries has or shall have any liability or responsibility
for or with respect to any payments to any Person relating to, arising out of or
in connection with any notional, deemed or actual (A) equity or
equity-based interests or (B) profits interests, bonuses, incentive compensation
or other similar payments, in each case that are (x) in or related to the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (y) directly or indirectly based upon the
performance of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any business,
unit, segment or division of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) or (z)
related to the Shares or any securities of any of the Company’s Subsidiaries
(collectively, “Synthetic
Rights”). All of the Synthetic Rights described Section 3.26(c)(xi) of
the Disclosure Schedule are included in the amount of the Bonus Payments
described in Section 3.26(c)(viii) of the Disclosure Schedule and will be
discharged in full prior to Closing pursuant to Section 5.07(a).
(xii) Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liability for or responsibility
with respect to any payments made by any third party or either Seller to any
employee or executive of the Company (collectively, “Third Party Payments”), and such
Third Party payments have not for any reason been deemed or treated as
compensation to any such individual from, in respect of or payable by the
Company.
Section
3.27. Tax Matters. (a)
Filing and Payment.
Except as set forth in Section 3.27(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) all Tax
returns, statements, reports,
33
elections,
declarations, disclosures, schedules and forms (including estimated tax or
information returns and reports) filed or required to be filed with any Taxing
Authority by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
(collectively, the “Returns”), have, to the extent
required to be filed on or before the date hereof, been filed when due in
accordance with all Applicable Laws; (ii) as of the time of filing, the Returns
were true and complete in all material respects; and (iii) all Taxes shown as
due and payable on the Returns that have been filed have been timely paid, or
withheld and remitted to the appropriate Taxing Authority.
(b) Financial Records. Except as
set forth in Section 3.27(b) of the Disclosure Schedule,
(i) the charges, accruals and reserves for Taxes with respect to the Company and
its Subsidiaries reflected on the Pro Forma Balance Sheet (excluding any
provision for deferred income taxes reflecting either differences between the
treatment of items for accounting and income tax purposes or carry forwards) are
adequate to cover Tax liabilities accruing through May 2, 2009; (ii) since May
2, 2009, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any
transaction, or taken any other action, other than in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice; and (iii) all information set forth in
the Balance Sheet (including the notes thereto) relating to Tax matters is true
and complete in all material respects.
(c) Procedure and Compliance.
Except as set forth in Section 3.27(c) of the Disclosure
Schedule, (i) all Returns filed with respect to Tax years of the Company and its
Subsidiaries through the Tax year ended December 31, 2004 have been examined and
closed or are Returns with respect to which the applicable period for assessment
under Applicable Law, after giving effect to extensions or waivers, has expired;
(ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is delinquent in the
payment of any Tax or has requested any extension of time within which to file
any Return and has not yet filed such Return; (iii) neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries (or any member of any affiliated, consolidated, combined or
unitary group of which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or has been a
member) has granted any extension or waiver of the statute of limitations period
applicable to any Return, which period (after giving effect to such extension or
waiver) has not yet expired; (iv) there is no claim, audit, action, suit,
proceeding, or investigation now pending or threatened against or with respect
to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in respect of any Tax or Tax Asset;
(v) there are no requests for rulings or determinations in respect of any Tax or
Tax Asset pending between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and any Taxing
Authority; and (vi) during the five-year period ending on the date hereof, none
of either Seller, the Company, any of the Company’s Subsidiaries or any
Affiliate of a Seller has made or changed any Tax election, changed any annual
Tax accounting period, or adopted or changed any method of Tax accounting (to
the extent that any such action may materially affect the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries), or, to the extent it may affect or
34
relate to
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, filed any amended Return, entered into
any closing agreement, settled any Tax claim or assessment, or surrendered any
right to claim a Tax refund, offset or other reduction in Tax
liability.
(d) Taxing Jurisdictions. No
jurisdiction in which none of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries files Tax returns has asserted that the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries is or may be liable for Tax in that jurisdiction.
(e) Tax Sharing, Consolidation and
Similar Arrangements. Except as set forth in Section
3.27(e) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has been a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined or
unitary group other than one of which a Seller was the common parent; (ii)
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is party to any Tax Sharing
Agreement or to any other agreement or arrangement referred to in clause
(ii) or (iii)
of the definition of “Tax”; (iii) no amount of the type described in clause (ii)
or (iii) of the definition of “Tax” is currently payable by either the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, regardless of whether such Tax is imposed or
asserted by a Taxing Authority on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and
(iv) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any agreement or
arrangement with any Taxing Authority with regard to the Tax liability of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries affecting any Tax period for which the
applicable statute of limitations, after giving effect to extensions or waivers,
has not expired.
(f) Certain Agreements and
Arrangements. (i) None of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has participated in a “listed transaction” within the meaning of Treasury
Regulation Section 1.6011-4(b); (ii) during the five-year period ending on the
date hereof, none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries was a distributing
corporation or a controlled corporation in a transaction intended to be governed
by Section 355 of the Code; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has participated in or cooperated with an international boycott
within the meaning of Section 999 of the Code or has been requested to do so in
connection with any transaction or proposed transaction.
(g) Post-Closing Attributes.
Except as set forth in Section 3.27(g) of the Disclosure Schedule,
(i) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include
any adjustment in taxable income for any Post-Closing Tax Period under Section
481(c) of the Code (or any similar provision of the Tax laws of any
jurisdiction) as a result of a change in method of accounting for a Pre-Closing
Tax Period and (ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will be
required to include for a Post-Closing Tax Period taxable income attributable to
income economically realized in a Pre-Closing Tax Period, including any income
that would be includible in a Post-Closing Tax Period as a
35
result of
the installment method or the look-back method (as defined in Section 460(b) of
the Code).
(h) Property and Leases. Except
as set forth in Section 3.27(h) of the Disclosure Schedule,
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries owns an interest in real
property in any jurisdiction in which a Tax is imposed, or the value of the
interest is reassessed, on the transfer of an interest in real property and
which treats the transfer of an interest in an entity that owns an interest in
real property as a transfer of the interest in real property.
(i) Certain Elections. On May 3,
1998, the Company made a valid election under Section
1362 of the Code to be treated as an “S Corporation,” which election continues
to be valid and effective.
(j) Withholding Obligations. Each
of the Company and its Subsidiaries has complied with all
Applicable Law relating to the withholding of Taxes and has duly and timely
withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority all amounts required
to be so withheld and paid under all Applicable Law.
(k) Except as
set forth in Section 3.27(k) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) no
material transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration, value added or
other such Taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) will be
incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
(including any real property transfer Taxes or similar Taxes imposed on any
leases or other agreements treated as leases under Applicable Law); (ii) no
material Taxes will be imposed on the Company as a result of the Restructuring
Transactions; and (iii) no material employment, excise or any similar Taxes
(excluding U.S. federal wage withholding prescribed by section 3402 of the Code
and any substantially similar requirement under state tax law) will be imposed
on the Company with respect to any payments or liabilities described in Section
3.26(c) as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Restructuring Transactions.
(l) Section
3.27(l) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth the amount and date of tax
distributions that have been made to Sellers, including amounts that have been
paid to any Taxing Authority on behalf of Sellers, with respect to Sellers’
income tax liability attributable to the Company’s taxable income during the
Applicable Period.
36
ARTICLE
4
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER
Buyer
represents and warrants to Sellers as of the date hereof and as of the Closing
Date that:
Section
4.01. Corporate Existence and
Power. Buyer is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing and in
good standing under the laws of Delaware and has all corporate powers and all
material governmental licenses, authorizations, permits, consents and approvals
required to carry on its business as now conducted. Buyer is duly qualified to
do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in each
jurisdiction where such qualification is necessary, except for those
jurisdictions where failure to be so qualified would not individually or in the
aggregate reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on Buyer’s
ability to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the
Seller Notes and each other Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is or is to be a
party, or to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder.
Section
4.02. Corporate
Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by Buyer of this
Agreement, the Seller Notes and each other Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is
or is to be a party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, are within the corporate powers of Buyer and have been duly
authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Buyer. Each of this
Agreement, the Seller Notes and each other Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is
or is to be a party constitutes a valid and binding agreement or instrument of
Buyer.
Section
4.03. Governmental
Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by Buyer of this
Agreement, the Seller Notes and each other Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is
or is to be a party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, require no material action by or in respect of, or material
filing with, any Governmental Authority other than (i) compliance
with any applicable requirements of the HSR Act and (ii) compliance
with any applicable requirements of the 1934 Act.
Section
4.04. Noncontravention.
The execution, delivery and performance by Buyer of this Agreement, the Seller
Notes and each other Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is or is to be a party,
and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not
and will not (i) violate the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Buyer,
(ii) assuming compliance with the matters referred to in Section 4.03, violate
any material Applicable Law, (iii) require any consent or other action by any
Person under, constitute a default under, or give rise to any right of
termination, cancellation or acceleration of any right or obligation of Buyer or
any of its Subsidiaries or to a loss of any benefit to
37
which the
Buyer or any of its Subsidiaries is entitled under any provision of any Contract
binding upon the Buyer or any of its Subsidiaries, except for any defaults,
terminations, cancellations, accelerations of any rights or obligations, or loss
of benefits that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a material adverse effect on Buyer’s ability to consummate the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Seller Notes and each other
Ancillary Agreement to which Buyer is or is to be a party, or to perform its
obligations hereunder and thereunder.
Section
4.05. Financing. Buyer
has received and furnished a copy to Sellers of one or more commitment letters
(collectively, the “Commitment Letter”) executed by Bank of
America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., Xxxxx Fargo Retail Finance,
LLC and certain other lenders, pursuant to which the parties to the Commitment
Letter (other than Buyer) have committed, upon the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth in the Commitment Letter, to lend the amounts set forth
therein for the purpose of (inter alia) funding the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Commitment Letter has not been
amended, restated or otherwise modified prior to the date of this Agreement, and
the respective commitments contained therein have not been withdrawn, modified
or rescinded in any respect prior to the date of this Agreement. As of the date
of this Agreement, the Commitment Letter is in full force and effect and
constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer and, to the
knowledge of Buyer, the other parties thereto. As of the date hereof, Buyer
knows of no facts or circumstances that are reasonably likely to result in any
of the conditions set forth in the Commitment Letter not being
satisfied.
Section
4.06. Purchase for
Investment. Buyer is purchasing the Shares for investment for its own
account and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution
thereof. Buyer (either alone or together with its advisors) has sufficient
knowledge and experience in financial and business matters so as to be capable
of evaluating the merits and risks of its investment in the Shares and is
capable of bearing the economic risks of such investment. Buyer acknowledges
that the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or
under any state or foreign securities laws.
Section
4.07. Litigation. There
is no action, suit, investigation or proceeding pending against or, to the
knowledge of Buyer, threatened against or affecting, Buyer before any arbitrator
or any Governmental Authority which in any manner challenges or seeks to
prevent, enjoin, alter or materially delay the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
Section
4.08. Finders’ Fees.
Except for Xxxxxxxxx & Co., LLC and the other Persons previously disclosed
to Sellers, whose fees and expenses will be paid by Buyer, there is no
investment banker, broker, finder or other intermediary
38
which has
been retained by or is authorized to act on behalf of Buyer or the Transaction
Committee who might be entitled to any fee or commission in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE
5
COVENANTS OF SELLERS
Sellers
jointly and severally agree that:
Section
5.01. Conduct of the
Company. From the date hereof until the Closing Date, Sellers shall cause
each of the Company and its Subsidiaries to conduct its business in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice and to use its reasonable best
efforts to (i) preserve intact its present business organization, (ii) keep
available the services of its directors, officers and key employees, (iii)
maintain its relationships with its customers, lenders, suppliers and others
having material business relationships with it in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice, (iv) manage its working capital
(including the timing of collection of accounts receivable and of the payment of
accounts payable and the management of inventory) in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice and (v) continue to make such capital
expenditures as a prudent operator in the industry of the Company and its
Subsidiaries would reasonably be expected to make (including such capital
expenditures as are required by the Bookstore Services Agreements). Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as expressly contemplated by
this Agreement, the Restructuring Documents or as set forth in Section 5.01 of
the Disclosure Schedule, without the consent of Buyer, Sellers shall not permit
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to:
(a) amend its
certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other similar organizational documents
(whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise);
(b) split,
combine or reclassify any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries or declare, set aside or pay any dividend or other distribution
(whether in cash, stock or property or any combination thereof) in respect of
the capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or redeem,
repurchase or otherwise acquire or offer to redeem, repurchase, or otherwise
acquire any Company Securities or any Subsidiary Securities, except for
dividends by any wholly-owned Subsidiary; provided that the Company
shall be permitted to distribute to Sellers an amount in cash of $6.5 million on
September 15, 2009 (the “Permitted Tax
Distribution”);
39
(c) (i)
issue, deliver or sell, or authorize the issuance, delivery or sale of, any
shares of any Company Securities or Subsidiary Securities, other than the
issuance of any Subsidiary Securities to the Company or any other Subsidiary, or
(ii) amend any term of any Company Security or any Subsidiary Security (in each
case, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise);
(d) incur any
capital expenditures or any obligations or liabilities in respect thereof,
except for (i) capital expenditures that are expressly contemplated by the
Bookstore Services Agreements, including any Bookstore Services Agreements
entered into after the date hereof (provided that the capital
expenditure obligations of the Company under such new Bookstore Services
Agreements are consistent with past practice), and (ii) additional capital
expenditures in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice
and not to exceed $1 million individually or $5 million in the
aggregate;
(e) acquire
(by merger, consolidation, acquisition of stock or assets or otherwise),
directly or indirectly, any assets, securities, properties, interests or
businesses, other than supplies and inventory in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice;
(f) sell,
license, lease or otherwise transfer, or create or incur any Lien (other than
Permitted Liens on assets other than the Company Marks) on, any of the Company’s
or any of its Subsidiaries’ assets, securities, properties, interests or
businesses, other than sales of inventory in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice;
(g) make any
loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other
Person, other than (i) extensions of trade credit in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice and (ii) loans,
advances or investments that are expressly contemplated by the Bookstore
Services Agreements, including any Bookstore Services Agreements entered into
after the date hereof (provided that the loans,
advances or investments contemplated by such new Bookstore Services Agreements
are consistent with the past practice);
(h) create,
incur, assume, suffer to exist or otherwise become liable with respect to any
Indebtedness, other than drawings under the Credit Agreement in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, the proceeds of which are used
solely to fund the working capital and capital expenditures requirements of the
Company and its Subsidiaries or the Bonus Payments (to the extent otherwise
permitted by this Section 5.01);
40
(i) (i) enter
into any Contract that limits or otherwise restricts in any material respect the
Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective Affiliates or any
successor thereto or that could, after the Closing, limit or restrict in any
material respect the Company, Buyer or any of their respective Affiliates from
engaging or competing in any line of business, in any location or with any
Person, (ii) enter into, amend or modify in any material respect or terminate
(A) any Material Contract or (B) any
Contract with an Interested Person, or otherwise waive, release or assign any
material rights, claims or benefits of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
provided, however, that the Company
may, subject to each other provision of this Section 5.01 (including Section
5.01(i)(i)), (x) amend or modify any Bookstore Services Agreement which did not
generate more than $5,000,000 in annual revenue in the Company’s most recently
completed fiscal year, (y) renew any existing Bookstore Services Agreement that
has expired or expires after the execution of this Agreement or (z) enter into
any new Bookstore Services Agreement, in each case, in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice;
(j) (i) grant
or increase any severance or termination pay to, or amend any existing
arrangement (whether written or oral) with, any director, officer or employee of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) increase benefits payable under any
existing severance or termination pay policies or employment Contracts, (iii)
enter into any employment, deferred compensation or other similar Contract (or
amend any such existing Contract) with any director, officer or employee of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries (provided, however, that the Company and
its Subsidiaries may hire non-executive employees on an at-will basis and
otherwise in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice),
(iv) establish, adopt or amend (except as required by Applicable Law) any
collective bargaining, bonus, profit-sharing, thrift, pension, retirement,
deferred compensation, compensation, stock option, restricted stock or other
benefit plan or arrangement covering any director, officer or employee of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (v) increase any compensation, bonus or
other benefits payable to any director, officer or, other than in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, to any other employee of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
(k) change
the Company’s methods of accounting, except as required by concurrent changes in
GAAP, as agreed to by its independent public accountants and consented to in
writing by Buyer (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or
delayed);
(l) settle,
or offer or propose to settle, (i) any material litigation, investigation,
arbitration, proceeding or other claim involving or
41
against
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) any litigation, arbitration,
proceeding or dispute that relates to the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions (including, in each case, any matter
disclosed in Section 3.13 of the Disclosure Schedule);
(m) (i) take
or permit to be taken any action that, if taken on or prior to the date hereof,
would have been required to be disclosed (or would have resulted in a state of
facts that would have been required to be disclosed) in Section 3.11(a) or
3.11(b) of the Disclosure Schedule or (ii) otherwise
make any payment to any Primary Interested Person except for (A) salary and
benefits in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and
(B) payments under the Contracts disclosed in Sections 3.11(a) and 3.11(b) of
the Disclosure Schedule in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice.
(n) agree,
resolve or commit to do any of the foregoing.
Section
5.02. Access to Information;
Confidentiality. (a) From the date hereof until the Closing Date, Sellers
will (i) give, and will cause the Company and each of its Subsidiaries to give,
Buyer, its counsel, financial advisors, auditors and other authorized
representatives full access during normal business hours to the offices,
properties, books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to the
books and records of Sellers relating to the Company and its Subsidiaries, (ii)
furnish, and cause the Company and each of its Subsidiaries to furnish, to
Buyer, its counsel, financial advisors, auditors and other authorized
representatives such financial and operating data and other information relating
to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as such Persons may reasonably request
and (iii) instruct the employees, counsel and financial advisors of Sellers, the
Company and its Subsidiaries to cooperate with Buyer’s reasonable requests in
its investigation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Any investigation
pursuant to this Section 5.02 shall be conducted only upon reasonable notice by
Buyer to Sellers and the Company in such manner as not to interfere unreasonably
with the conduct of the business of the Company. No investigation by Buyer or
other information received by Buyer shall operate as a waiver or otherwise
affect any representation, warranty or agreement given or made by a Seller
hereunder.
(b)
Without limitation of any other duty or obligation of Sellers relating to
confidentiality, after the Closing, each Seller and its Affiliates will hold,
and will use their reasonable best efforts to cause their respective officers,
directors, employees, accountants, counsel, consultants, advisors and agents to
hold, in confidence, unless compelled to disclose by judicial or administrative
process or by other requirements of Applicable Law, all confidential documents
and information concerning the Company and its Subsidiaries, except to the
extent
42
that such
information can be shown to have been (i) previously known on a nonconfidential
basis by Sellers, (ii) in the public domain through no fault of Sellers or their
respective Affiliates or (iii) later lawfully acquired by Sellers from sources
other than those related to their prior ownership of the Company and its
Subsidiaries. The obligation of Sellers and their respective Affiliates to hold
any such information in confidence shall be satisfied if they exercise the same
care with respect to such information as they would take to preserve the
confidentiality of their own similar information.
(c) On
and after the Closing Date, Sellers will afford promptly to Buyer and its agents
reasonable access to their books of account, financial and other records
(including accountants’ work papers), information, employees and auditors to the
extent necessary for Buyer in connection with any audit, investigation, dispute
or litigation or any other reasonable business purpose relating to the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries.
Section
5.03. Notices of Certain
Events. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, each Seller shall,
and shall cause the Company and its Subsidiaries to, promptly notify Buyer
of:
(a) any
notice or other communication from any Person alleging that the consent of such
Person is or may be required in connection with the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions;
(b) any
notice or other communication from any Governmental Authority in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring
Transactions;
(c) any
actions, suits, claims, investigations or proceedings commenced or, to its
knowledge, threatened against, relating to or involving or otherwise affecting a
Seller or the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that, if pending on the date of
this Agreement, would have been required to have been disclosed pursuant to
Section 3.13 or that relate to the consummation of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement or the Restructuring Transactions;
(d) any
inaccuracy of any representation or warranty contained in this Agreement at any
time during the term hereof that could reasonably be expected to cause the
condition set forth in Section 8.02(a) not to be satisfied; and
43
(e) any
failure of a Seller to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or
agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder;
provided, however, that the delivery
of any notice pursuant to this Section 5.03 shall not
limit or otherwise affect the remedies available to Buyer
hereunder.
Section
5.04. Non-solicitation.
Each Seller agrees that for a period of two years after the Closing Date, except
as consented to in writing by Buyer, neither such Seller nor any of his or her
controlled Affiliates (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, Buyer and its
Subsidiaries) shall employ or solicit (other than pursuant to a general
solicitation directed to and made available to the general public), or receive
or accept the performance of services by, any current executive or
management-level employee of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries.
Section
5.05. Restructuring
Transactions. (a) No later than the Business Day immediately preceding
the Closing Date, Sellers shall cause (i) each Restructuring Document to be
executed and delivered by each party thereto in the form furnished to Buyer
prior to the date of this Agreement and (ii) the Restructuring Transactions to
be consummated in accordance with the terms of the Restructuring
Documents.
(b) Prior
to the Closing, without Buyer’s prior written consent (which consent shall not
be unreasonably withheld or delayed), neither Seller shall, or shall permit any
party to any Restructuring Document to, terminate, amend, supplement, waive or
otherwise modify any term or provision of, or waive or exercise any of its
rights, powers, privileges, remedies or claims under, any Restructuring Document
(including any exhibit, schedule, or other attachment thereto and any agreement
to be entered into in connection therewith).
Section
5.06. Financing.
Without limiting the generality of Section 7.01, prior to the Closing, Sellers
shall cause the Company and its Subsidiaries to, and shall use their reasonable
best efforts to cause the respective officers, directors, employees, investment
bankers, attorneys, accountants, consultants or other agents or advisors (“Representatives”) of the
Company and each of its Subsidiaries to, provide to Buyer all cooperation
reasonably requested by Buyer that is necessary or reasonably required in
connection with the financing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
(the “Financing”),
including the following: (i) using reasonable best efforts to cause the
Company’s senior officers and other Representatives to participate in meetings,
presentations, road shows, due diligence sessions (including accounting due
diligence sessions), drafting sessions and sessions with rating agencies; (ii)
assisting with the preparation of appropriate and customary materials for rating
agency presentations, offering
44
documents,
bank information memoranda and similar documents reasonably required in
connection with the Financing; (iii) using reasonable best efforts to assist
with the preparation of any pledge and security documents, any loan agreement,
currency or interest hedging agreement and other definitive financing documents
on terms satisfactory to Buyer, or other certificates, or documents as may be
reasonably requested by Buyer, provided that no obligation
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under any such document or agreement
shall be effective until the Closing; (iv) using reasonable best efforts to
facilitate the pledging of collateral, provided that no pledge shall
be effective until the Closing; (v) using
reasonable best efforts to furnish on a confidential basis to Buyer and its
financing sources, as promptly as practicable, financial and other pertinent
information regarding the Company as may be reasonably requested by Buyer;
(vi) providing
monthly, quarterly and annual financial statements (excluding footnotes, in the
case of monthly and quarterly financial statements) to the extent the Company
customarily prepares such financial statements within the time such statements
are customarily prepared; and (vii) using reasonable best efforts to cause the
Company’s independent accountants to cooperate with and assist Buyer in
preparing customary and appropriate information packages and offering materials
as prospective lenders may reasonably request for use in connection with the
offering and/or syndication of debt securities, loan facilities and other
matters contemplated by the Financing; provided that,
notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, until the Closing
occurs, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (A) be required to
pay any commitment or other similar fee, (B) have any liability or obligation
under any loan agreement or any related document or any other agreement or
document related to the Financing or (C) be required to incur any other
liability in connection with the Financing.
Section
5.07. Employee Matters.
(a) The Sellers shall cause the Company to discharge and fully satisfy, no later
than the Business Day immediately preceding the Closing Date, all liability and
responsibility for and in respect of the Bonus Payments (including all liability
and responsibility for and in respect of the Synthetic Rights). The Bonus
Payments shall be satisfied (i) by distribution of Excluded Assets and/or (ii)
by the payment of cash, in each case, by the Company to the recipients thereof.
The aggregate amount of the Bonus Payments (including the fair market value of
any Excluded Assets used to satisfy Bonus Payments) shall not exceed the amount
set forth in Section 3.26(c)(viii) of the Disclosure Schedule.
(b)
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall have any liability or
responsibility for any Third Party Payments, whether arising prior to, on or
after the Closing Date.
45
(c) Sellers
have heretofore delivered to Buyer term sheets, in the form agreed prior to the
date hereof, executed by each employee of the Company listed in Section 5.07(c)
of the Disclosure Schedule.
(d) Prior to
the Closing Date, Sellers shall cause each of the employees of Xxxxxxxxx.xxx
listed in Section 5.07(d) of the Disclosure Schedule to be transferred to the
Company.
ARTICLE
6
COVENANTS OF BUYER
Buyer
agrees that:
Section
6.01. Confidentiality.
Subject to Section 7.03, prior to the Closing Date and after any termination of
this Agreement, Buyer and its Affiliates will hold, and will use their
reasonable best efforts to cause their respective officers, directors,
employees, accountants, counsel, consultants, advisors and agents to hold, in
confidence, unless compelled to disclose by judicial or administrative process
or by other requirements of Applicable Law, all documents and information
concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, Sellers or any of their
respective Affiliates furnished to Buyer or its Affiliates in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Restructuring
Transactions, except to the extent that such information can be shown to have
been (i) previously known on a nonconfidential basis by Buyer, (ii) in the
public domain through no fault of Buyer or any of its Affiliates or (iii) later
lawfully acquired by Buyer from sources other than Sellers or the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, which sources are not, to Buyer’s knowledge, subject to any
legally binding obligation to the Company or its Subsidiaries to keep such
information confidential; provided that Buyer may
disclose such information to its officers, directors, employees, accountants,
counsel, consultants, advisors and agents in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and to its lenders or other Persons in connection
with obtaining the financing for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
so long as such Persons are informed by Buyer of the confidential nature of such
information and are directed by Buyer to treat such information confidentially.
The obligation of Buyer and its Affiliates to hold any such information in
confidence shall be satisfied if they exercise the same care with respect to
such information as they would take to preserve the confidentiality of their own
similar information. If this Agreement is terminated, (x) Buyer and its
Affiliates will, and will use their reasonable best efforts to cause their
respective officers, directors, employees, accountants, counsel, consultants,
advisors and agents and their lenders and such other Persons to, destroy or
deliver to Sellers, upon request, all documents and other materials, and all
copies thereof, obtained by Buyer or its Affiliates or on their behalf
from
46
Sellers
or the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with this Agreement that
are subject to such confidence and (y) Buyer shall certify in writing to Sellers
that all documents and other materials subject to the confidentiality
restrictions of this Section 6.01 shall have been destroyed or returned to
Sellers or the Company, as the case may be.
Section
6.02. Access. On and
after the Closing Date, Buyer will cause the Company and each of its
Subsidiaries to afford promptly to Sellers and their agents reasonable access to
their properties, books, records, employees and auditors to the extent necessary
to permit Sellers to determine any matter relating to their rights and
obligations hereunder or to any period ending on or before the Closing Date;
provided that any such
access by Sellers shall not unreasonably interfere with the conduct of the
business of Buyer and its Subsidiaries.
ARTICLE
7
COVENANTS OF BUYER AND SELLERS
Buyer and
Sellers agree that:
Section
7.01. Best Efforts; Further
Assurances. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement,
Buyer and Sellers will use their best efforts to take, or cause to be taken
(including by causing any Affiliates to take actions), all actions and to do, or
cause to be done, all things necessary or desirable under Applicable Laws to
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including (i)
preparing and filing as promptly as practicable with any Governmental Authority
or other third party all documentation to effect all necessary filings, notices,
petitions, statements, registrations, submissions of information, applications
and other documents and (ii) obtaining and maintaining all approvals, consents,
registrations, permits, authorizations and other confirmations required to be
obtained from any Governmental Authority or other third party that are
necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement; provided that the parties
hereto understand and agree that the best efforts of Buyer shall not be deemed
to include (x) entering into any settlement, undertaking, consent decree,
stipulation or agreement with any Governmental Authority in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereby or (y) divesting or otherwise holding separate
(including by establishing a trust or otherwise), or taking any other action (or
otherwise agreeing to do any of the foregoing) with respect to any of its or the
Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ businesses, assets or properties. Subject
to the foregoing sentence, Sellers and Buyer agree, and Sellers, prior to the
Closing, and Buyer, after the Closing, agree to cause the Company and each of
its Subsidiaries, to execute and deliver such other documents, certificates,
agreements and other writings and to
47
take such
other actions as may be necessary or desirable in order to consummate or
implement expeditiously the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
(b) In
furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, each of Buyer and Sellers
shall make an appropriate filing of a Notification and Report Form pursuant to
the HSR Act with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby as promptly as
practicable and in any event within ten (10) Business Days of the date hereof
and supply as promptly as practicable any additional information and documentary
material that may be requested pursuant to the HSR Act and take all other
actions necessary to cause the expiration or termination of the applicable
waiting periods under the HSR Act as soon as practicable.
Section
7.02. Certain Filings.
Sellers and Buyer shall cooperate with one another (a) in determining whether
any action by or in respect of, or filing with, any Governmental Authority is
required, or any actions, consents, approvals or waivers are required to be
obtained from parties to any Material Contracts, in connection with the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the
Restructuring Transactions and (b) in taking such actions or making any such
filings, furnishing information required in connection therewith and seeking
timely to obtain any such actions, consents, approvals or waivers.
Section
7.03. Public
Announcements. Buyer shall consult with Sellers with respect to the
content of any proposed press release or public statement with respect to this
Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or the Restructuring
Transactions (including by means of the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which Current Report may include a
copy of this Agreement as an exhibit); provided that the consent of
Sellers shall not be required for the issuance by Buyer of any such press
release or public statement. Except as required by Applicable Law or as
consented to in writing by Buyer, Sellers will not, and will cause the Company
and its Subsidiaries not to, issue any press release or make any public
statement with respect to this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby
or the Restructuring Transactions.
Section
7.04. Certain Accounts.
All of the accounts set forth in Section 7.04 of the Disclosure Schedule shall
be settled (irrespective of the terms of payment of such accounts) on or prior
to the Closing Date in the manner provided in Section 7.04 of the Disclosure
Schedule.
Section
7.05. Tax Matters. (a)
All transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration, value added and
other such Taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) incurred in
connection with transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including any real
property transfer tax and any similar Tax) shall be paid by Sellers when due,
and each Seller will, at his or her own expense,
48
file all
necessary Tax returns and other documentation with respect to all such Taxes and
fees, and, if required by Applicable Law, Buyer will, and will cause its
Affiliates to, join in the execution of any such Tax returns and other
documentation.
(b) Without
the prior written consent of Buyer, none of Sellers, the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries and any Affiliate of a Seller shall to the extent it may affect or
relate to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, do any of the following things
if doing so would have the effect of increasing the Tax liability or reducing
any Tax Asset of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, Buyer or any Affiliate of
Buyer: make or change any Tax election, change any annual Tax accounting period,
adopt or change any method of Tax accounting, file any amended return, enter
into any closing agreement, settle any Tax claim or assessment, surrender any
right to claim a Tax refund, offset or other reduction in Tax liability, or
consent to any extension or waiver of the limitations period applicable to any
Tax claim or assessment.
(c) Buyer
shall prepare or cause to be prepared and file or cause to be filed all Tax
returns for the Company and any of its Subsidiaries for all tax periods that are
filed after the Closing Date. Buyer shall permit Sellers to review and comment
on each such Tax return that includes any Pre-Closing Tax Period prior to filing
and shall make such revisions to such Tax returns as are reasonably requested by
Sellers. All Tax returns that include any Pre-Closing Tax Period shall be
prepared in a manner consistent with all prior Tax returns of the Company and
any of its Subsidiaries to the extent allowable by Applicable Law. No later than
three (3) Business Days prior to the day of filing of any such Tax return, the
Company shall submit to Sellers a statement of the amount, if any, shown as due
on such Tax return that constitutes Excluded Liabilities, and Sellers shall
promptly remit such amount to the Company (without duplication of amounts taken
into account in determining payments under Section 2.04), and the Company shall
timely pay all Taxes reported on such Tax return.
(d) Buyer and
Sellers shall provide to the other such cooperation and information, as and to
the extent reasonably requested, in connection with the filing of any Tax
return, amended Tax return or claim for refund, determining liability for Taxes
or a right to refund of Taxes, or in conducting any audit, litigation or other
proceeding with respect to Taxes.
(e) Tax Audits. (i) Sellers shall
have the sole right to represent the interests of the
Company and any of its Subsidiaries in any Tax audit or suit, claim, litigation,
proceeding (administrative, judicial, or in arbitration, mediation or
alternative dispute resolution), Governmental Authority or grand jury
investigation, or other action (any of the foregoing, an “Action”) relating to
Shareholder Taxes and to employ counsel of its choice at its expense; provided,
49
however, that if the results
of such Tax audit or proceeding could reasonably be expected to have an
adverse effect on the Buyer or its liabilities or obligations under this
Agreement, then there shall be no settlement or closing or other agreement with
respect thereto without the written consent of the Buyer (which shall not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Buyer agrees that it will cooperate
fully, and will cause the Company to cooperate fully, with Sellers and their
counsel in the defense against or compromise of any claim in any such
proceeding. Buyer shall have the right to participate in any such proceeding and
to be represented by counsel of its own selection in connection with such action
and to be kept informed by the Sellers as to the status of the action, all at
Buyer’s expense. Sellers shall keep Buyer informed as to the status of any
Action arising under this Section 7.05.
(ii) If any
Governmental Authority asserts a claim, makes an assessment or otherwise
disputes or affects any Tax relating to a Pre-Closing Tax Period or any period
that begins before and ends after the Closing Date, Buyer shall promptly upon
receipt by Buyer or the Company inform the Sellers thereof. The failure of Buyer
or the Company to timely forward such notification in accordance with the
immediately preceding sentence shall not relieve the Sellers of their
obligations under this Agreement for Taxes except and to the extent that the
failure timely to forward such notification actually increases the amount of
such Taxes.
(iii) Buyer
shall represent the interests of the Company in any Action relating to Ordinary
Course Taxes and all Tax returns filed or required to be filed for the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries for all Post-Closing Tax Periods, including any
period that begins before and end after the Closing Date; provided, however, that if the results
of such Action could reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on
the Sellers or their liabilities or obligations under this Agreement, then there
shall be no settlement or closing or other agreement with respect thereto
without the written consent of the Sellers (which shall not be unreasonably
withheld or delayed). The Sellers and Buyer agree that they will cooperate fully
with each other party and its respective counsel in the defense against or
compromise of any claim in any such proceeding. The Sellers shall have the
right, at Sellers’ expense, to participate in any such proceeding and to be
represented by counsel of its own selection in connection with any such action
in which Buyer represents the interests of the Company. Buyer shall keep Sellers
informed as to the status of any Action arising under this Section
7.05.
(iv) Any
dispute as to any matter covered in this Section 7.05 shall be resolved by the
Accounting Referee. The fees and expenses of such accounting firm shall be borne
equally by the Sellers and Buyer.
50
(v) Buyer
and Sellers further agree, upon request, to use their reasonable best efforts to
obtain any certificate or other document from any Governmental Authority or any
other Person as may be necessary to mitigate, reduce or eliminate any Tax that
could be imposed (including with respect to the transactions contemplated
hereby).
(f) Any and
all existing Tax sharing agreements or Tax distribution agreements shall be
terminated as of the date hereof (other than agreements among only the Company
and its Subsidiaries). After the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries shall have any further rights or liabilities thereunder. This
Agreement shall be the sole Tax sharing agreement or Tax distribution agreement
relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(g) Neither
Buyer, the Company nor any of their Affiliates shall make any election under
Section 338 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state,
local, or foreign income Tax law) with respect to the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement.
(h) Any Tax
refunds that are received by Buyer or the Company and its Subsidiaries, and any
amounts credited against Taxes to which Buyer or the Company and its
Subsidiaries become entitled, that relate to Excluded Liabilities or Shareholder
Taxes shall be for the account of Sellers, and Buyer shall pay over to Sellers
any such refund or the amount of any such credit within 15 days after receipt or
entitlement thereto.
(i) Buyer and
Sellers shall cooperate fully, as and to the extent reasonably requested by the
other party, in connection with the preparation and filing of any Tax return,
statement, report or form (including any report required pursuant to Section
6043A of the Code and all Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder), any
audit, litigation or other proceeding with respect to Taxes. Such cooperation
shall include the retention and (upon the other party’s request) the provision
of records and information which are reasonably relevant to any such audit,
litigation or other proceeding and making employees available on a mutually
convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any
material provided hereunder.
(j) Buyer and
Sellers further agree, upon request, to use all reasonable efforts to obtain any
certificate or other document from any Governmental Authority or customer of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other person as may be necessary to
mitigate, reduce or eliminate any Tax that could be imposed (including with
respect to the transactions contemplated hereby).
(k) Any
amount paid by Sellers or Buyer under Article 9 will be treated as an adjustment
to the purchase price to the extent permitted by Applicable Law.
51
ARTICLE
8
CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
Section
8.01. Conditions to
Obligations of Buyer and Sellers. The obligations of Buyer and Sellers to
consummate the Closing are subject to the satisfaction of the following
conditions:
(a) Any
applicable waiting period under the HSR Act relating to the transactions
contemplated hereby shall have expired or been terminated.
(b) No
provision of any Applicable Law shall prohibit the consummation of the
Closing.
Section
8.02. Conditions to Obligation
of Buyer. The obligation of Buyer to consummate the Closing is subject to
the satisfaction of the following further conditions:
(a) (i) Each
Seller shall have performed in all material respects all of his or her
obligations hereunder required to be performed by him or her on or prior to the
Closing Date, (ii) the representations and warranties of Sellers contained in
this Agreement and of the Seller Entities contained in the Ancillary Agreements
to which the Seller Entities are or are to be party and in any certificate or
other writing delivered by a Seller Entity pursuant hereto or thereto (A) that
are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect shall be true at and as
of the Closing Date as if made at and as of such date, and (B) that are not
qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect shall be true in all
material respects at and as of the Closing Date as if made at and as of such
date, and (iii) Buyer shall have received a certificate signed by each Seller to
the foregoing effect.
(b) There
shall not be threatened, instituted or pending any action or proceeding by any
Person before any Governmental Authority (i) seeking
to restrain, prohibit or otherwise interfere with the ownership or operation by
Buyer or any of its Affiliates of all or any material portion of the business or
assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or of Buyer or any of their
respective Affiliates or to compel Buyer or any of its Affiliates to dispose of
all or any material portion of the business or assets of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries or of Buyer or any of their respective Affiliates, (ii) seeking
to impose or confirm limitations on the ability of Buyer or any of its
Affiliates effectively to exercise full rights of ownership of the Shares or
(iii) seeking to require divestiture by Buyer or any of its Affiliates of any
Shares.
52
(c) There
shall not be any action taken, or any Applicable Law proposed, enacted,
enforced, promulgated, issued or deemed applicable to the purchase of the
Shares, by any Governmental Authority, other than the application of the waiting
period provisions of the HSR Act to the purchase of the Shares, that, in the
reasonable judgment of Buyer could, directly or indirectly, result in any of the
consequences referred to in Sections 8.02(b)(i) through
8.02(b)(iii).
(d) Buyer
shall have received payoff letters and other documentation, all of which shall
be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Buyer, evidencing the
repayment of the Credit Agreement and the release of all Liens related
thereto.
(e) Buyer
shall have obtained funds pursuant to the Commitment Letter or, if such funds
are not available to Buyer, other funds on terms and conditions satisfactory to
it in its sole and absolute discretion, sufficient to enable it to pay the cash
portion of the Purchase Price and related fees and expenses.
(f) Each
Restructuring Document shall have been executed and delivered by each party
thereto in the form previously delivered to Buyer, and the Restructuring
Transactions shall have been consummated in accordance with the terms of the
Restructuring Documents.
(g) Xxxxxxxxx.xxx
shall have executed and delivered to Buyer the Termination and Release Agreement
in the form attached as Exhibit B (the “Termination and
Release”).
(h) MBS
Textbook Exchange, Inc. shall have executed and delivered to the Company an
amended and restated letter agreement in the form previously delivered to Buyer,
which letter agreement shall not have been amended, modified or revised and
shall be in full force and effect as of the Closing (the “MBS Agreement”).
(i) Xxxxxxxxx.xxx
shall have executed and delivered to the Company an Assignment, Assumption and
Reimbursement Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit C (the “Assignment
Agreement”).
(j) Buyer
shall have received all documents it may reasonably request relating to the
existence of the Company and its Subsidiaries, all in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to Buyer.
53
Section
8.03. Conditions to Obligation
of Sellers. The obligation of Sellers to consummate the Closing is
subject to the satisfaction of the following further conditions:
(a) (i) Buyer
shall have performed in all material respects all of its obligations hereunder
required to be performed by it on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) the
representations and warranties of Buyer contained in this Agreement, the Seller
Notes, and in the other Ancillary Agreements to which Buyer is or is to be party
and in any certificate or other writing delivered by Buyer pursuant hereto or
thereto (A) that are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect shall
be true at and as of the Closing Date as if made at and as of such date, and (B)
that are not qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect shall be true
in all material respects at and as of the Closing Date as if made at and as of
such date, and (iii) Sellers shall have received a certificate signed by an
executive officer of Buyer to the foregoing effect.
(b) Sellers
shall have received all documents they may reasonably request relating to the
existence of Buyer and the authority of Buyer for this Agreement, all in form
and substance reasonably satisfactory to Sellers.
ARTICLE
9
SURVIVAL; INDEMNIFICATION
Section
9.01. Survival. The
representations and warranties of the parties hereto contained in this Agreement
and the Ancillary Agreements and in any certificate or other writing delivered
pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection herewith or therewith shall survive
the Closing until the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Closing Date; provided that (i) to the
extent that it relates to periods after the Balance Sheet Date, the
representation and warranty in Section 3.12(c) shall not survive the Closing,
(ii) the representations and warranties in (x) Sections 3.01, 3.02, 3.03,
3.04(i) and (ii), 3.05 and 3.06 (the “Specified Representations”)
and (y) Sections 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 4.04(i) and (ii) shall survive
indefinitely or until the latest date permitted by law and (iii) the
representations and warranties in Section 3.18 (but only insofar as they relate
to the Company Marks) and Sections 3.24, 3.27(i) and 4.08 shall survive until
the expiration of any applicable statute of limitations. The covenants and
agreements of the parties hereto contained in this Agreement or in any
certificate or other writing delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith
shall survive the Closing indefinitely or for the shorter period explicitly
specified therein, except that for such covenants and agreements that survive
for such shorter period, breaches thereof shall survive indefinitely or until
the latest date permitted by law.
54
Notwithstanding
the preceding sentences, any breach of representation, warranty, covenant or
agreement in respect of which indemnity may be sought under this Agreement shall
survive the time at which it would otherwise terminate pursuant to the preceding
sentences, if notice of the inaccuracy or breach thereof giving rise to such
right of indemnity shall have been given to the party against whom such
indemnity may be sought prior to such time.
Section
9.02. Indemnification.
(a) Effective at and after the Closing, Sellers hereby jointly and severally
indemnify Buyer, its Affiliates and their respective successors and assignees
and, effective at the Closing, without duplication, the Company, each of its
Subsidiaries and their respective successors and assignees against and agree to
hold each of them harmless from any and all damage, loss, liability and expense
(including reasonable expenses of investigation and reasonable attorneys’ fees
and expenses in connection with any action, suit or proceeding (including any
Tax audit) whether involving a third party claim (a “Third Party Claim”) or a claim
solely among the parties hereto) (“Damages”), incurred or
suffered by Buyer, any Affiliate of Buyer, the Company, any of its Subsidiaries
or any of their respective successors and assignees, whether in connection with
a Third Party Claim or otherwise, arising out of (without
duplication):
(i) any
misrepresentation or breach of warranty (determined, except in the case of
Section 3.09, without regard to any qualification or exception contained therein
relating to materiality or Material Adverse Effect or any similar qualification
or standard) by a Seller in this Agreement or by a Seller Entity in any
Ancillary Agreement to which such Seller Entity is or is to be a party or in any
certificate or other writing delivered by a Seller Entity pursuant hereto or
thereto or in connection herewith or therewith (each such misrepresentation and
breach of warranty, a “Warranty
Breach”);
(ii) any
breach of covenant or agreement made or to be performed by a Seller pursuant to
this Agreement or by a Seller Entity pursuant to any Ancillary Agreement to
which such Seller Entity is or is to be a party (each such breach, a “Covenant
Breach”);
(iii) any
Transaction Expenses that are not included in the Transaction Expenses Amount
set forth in the Closing Statement; or
(iv) any
Excluded Liabilities;
provided that (A) with
respect to indemnification by Sellers for Warranty Breaches pursuant to
clause (i) above (other than breaches of any Specified Representation or Section
3.24 (any such breach, an “Excluded Warranty
55
Breach”)), (x) Sellers shall
not be liable unless the aggregate amount of Damages with respect to such
Warranty Breaches exceeds $5 million (the “Threshold Amount”) (in which case
Sellers shall be liable for all such Damages without regard to the Threshold
Amount) and (y) Sellers’ maximum liability for all such Warranty Breaches shall
not exceed $310 million (the “Cap”) and (B) with respect to
indemnification by Sellers for Ordinary Course Taxes and any Indemnified Escheat
Payment, Sellers shall not be liable unless the aggregate amount of Damages with
respect to such amounts exceeds $300,000 (in which case Sellers shall be liable
for all such Damages without regard to such threshold amount). For the avoidance
of doubt, the limitations on indemnification set forth in the foregoing proviso
shall not apply to any indemnification by Sellers for (1) Excluded Warranty
Breaches, (2) Covenant Breaches or (3) Excluded Liabilities (except, in the case
of Ordinary Course Taxes and any Indemnified Escheat Payment subject to the
threshold described in clause (B), to the extent of such threshold), and the
amount of any Damages with respect to Excluded Warranty Breaches, Covenant
Breaches and Excluded Liabilities shall not be included in the calculation of
either the Threshold Amount or the Cap.
(b)
Effective at and after the Closing, Buyer hereby indemnifies each Seller, his or
her heirs and legal representatives, his or her Affiliates and their respective
successors and assignees against and agrees to hold each of them harmless from
any and all Damages incurred or suffered by such Seller, his or her heirs and
legal representatives, any of his or her Affiliates or any of their respective
successors and assignees, whether in connection with a Third Party Claim or
otherwise, arising out of any (i) misrepresentation or breach of warranty of
Buyer contained in this Agreement, the Seller Notes or any other Ancillary
Agreement to which Buyer is or is to be a party or in any certificate or other
writing delivered by Buyer pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection herewith
or therewith (each such misrepresentation and breach of warranty, a “Buyer Warranty Breach”), or (ii)
breach of covenant or agreement made or to be performed by Buyer
pursuant to this Agreement, the Seller Notes, or any other Ancillary Agreement
to which Buyer is or is to be a party (each such breach, a “Buyer Covenant Breach”); provided that with respect to
indemnification by Buyer for Buyer Warranty Breaches pursuant to this Section
9.02 (other than breaches of the representations and warranties in Sections
4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 4.04(i) and (ii) and 4.08), (x) Buyer shall not be liable
unless the aggregate amount of Damages with respect to such Warranty Breaches
exceeds the Threshold Amount (in which case Buyer shall be liable for all such
Damages without regard to the Threshold Amount) and (y) Buyer’s maximum
liability for all such Buyer Warranty Breaches shall not exceed the Cap. For the
avoidance of doubt, the limitations on indemnification set forth in the
foregoing proviso shall not apply to any indemnification by Buyer for Buyer
Covenant Breaches, and the amount of any Damages with respect to Buyer Covenant
Breaches shall not be included in the calculation of either the Threshold Amount
or the Cap.
56
Section
9.03. Third Party Claim
Procedures. (a) The party seeking indemnification under Section 9.02 (the
“Indemnified Party”)
agrees to give prompt notice to the party against whom indemnity is to be sought
(the “Indemnifying
Party”) of the assertion of any claim or the commencement of any Third
Party Claim in respect of which indemnity may be sought under such Section. The
failure to so notify the Indemnifying Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying
Party of its obligations hereunder, except to the extent such failure shall have
materially and adversely prejudiced the Indemnifying Party.
(b) The
Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any Third
Party Claim and, subject to the limitations set forth in this Section 9.03,
shall be entitled to control and appoint lead counsel for such defense, in each
case at its own expense; provided that prior to
assuming control of such defense, the Indemnifying Party must acknowledge that
it would have an indemnity obligation for the Damages resulting from such Third
Party Claim as provided under this Article 9.
(c) The
Indemnifying Party shall not be entitled to assume or maintain control of the
defense of any Third Party Claim and shall pay the fees and expenses of counsel
retained by the Indemnified Party if (i) the Indemnifying Party does not deliver
the acknowledgment referred to in Section 9.03(b) within 30 days of
receipt of notice of the Third Party Claim pursuant to Section 9.03(a), (ii) the
Third Party Claim relates to or arises in connection with any criminal
proceeding, action, indictment, allegation or investigation, (iii) the
Indemnified Party reasonably believes an adverse determination with respect to
the Third Party Claim would be detrimental to the reputation or future business
prospects of the Indemnified Party or any of its Affiliates, (iv) the Third
Party Claim seeks an injunction or equitable relief against the Indemnified
Party or any of its Affiliates or (v) the Indemnifying Party has failed or is
failing to prosecute or defend vigorously the Third Party Claim.
(d) If the
Indemnifying Party shall assume the control of the defense of any Third Party
Claim in accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.03, the Indemnifying
Party shall not, without obtaining the prior written consent of the Indemnified
Party, enter into any settlement of such Third Party Claim, unless such
settlement (i) is limited solely to the payment of cash and (ii) provides for
the full, complete and unconditional release of the Indemnified Party and its
Affiliates.
(e) In
circumstances where the Indemnifying Party is controlling the defense of a Third
Party Claim in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) above, the Indemnified
Party shall be entitled to participate in the defense of such Third Party Claim
and to employ separate counsel of its choice for such purpose, in which case the
fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be borne by the
57
Indemnified
Party, provided that in
such event the Indemnifying Party shall pay the fees and expenses of such
separate counsel (i) incurred by the Indemnified Party prior to the date the
Indemnifying Party assumes control of the defense of the Third Party Claim or
(ii) if representation of both the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party
by the same counsel would create a conflict of interest.
(f) Each
party shall cooperate, and cause its Affiliates to cooperate, in the defense or
prosecution of any Third Party Claim and shall furnish or cause to be furnished
such records, information and testimony, and attend such conferences, discovery
proceedings, hearings, trials or appeals, as may be reasonably requested in
connection therewith.
(g) If the
Indemnifying Party elects not to assume such defense, the Indemnified Party may
pay, compromise or contest the Third Party Claim at issue. The Indemnifying
Party shall be liable for the fees and expenses of counsel employed by the
Indemnified Party for any period during which the Indemnifying Party has not
assumed the defense thereof; provided that such Third
Party Claim is subject to indemnification under Section 9.02. Whether or not the
Indemnifying Party chooses to defend or prosecute any Third Party Claim, all of
the parties hereto shall cooperate in the defense or prosecution
thereof.
(h) The
provisions of this Section 9.03 shall not be applicable to any Action under
Section 7.05(e), which Action shall be subject to the procedures set forth in
Section 7.05(e).
Section
9.04. Direct Claim
Procedures. In the event the Indemnified Party should have a claim for
indemnity under Section 9.02 against the Indemnifying Party that does not
involve a Third Party Claim, the Indemnified Party shall give prompt notice of
such claim to the Indemnifying Party. The failure to so notify the Indemnifying
Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations hereunder,
except to the extent such failure shall have materially and adversely prejudiced
the Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnifying Party does not notify the
Indemnified Party within 30 days following the receipt of a notice with respect
to any such claim that the Indemnifying Party disputes its indemnity obligation
to the Indemnified Party for any Damages with respect to such claim, such
Damages shall be conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying Party and
the Indemnifying Party shall promptly pay to the Indemnified Party the amount
thereof. If the Indemnifying Party has timely disputed its indemnity obligation
for any Damages with respect to such claim, the parties shall proceed in good
faith to negotiate a resolution of such dispute and, if not resolved through
negotiations, such dispute shall be resolved by litigation in an appropriate
court of jurisdiction determined pursuant to Section 11.08.
58
Section
9.05. Calculation of
Damages. The amount of any Damages payable under Section 9.02 by the
Indemnifying Party shall (i) be net of any amounts actually recovered by the
Indemnified Party under applicable insurance policies or from any other Person
alleged to be responsible for such Damages, (ii) be reduced by any tax benefit
actually realized or other reduction of the tax liability of the Indemnified
Party as a result of the facts and circumstances giving rise to any Damages
hereunder and (iii) not include any indirect, special, consequential or punitive
Damages or Damages for lost profits, except in the case of Third Party Claims.
If the Indemnified Party receives any amounts under applicable insurance
policies or from any other Person alleged to be responsible for any Damages or
obtains any tax benefit referred to in Section 9.05(ii), in each case,
subsequent to an indemnification payment by the Indemnifying Party, then such
Indemnified Party shall promptly reimburse the Indemnifying Party for any
payment made or expense incurred by such Indemnifying Party in connection with
providing such indemnification payment up to the amount received by the
Indemnified Party, net of any expenses incurred by such Indemnified Party in
collecting such amount.
Section
9.06. Recourse Against Seller
Notes. (a) Subject to the limitations on Sellers’ obligations set forth
in this Article 9 and the procedures set forth in Section 9.06(b) and Section
9.06(c) below, any claim by Buyer or any of its Affiliates against Sellers for
Damages payable under this Article 9 may, at Buyer’s option, be satisfied by
setting off any amounts owed by Buyer under the Seller Notes (in which case the
principal amount of the Seller Notes shall be reduced by the amount of such
Damages, and from and after the date of the applicable Set-Off Notice no
interest would be payable on such amount).
(b) Prior
to any set-off pursuant to this Section 9.06, Buyer shall send a notice (a
“Set-Off Notice”) to the
Seller Representative setting forth the amount of Damages to be set off and
applied against the Seller Notes (the “Set-Off Amount”), together with
calculations supporting the computation of the Set-Off Amount. Seller
Representative may, within 30 days after receipt of any Set-Off Notice, deliver
to Buyer a written notice of objection to such set-off. Buyer shall be permitted
to set off and apply the Set-Off Amount set forth in such Set-Off Notice against
the Seller Notes upon the earliest to occur of (i) the mutual agreement of Buyer
and Seller Representative with respect to the Set-Off Amount, (ii) the
failure of Seller Representative to deliver to Buyer a notice of objection
within 30 days after Seller Representative’s receipt of the Set-Off Notice and
(iii) the entry
of a final, nonappealable order by a court of competent jurisdiction that
Sellers are liable for the payment of such Damages set forth in the Set-Off
Notice pursuant to this Agreement (in which case the Set-Off Amount shall be the
amount awarded to Buyer or its Affiliates by such court).
59
(c) If Buyer
delivers a notice of objection with respect to any Set-Off Notice pursuant to
Section 9.06(b), then during the period beginning on the date of the Set-Off
Notice and ending on the date that Buyer becomes entitled to set off the
applicable Set-Off Amount pursuant to Section 9.06(b)(i) or (iii) above, Buyer
shall not be required to pay interest on such Set-Off Amount under the Seller
Notes, and if any principal amount comes due under the Seller Notes during such
period, Buyer may withhold an amount of principal equal to such Set-Off Amount
and with respect to such withheld principal amount the Maturity Date (as defined
in the Seller Notes) shall be extended until the Final Determination Date.
Interest and principal withheld by Buyer pursuant to this Section 9.06(c) shall
not be payable under the Seller Notes until the earlier to occur of (i) the
mutual agreement of Buyer and Seller Representative regarding the treatment of
such interest and principal and (ii) the entry of a final, nonappealable order
by a court of competent jurisdiction that Sellers are not liable for the payment
of Damages pursuant to this Agreement (or that Sellers are liable for the
payment of Damages pursuant to this Agreement in an amount that is less than the
amount of the interest and principal so withheld, in which case Buyer shall
promptly remit to Sellers any such amounts that are not set off and applied
against the Seller Notes pursuant to Section 9.06(b)(iii) above) (the “Final Determination
Date”).
(d) Any
Set-Off Amount set off by Buyer pursuant to this Section 9.06 shall be applied
in the following priority:
(i) first,
against the Seller Note in the original principal amount of $150,000,000 and
with a tenor of five years after the Closing Date, until the outstanding
principal amount under such Seller Note (after giving effect to all payments on
such Seller Note and set-offs pursuant to this Section 9.06) has been reduced to
zero; and
(ii) thereafter,
against the Seller Note in the original principal amount of $100,000,000 and
with a maturity date of December 15, 2010.
Section
9.07. Remedies
Exclusive. From and after the Closing, absent fraud or intentional
misconduct, Article 9 shall provide the sole and exclusive remedy (x) in the
case of Buyer, for any Warranty Breaches or Covenant Breaches, and (y) in the
case of Sellers, for any Buyer Warranty Breaches or Buyer Covenant
Breaches.
ARTICLE
10
TERMINATION
Section
10.01. Grounds for
Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the
Closing:
60
(a) by mutual
written agreement of Sellers and Buyer;
(b) by
Sellers, on the one hand, or Buyer, on the other hand, if the Closing shall not
have been consummated on or before November 15, 2009; provided that such date shall
be automatically extended (but in no event beyond December 15, 2009) if and to
the extent that the expiration date of the commitments under the Commitment
Letter is extended to a later date; and provided, further that the party
electing to terminate
this Agreement is not in material breach of this Agreement at the time of such
termination; or
(c) by
Sellers, on the one hand, or Buyer, on the other hand, if consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby or the Restructuring Transactions would violate
any nonappealable final order, decree or judgment of any Governmental Authority
having competent jurisdiction.
The party
desiring to terminate this Agreement pursuant to clauses 10.01(b) or 10.01(c)
shall give notice of such termination to the other party.
Section
10.02. Effect of
Termination. If this Agreement is terminated as permitted by Section
10.01, such termination shall be without liability of either party (or any
stockholder, director, officer, employee, agent, consultant or representative of
such party) to the other party to this Agreement; provided that if such
termination shall result from the (i) willful failure of either party to fulfill
a condition to the performance of the obligations of the other party, (ii)
failure to perform a covenant of this Agreement or (iii) breach by either party
hereto of any representation or warranty or agreement contained herein, such
party shall be fully liable for any and all Damages incurred or suffered by the
other party as a result of such failure or breach. The provisions of Sections
6.01, 11.07, 11.08 and 11.09 shall survive any termination hereof pursuant to
Section 10.01.
ARTICLE
11
MISCELLANEOUS
Section
11.01. Notices. All
notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in
writing (including facsimile transmission) and shall be given,
61
if to
Buyer, to:
Xxxxxx
& Xxxxx, Inc.
000 Xxxxx
Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx,
XX 00000
Attention: General
Counsel
Facsimile
No.: (000) 000-0000
with
copies (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Xxxxx X.
Xxxxxx
c/o
Barnes & Xxxxx, Inc.
000 Xxxxx
Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx,
XX 00000
Attention: General
Counsel
Facsimile
No.: (000) 000-0000
Xxxxx
Xxxx & Xxxxxxxx LLP
000
Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx,
Xxx Xxxx 00000
Attention: Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx, Esq.
Facsimile
No.: (000) 000-0000
if to
Sellers, to:
Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx
c/x
Xxxxxx & Xxxxx, Inc.
000 Xxxxx
Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx,
XX 00000
Attention: Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx
Facsimile
No.: (000) 000-0000
with a
copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Xxxxx
Xxxx LLP
0000
Xxxxxx xx xxx Xxxxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx,
Xxx Xxxx 00000
Attention:
Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxx, Esq.
Facsimile
No.: (000) 000-0000
or such
other address or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the
purpose by notice to the other parties hereto. All such notices, requests and
other communications shall be deemed received on the date of receipt by the
recipient thereof if received prior to 5:00 p.m. in the place of receipt and
such day is a Business Day in the place of receipt. Otherwise, any such notice,
request or
62
communication
shall be deemed not to have been received until the next succeeding Business Day
in the place of receipt.
Section
11.02. Amendments and
Waivers. (a) Any provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived if,
but only if, such amendment or waiver is in writing and is signed, in the case
of an amendment, by Buyer and the Seller Representative, or in the case of a
waiver, by Buyer (if such waiver is to be effective against Buyer) or by the
Seller Representative (if such waiver is to be effective against Sellers); provided, that any such
amendment or waiver by Buyer shall require the approval of the Transaction
Committee.
(b) No
failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege
hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial
exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise
of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided
shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by
law.
Section
11.03. Disclosure Schedule
References. The parties hereto agree that any reference in a particular
Section of the Disclosure Schedule shall only be deemed to be an exception to
(or, as applicable, a disclosure for purposes of) (a) the
representations and warranties (or covenants, as applicable) of Sellers that are
contained in the corresponding Section of this Agreement and (b) any other
representations and warranties of Sellers that are contained in this Agreement,
but only if the relevance of that reference as an exception to (or a disclosure
for purposes of) such representations and warranties would be readily apparent
to a reasonable person who has read that reference and such representations and
warranties, without any independent knowledge on the part of the reader
regarding the matter(s) so disclosed.
Section
11.04. Seller
Representative. Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, by her execution and delivery of this
Agreement, hereby irrevocably appoints Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx as her agent and
attorney-in-fact for all purposes under this Agreement (the “Seller Representative”), and consents
to the taking by the Seller Representative of any and all actions and the
making of any decisions required or permitted to be taken by Sellers or the
Seller Representative hereunder or under any Ancillary Agreement. By the Seller
Representative’s execution below, Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx hereby accepts his appointment
as Seller Representative hereunder. Buyer shall be entitled to deal exclusively
with the Seller Representative on all matters relating to this Agreement and any
Ancillary Agreement to which a Seller is a party, and shall be entitled to rely
conclusively (without further evidence of any kind whatsoever) on any document
executed or purported to be executed on behalf of a Seller by the Seller
Representative, and on any other action taken or purported to be taken on behalf
of a Seller by the Seller Representative, as fully binding upon such
Seller.
63
Section
11.05. Expenses. Except
as otherwise provided herein, (x) all costs and expenses incurred by Buyer in
connection with this Agreement shall be borne by Buyer and (y) all costs and
expenses incurred by Sellers, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in
connection with this Agreement (including in connection with the Restructuring
Transactions) shall be borne by Sellers.
Section
11.06. Successors and
Assigns. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure
to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and
assigns; provided that
no party may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or
obligations under this Agreement without the consent of each other party hereto,
except that Buyer may transfer or assign its rights and obligations under this
Agreement, in whole or from time to time in part, to (i) one or more of its
Affiliates at any time and (ii) after the Closing Date, to any Person; provided that no such
transfer or assignment shall relieve Buyer of its obligations hereunder or
enlarge, alter or change any obligation (x) of any other party hereto or (y) due
to Buyer.
Section
11.07. Governing Law.
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of
the State of New York, without regard to the conflicts of law rules of such
state.
Section
11.08. Jurisdiction.
The parties hereto agree that any suit, action or proceeding seeking to enforce
any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with,
this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be brought in the
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York or any New
York State court sitting in New York City, so long as one of such courts shall
have subject matter jurisdiction over such suit, action or proceeding, and that
any cause of action arising out of this Agreement shall be deemed to have arisen
from a transaction of business in the State of New York, and each of the parties
hereby irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the
appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such suit, action or proceeding
and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection
that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit,
action or proceeding in any such court or that any such suit, action or
proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party
anywhere in the world, whether within or without the jurisdiction of any such
court. Without limiting the foregoing, each party agrees that service of process
on such party as provided in Section 11.01 shall be deemed effective service of
process on such party.
Section
11.09. WAIVER OF JURY
TRIAL. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL
RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR
64
RELATED
TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
Section
11.10. Counterparts;
Effectiveness; Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement may be signed in
any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same
effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.
This Agreement shall become effective when each party hereto shall have received
a counterpart hereof signed by all of the other parties hereto. Until and unless
each party has received a counterpart hereof signed by the other party hereto,
this Agreement shall have no effect and no party shall have any right or
obligation hereunder (whether by virtue of any other oral or written agreement
or other communication). No provision of this Agreement is intended to confer
any rights, benefits, remedies, obligations, or liabilities hereunder upon any
Person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and
assigns.
Section
11.11. Entire
Agreement. This Agreement and the Restructuring Documents constitute the
entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this
Agreement and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both oral and
written, among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this
Agreement.
Section
11.12. Severability. If
any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a
court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Authority to be invalid,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and
restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall
in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated so long as the economic or legal
substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any party. Upon such a determination, the parties shall
negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original
intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order
that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally
contemplated to the fullest extent possible.
Section
11.13. Specific
Performance. The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur
if any provision of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the
terms hereof and that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or
injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement or to enforce specifically the
performance of the terms and provisions hereof in any federal court located in
the state of New York or, to the extent that no such federal court has
jurisdiction over such proceeding, in any New York state court, in addition to
any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.
[Remainder
of this page intentionally left blank]
65
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly
executed as of the day and year first above written.
XXXXXX
& XXXXX, INC.
|
|||
By:
|
/s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx | ||
Name: Xxxxxx
X. Xxxxxxxx
|
|||
Title: Chief
Financial Officer
|
|||
/s/
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx
|
|||
Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx
|
|||
/s/
Xxxxxx Xxxxxx
|
|||
Xxxxxx
Xxxxxx
|
EXHIBIT
A-1
FORM
OF SENIOR SUBORDINATED SELLER NOTE
$100,000,000
|
________________,
_____
|
1. FOR
VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, XXXXXX &
NOBLE,
INC., a Delaware
corporation (the
“Company”), hereby
promises to pay to the order of Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx (each a “Payee”) the principal amount
of One Hundred Million Dollars ($100,000,000) or, if less, the aggregate unpaid
principal amount of this Note, on the Maturity Date (or, if such day is not a
Business Day, on the immediately preceding Business Day), subject to the
provisions herein. The Issuer further promises to pay interest on the unpaid
principal amount of this Note from time to time at a rate per annum equal to
8.0%. Interest on this Note shall be due and payable in arrears in
cash on each December 29 and June 30 of each calendar year, provided that if any
such day is not a Business Day, payment shall be made on the immediately
preceding Business Day. Payments of principal hereof and interest hereon shall
be made in Dollars in immediately available funds to such account of the
Noteholder located in New York, New York, as the Noteholder may designate in
writing to the Issuer.
2. Prepayments.
(a) Optional
Prepayment. Subject
to the provisions herein (including, without limitation, the restrictions on
payment contained in Section 3 and the subordination provisions contained in
Section 4), the Issuer may, at any time prior to the Maturity Date and so long
as such prepayment is not prohibited under the Senior Debt Documents, prepay the
principal amount of this Note, in whole or in part, without penalty or premium,
on any Business Day. Prepayments of this Note must be accompanied by
payment of accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount prepaid to and
including the date of payment.
(b) Change of Control
Payment. Subject to
the provisions herein (including, without limitation, the restrictions on
payment contained in Section 3 and the subordination provisions contained in
Section 4):
(i)
|
upon
a Change of Control, the Noteholder shall have the right to require the
Issuer to repurchase this Note at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100%
of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest if any,
to the date of repurchase, in accordance with the terms contemplated in
clause (ii) below;
|
|
(ii)
|
within
10 Business Days following any Change of Control, the Issuer shall notify
the Noteholder that a Change of Control has occurred. Such notice shall
provide that the Noteholder has the right to require the Issuer to
repurchase this Note at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100% of the
principal amount thereof plus
|
|
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of repurchase and set forth the proposed date of repurchase (which shall be a Business Day and shall in no event be earlier than 10 Business Days from the date of such notice (such date, the “Repurchase Date”)); | |
(iii)
|
the
Noteholder shall notify the Issuer of its election to tender the Note for
purchase by the Issuer on the terms set forth in the notice by no later
than 10 Business Days after receipt of such notice, which election shall
be irrevocable and shall be in respect of not less than the entire Note.
If the Noteholder shall not have informed the Issuer of its election at
the expiration of such 10 Business Day period, the Noteholder shall be
deemed conclusively not to have elected to tender the Note for purchase by
the Issuer; and
|
|
(iv)
|
on
the Repurchase Date, the Noteholder shall tender the Note to the Issuer
against the deposit by the Issuer in the Noteholder’s account (which
account shall be the same account as set forth in Section 1 above) of
funds sufficient to pay the purchase price of the Note so
tendered. Upon repurchase of the Note by the Issuer pursuant to
this Section 2(b), the Note shall be cancelled and all obligations of the
Issuer thereunder shall be
terminated.
|
3. Other Payment
Provisions. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, no payment or prepayment of principal of or
interest on this Note (including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section
8 hereof) may be made, directly or indirectly to the Noteholder (and shall
instead be paid over to the Senior Debt Agent under Section 4(b) to the extent
permitted by applicable law), if:
(i)
|
the Issuer or its properties is subject to any Insolvency Proceeding; | |
(ii)
|
a
payment default shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to any
Senior Obligations; or
|
|
(iii)
|
a
Payment Blockage Period shall have occurred and be
continuing.
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4.
Subordination
Provisions.
(a) Subordination. Payment
of this Note (including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section 8
hereof) is and shall be expressly subordinate and junior in right of payment to
the prior payment in full in cash of the Senior Obligations to the extent and in
the manner set forth herein, and this Note is hereby so subordinated as a claim
against the Issuer or any of the assets of the Issuer, whether such claim be
made (i) in the event of any Insolvency Proceeding, or (ii) other than in
connection with an Insolvency Proceeding, prior to the Senior Obligations being
Paid in Full.
2
(b) Payment
Over. If the Noteholder shall receive any
payment (including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section 8
hereto) in violation of the terms hereof, it shall hold such payment
in trust for the benefit of the Senior Creditors and forthwith pay it over to
the Senior Debt Agent, for application in accordance with the Senior Debt
Documents. In the event that any payment hereunder shall be due and,
at such time, the Issuer shall be prohibited by the terms of this Note from
making such payment to the Noteholder, the Issuer shall instead, to the extent
permitted by applicable law, make such payment to the Senior Debt Agent to the
extent the Senior Debt Obligations have not been Paid In Full.
(c) Insolvency Proceedings; Acceleration
of Senior Obligations.
(i) In the event of any Insolvency Proceeding relative to the Issuer
or any Guarantor or its properties or any acceleration of any Senior
Obligations, then all of the Senior Obligations shall first be Paid in Full
before the Noteholder may receive and retain any payment upon this Note, and in
any such proceedings any payment or distribution of any kind or character,
whether in cash or property or securities, which may be payable or deliverable
in respect of this Note shall be paid or delivered directly to the Senior Debt
Agent to the extent of any unpaid Senior Obligations, unless and until all such
Senior Obligations are Paid in Full, and the Noteholder hereby irrevocably
authorizes the Senior Debt Agent, as attorney-in-fact for such Noteholder, to
prove any claim in such proceedings on this Note, and to demand, xxx for,
collect and receive any such payment or distribution, and to apply such payment
or distribution to the payment of the then unpaid Senior Obligations, and to
take such other action (including acceptance or rejection of any plan of
reorganization in any Insolvency Proceeding) in the name of such Noteholder or
of the relevant Senior Creditors as the Senior Debt Agent may deem necessary or
advisable for the enforcement of the provisions hereof. The
Noteholder shall execute and deliver such other and further powers of attorney,
assignments, proofs of claim or other instruments as may be requested by the
Senior Debt Agent in order to accomplish the foregoing, but only with respect to
such Noteholder’s capacity as a Noteholder hereunder and not in respect of any
other relationship between such Noteholder and the Issuer.
(ii) In
the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, upon any such Insolvency
Proceeding, any payment or distribution of the assets of the Issuer of any kind
or character, whether in cash, property or securities, shall be received by the
Noteholder in respect of this Note before all Senior Obligations are Paid in
Full, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust for the Senior
Creditors and shall forthwith be paid over to the Senior Debt Agent to the
extent any Senior Obligations have not been Paid in Full after giving effect to
any concurrent payment or distribution to the Senior Debt Agent.
(iii) In
the event of any Insolvency Proceeding against the Issuer or any Guarantor or
any of their assets, the Noteholder hereby agrees not to contest and hereby
waives any right to object to and expressly consents to (A) any post-petition
financing of or use of cash collateral by Issuer or any Guarantor, to the extent
approved or provided by the Senior Debt Agent, and the granting by Issuer or any
Guarantor to Senior Debt Agent of senior liens and priorities in connection
therewith and (B) any sale or other disposition of any property securing all of
any part of the Senior Obligations free and clear of security interests, liens
or other claims of Noteholder under Section 363 of the
3
Bankruptcy
Code or any other provision of the Bankruptcy Code if the Senior Debt Agent has
approved or consented to such sale or disposition.
(d) Standstill; Certain Other
Agreements. (i) The
Noteholder agrees that, until the earlier to occur of the Maturity Date or the
date the Senior Obligations are Paid in Full (A) if a payment default shall have
occurred and be continuing with respect to any Senior Obligations or a Payment
Blockage Period shall have occurred and be continuing or if an Insolvency
Proceeding shall have commenced, it will not take, demand or receive, or take
any action to accelerate or collect, any payment of all or any part of this Note
and (B) it will not file, join in or facilitate any petition or proceeding
seeking the involuntary bankruptcy of the Issuer or any Guarantor.
(ii)
The Noteholder further agrees (A) that it
shall not request, seek, obtain or maintain any lien on or security interest in
any property, tangible or intangible, of the Issuer or any Guarantor as security
for payment of the obligation under this Note and that it shall not attach or
levy or take any action against any property, tangible or intangible, of the
Issuer or any Guarantor under any circumstances and (B) that it shall not take,
nor consent to or acquiesce in the taking of, any action to set aside, challenge
or otherwise dispute the existence, validity or priority of the Senior
Obligations or the creation, attachment, validity, perfection, priority or
continuation of any lien or security interest of the Senior Debt Agent or the
Senior Creditors in any property, tangible or intangible, of the Issuer, any
Guarantor or any of their Subsidiaries.
(iii)
The Senior Creditors, or any of
them, may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice
to the Noteholder, without incurring any responsibility to the Noteholder, and
without impairing or releasing any of the rights of any of the Senior Creditors,
or any of the obligations of the Noteholder:
(A)
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change
the amount (subject to Section 6(b)) or terms of or renew or extend any
Senior Obligations or amend any Senior Debt Document, as the case may be,
in any manner or enter into or amend in any manner any other agreement
relating to any Senior Obligations;
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(B)
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sell,
exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property at any time pledged
or mortgaged or subject to any lien to secure any Senior
Obligations;
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(C)
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release
anyone liable in any manner for the payment or collection of any Senior
Obligations; and
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(D)
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exercise
or refrain from exercising any rights against the Issuer, any Guarantor or
any other Person (including the
Noteholder).
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(e) Certain
Waivers. (i) The Noteholder
hereby waives notice of or proof of reliance by any Senior Creditor upon the
provisions hereof, and the Senior Obligations shall
4
conclusively
be deemed to have been created, contracted, incurred and maintained in reliance
upon the provisions hereof.
(ii)
The Issuer hereby waives diligence,
presentment, demand, protest and notice of any kind whatsoever. The
non-exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights hereunder in any particular
instance shall not constitute a waiver thereof in that or any subsequent
instance.
(f) Acknowledgement of Subordination and
Payment Restrictions. The subordination
provisions contained herein and the provisions contained in Section 3 hereof are
for the benefit of the Senior Debt Agent, Senior Creditors and their respective
successors and assigns and may not be rescinded or cancelled or modified in any
way without the prior written consent of the Senior Debt Agent. The Noteholder hereby expressly acknowledges and
agrees to the subordination provisions and payment restrictions contained herein.
5.
Affirmative
Covenants. So long as any principal of and interest on this
Note or any other amount payable hereunder remains unpaid or
unsatisfied:
(a)
Information. The
Issuer shall deliver to the Noteholder:
(i)
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[as
soon as available, but in any event within 90 days after the end of each
fiscal year of the Issuer, a consolidated balance sheet of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal year, and related
consolidated statements of income, operations, shareholders’ equity and
cash flows for such fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in
accordance with GAAP, setting forth in each case in comparative form the
figures for the previous fiscal year and audited and accompanied by a
report and opinion of a firm of independent public accountants of
recognized national standing (without a “going concern” or like
qualification or exception and without any qualification or exception as
to the scope of audit) as presenting fairly in all material respects, the
financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with
GAAP;
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(ii)
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within
45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each
fiscal year of the Issuer, a consolidated balance sheet of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal quarter and the related
statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for such
fiscal quarter and for the then elapsed portion of such fiscal year,
setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the
corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet,
as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all certified by a Responsible
Officer as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial
position, results of operations and cash flows of the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries on a
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5
consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnotes;]1 | ||
(iii)
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within
5 Business Days after the occurrence of any Default of which a Responsible
Officer has obtained knowledge, a notice setting forth such Default and
stating what action the Issuer has taken or proposes to take with respect
thereto; and
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(iv)
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within
5 Business Days of the occurrence of any matter that has resulted or could
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, including
the commencement of any material litigation or proceeding affecting the
Issuer or any Material Subsidiary, a notice setting forth such event and
actions taken (if any) with respect
thereto.
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(b) Preservation of Existence,
Etc. The Issuer shall (i) preserve,
renew and maintain in full force and effect its legal existence under the laws
of the jurisdiction of its organization except in a transaction permitted
hereunder and (ii) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights,
privileges, permits, licenses and franchises necessary or desirable in any
material respect in the normal conduct of its business, except to the extent
that failure to do so could not be reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.
(c) Maintenance of
Properties. The Issuer shall,
and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries, to maintain, preserve and protect all
of its material properties and equipment necessary in the operation of its
business in good working order and condition, except where the failure to do so
could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Compliance with
Law. The Issuer shall, and shall cause
each of its Subsidiaries to, comply in all material respects with the
requirements of all laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees
applicable to it or to its business or property, except in such instances in
which (x) such requirement of law or order, injunction or decree is being
contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (y)
the failure to comply therewith could not be reasonable be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Maintenance of Books and
Records. The Issuer shall, and shall
cause each of its Subsidiaries to, maintain proper books of record and account,
in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP consistently
applied shall be made of all financial transactions and matters involving the
assets and business of the Issuer or such Subsidiary, as the case may
be.
6.
Negative
Covenants. So long as any principal of and interest on this
Note or any other amount payable hereunder remains unpaid or
unsatisfied:
1 Delivery of financial statements to be
conformed to comparable provisions of the Credit
Agreement.
6
(a) Mergers and
Consolidations. The
Issuer shall not merge or consolidate with or into any Person or sell all or
substantially all of its assets, except that so long as both prior to and
subsequent to such merger or consolidation, no Event of Default has occurred and
is continuing, the Issuer may merge or consolidate with any Person, provided that (x) the
Issuer shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (y) if the Issuer shall
not be the surviving Person, such surviving Person shall have assumed the
obligations of the Issuer hereunder pursuant to documentation in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder (each such merger or
consolidation, a “Permitted
Merger”).
(b) Indebtedness. (i) The
Issuer shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, Incur any
Indebtedness; provided, however, that the
Issuer or any Subsidiary may Incur Indebtedness, if the Interest Charge Coverage
Ratio for the Issuer’s most recently ended four full fiscal quarters for which
financial statements shall have been delivered pursuant to Section 5(a)
immediately preceding the date on which such additional Indebtedness is Incurred
would have been at least 2 to 1, determined on a pro forma basis (including a
pro forma application
of the net proceeds therefrom), as if the additional Indebtedness had been
Incurred at the beginning of such four-quarter period.
(ii)
Notwithstanding
Section 6(b)(i) above, the Issuer and the Subsidiaries may Incur the following
Indebtedness:
(A) Credit
Facility Indebtedness in an aggregate outstanding principal amount not to exceed
$2,000,000,000;
(B)
Guarantees by the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries in respect of Indebtedness otherwise permitted hereunder of the
Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries;
(C)
Indebtedness of the Issuer or any
Subsidiary owing to the Issuer or any other Subsidiary;
(D) Indebtedness
in respect of Capitalized Leases and Indebtedness Incurred in financing the
acquisition, construction, repair, replacement or improvement of fixed or
capital assets by the Issuer or any Subsidiary;
(E)
Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Subsidiary
(I) assumed in connection with or (II) Incurred to finance, in each case, any
acquisition of property and assets or businesses of any Person or of assets
constituting a business unit, a line of business or division of such Person, or
Equity Interests in a Person;
(F)
Indebtedness representing deferred
compensation to employees of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries incurred in the
ordinary course of business;
7
(G)
Indebtedness to current or former officers,
directors, managers, consultants and employees, their respective estates,
spouses or former spouses to finance the purchase or redemption of Equity
Interests of the Issuer (or any direct or indirect parent thereof);
(H)
Indebtedness Incurred by the
Issuer or any Subsidiary in an acquisition, or any disposition of assets, in
each case to the extent constituting indemnification obligations or obligations
in respect of purchase price (including earn-outs) or other similar
adjustments;
(I)
Indebtedness consisting of obligations of
the Issuer and any Subsidiary under deferred compensation or other similar
arrangements incurred by such Person in connection with (I) the transactions
contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement, or (II) other acquisitions or
dispositions of assets;
(J)
Cash Management Obligations and other
Indebtedness in respect of netting services, automatic clearinghouse
arrangements, overdraft protections, employee credit card programs and other
cash management and similar arrangements in the ordinary course of business and
any guarantees thereof;
(K)
Indebtedness consisting of (I)
the financing of insurance premiums or (II) take-or-pay obligations contained in
supply arrangements, in each case, in the ordinary course of
business;
(L)
Indebtedness incurred by the Issuer or
any Subsidiary in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’
acceptances, warehouse receipts or similar instruments issued or created in the
ordinary course of business or consistent with past practice, including in
respect of workers compensation claims, health, disability or other employee
benefits or property, casualty or liability insurance or self-insurance or other
Indebtedness with respect to reimbursement-type obligations regarding workers
compensation claims;
(M) obligations
in respect of performance, bid, appeal and surety bonds and performance and
completion guarantees and similar obligations provided by the Issuer or any
Subsidiary or obligations in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees or
similar instruments related thereto, in each case in the ordinary course of
business or consistent with past practice;
(N) all
premiums (if any), interest (including post-petition interest), fees, expenses,
charges and additional or contingent interest on obligations described in
clauses (A) through (M) above and (O) through (R) below;
8
(O) Guarantees
Incurred in the ordinary course of business in respect of obligations to
suppliers, customers, franchisees, lessors and licensees;
(P)
Indebtedness Incurred in the ordinary course of business
in respect of obligations of the Issuer or any Subsidiary to pay the deferred
purchase price of goods or services or progress payments in connection with such
goods and services;
(Q) Indebtedness
resulting from the refinancing, refunding, replacement, renewal or extension of
Indebtedness described in clauses (A) through (P) above; and
(R) Indebtedness
resulting from the refinancing, refunding, replacement, renewal or extension of
Indebtedness described in Section 6(b)(i) above.
(c) Liens. The
Issuer shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, create,
incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, assets or
revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired to secure Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness, without making, or causing such Subsidiary to make effective
provision for securing this Note equally and ratably with such Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness or in the event such Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness is subordinate
in right of payment to this Note, prior to such Indebtedness, as to such
property or assets for so long as such Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness shall be
secured. The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to the following
Liens:
(A)
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Liens
existing on the date hereof;
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(B)
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Liens
securing any Senior Obligations;
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(C)
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Liens
for taxes, assessments or governmental charges that are not overdue for a
period of more than 120 days or that are being contested in good faith and
by appropriate proceedings for which appropriate reserves have been
established in accordance with GAAP;
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(D)
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statutory
or common law Liens of landlords, carriers, warehousemen, mechanics,
materialmen, repairmen, construction contractors or other like Liens
arising in the ordinary course of business, so long as, in each case, such
Liens arise in the ordinary course of business;
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(E)
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(I)
pledges or deposits in the ordinary course of business in connection with
workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security
legislation and (II) pledges and deposits in the ordinary course of
business securing liability for
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9
reimbursement or indemnification obligations of (including obligations in respect of letters of credit or bank guarantees for the benefit of) insurance carriers providing property, casualty or liability insurance to the Issuer or any Subsidiary; | ||
(F)
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deposits
to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts, governmental contracts
and leases (other than Indebtedness for borrowed money), statutory
obligations, surety, stay, customs and appeal bonds, performance bonds and
other obligations of a like nature (including those to secure health,
safety and environmental obligations) incurred in the ordinary course of
business;
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(G)
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Liens
securing Cash Management Obligations, Hedging Agreements and other
Indebtedness in respect of netting services, automatic clearinghouse
arrangements, overdraft protections, employee credit card programs and
other cash management and similar arrangements in the ordinary course of
business and any guarantees thereof;
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(H)
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easements,
rights-of-way, restrictions (including zoning restrictions),
encroachments, protrusions and other similar encumbrances and minor title
defects affecting real property that, in the aggregate, do not in any case
materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the
Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and any exception on the
title policies issued in connection with the mortgaged
property;
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(I)
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Liens
arising from judgments or orders for the payment of
money;
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(J)
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Liens
securing Indebtedness permitted under Section
6(b)(ii)(D);
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(K)
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leases,
licenses, subleases or sublicenses granted to others in the ordinary
course of business;
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(L)
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Liens
in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to
secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of
goods in the ordinary course of business;
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(M)
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Liens
(I) of a collection bank arising under Section 4-210 of the Uniform
Commercial Code on the items in the course of collection, (II) attaching
to commodity trading accounts or other commodities brokerage accounts
incurred in the ordinary course of business and (III) in favor of a
banking or other financial institution arising as a matter of law
encumbering deposits or other funds maintained with a financial
institution (including the right of
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10
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set off) and that are within the general parameters customary in the banking industry; | |
(N)
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Liens
(I) on cash advances in favor of the seller of any property to be acquired
in an investment to be applied against the purchase price for such
investment or (II) consisting of an agreement to dispose of any
property;
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(O)
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Liens
in favor of the Issuer or a Subsidiary securing Indebtedness permitted
under Section 6(b)(ii)(C);
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(P)
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Liens
existing on property at the time of its acquisition or existing on the
property of any Person at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary and
the Indebtedness secured thereby is permitted under Section 6(b)(ii)(D) or
(E);
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(Q)
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any
interest or title of a lessor, sublessor, licensor or sublicensor or
secured by a lessor’s, sublessor’s, licensor’s or sublicensor’s interest
under leases or licenses entered into by the Issuer or any Subsidiary in
the ordinary course of business;
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(R)
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Liens
arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar
arrangements for sale of goods entered into by the Issuer or any
Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business;
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(S)
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Liens
deemed to exist in connection with investments in repurchase agreements
and reasonable customary initial deposits and margin deposits and similar
Liens attaching to commodity trading accounts or other brokerage accounts
maintained in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative
purposes;
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(T)
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Liens
that are contractual rights of setoff (I) relating to the establishment of
depository relations with banks or other financial institutions not given
in connection with the issuance of Indebtedness, (II) relating to pooled
deposit or sweep accounts of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries to
permit satisfaction of overdraft or similar obligations incurred in the
ordinary course of business of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries or (III)
relating to purchase orders and other agreements entered into with
customers of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course
of business;
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(U)
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Liens
solely on any xxxx xxxxxxx money deposits made by the Issuer or any of its
Subsidiaries in connection with any letter of intent or purchase
agreement;
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11
(V)
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(I)
Liens on the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary acquired pursuant to an
acquisition to secure Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section
6(b)(ii)(E) in connection with such acquisition and (II) Liens on the
assets of such Subsidiary and any of its Subsidiaries to secure
Indebtedness (or to secure a Guarantee of such Indebtedness) incurred
pursuant to Section 6(b)(ii)(E) in connection with such
acquisition;
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(W)
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ground
leases in respect of real property on which facilities owned or leased by
the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries are located;
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(X)
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Liens
arising from precautionary Uniform Commercial Code financing statement or
similar filings;
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(Y)
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Liens
on insurance policies and the proceeds thereof securing the financing of
the premiums with respect thereto;
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(Z)
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any
zoning or similar law or right reserved to or vested in any Governmental
Authority to control or regulate the use of any real property that does
not materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the
Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;
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(AA)
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Liens
on specific items of inventory or other goods and the proceeds thereof
securing such Person’s obligations in respect of documentary letters of
credit or banker’s acceptances issued or created for the account of such
Person to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory
or goods;
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(BB)
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landlords’
and lessors’ statutory Liens in respect of rent not in
default;
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(CC)
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Liens
in connection with any sale-leasebacks;
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(DD)
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other
Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations in an aggregate principal
amount at any time outstanding not to exceed $50,000,000;
and
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(EE)
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the
modification, replacement, renewal or extension of any Lien permitted
under this Section 6(c).
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(d) Junior Subordinated Seller
Note. The Issuer shall not
make, nor cause any of its Subsidiaries to make, any prepayment of any principal
amount of the Junior Subordinated
12
Seller
Note, so long as any principal of or interest on this Note or any
other amount payable hereunder remains unpaid.
7.
Events of
Default. The following are “Events of
Default”:
(a) The
Issuer fails to pay any principal of this Note as and on the date when due and
such failure shall continue unremedied for more than 5 days; or
(b) The
Issuer fails to pay any interest on this Note as and on the date when due; and
such failure shall continue unremedied for more than 30 days; or
(c) The
Issuer fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in
Section 6(a) hereof; or
(d) The
Issuer fails to perform or observe any other covenant or agreement (not
specified above) contained in this Note on its part to be performed or observed
and such failure continues for 60 days after written notice thereof shall have
been given by the Noteholder to the Issuer; or
(e) An
event of default has occurred and is continuing under a Credit Facility with an
outstanding principal amount in excess of $100,000,000 and the Senior Creditors
thereunder have accelerated the Senior Obligations thereunder as a result
thereof; provided, however, if any such
acceleration of Senior Obligations has been rescinded, there shall no longer be
any Event of Default under this Section 7(e) with respect to such acceleration;
or
(f)
The Issuer or any Material Subsidiary institutes any
proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or makes a general assignment for the
benefit of creditors; or applies for or consents to the appointment of any
receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar
officer for it or for all or any material part of its property; or any receiver,
trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar officer
is appointed without the application or consent of such Person and the
appointment continues undischarged or unstayed for 60 calendar days; or any
proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law relating to any such Person or to all or
any material part of its property is instituted without the consent of such
Person and continues undismissed or unstayed for 60 calendar days, or an order
for relief is entered, or consented to by such Person, in any such proceeding or
an order for the liquidation of any such Person is entered in any such
proceeding or any such Person admits in writing its inability to pay its debts
generally as they become due (such proceedings collectively, the “Insolvency
Proceedings”).
Upon the
occurrence of an Event of Default, the Noteholder may declare all sums
outstanding hereunder, including all interest thereon, to be immediately due and
payable, whereupon the same shall become and be immediately due and payable,
without notice of default, presentment or demand for payment, protest or notice
of nonpayment or dishonor, or other notices or demands of any kind or character,
all of which are hereby expressly waived; provided, however, that upon
the occurrence of an actual or deemed entry of an order for relief with respect
to the Issuer under the Bankruptcy Code, all sums outstanding hereunder,
including
13
all
interest thereon, shall become and be immediately due and payable, without
notice of default, presentment or demand for payment, protest or notice of
nonpayment or dishonor, or other notices or demands of any kind or character,
all of which are hereby expressly waived.
8.
Guaranty.
(a) Guaranty. Each
Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantees, as a guaranty of
payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt
payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon
acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all
existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of every kind, nature and
character, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, liquidated or
unliquidated, voluntary or involuntary and whether for principal, interest,
premiums, fees, indemnities, damages, costs, expenses or otherwise, of the
Issuer to the Noteholder under this Note (including all renewals, extensions,
amendments, refinancings and other modifications thereof and all costs,
attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Noteholder in connection with the
collection or enforcement thereof), and whether recovery upon such indebtedness
and liabilities may be or hereafter become unenforceable or shall be an allowed
or disallowed claim under any proceeding or case commenced by or against any
Guarantor or the Issuer under any Debtor Relief Law, and including interest that
accrues after the commencement by or against the Issuer of any proceeding under
any Debtor Relief Laws (such obligations, the “Guaranteed Obligations” and
such guaranty, the “Guaranty”). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the liability of each Guarantor with respect to its Guaranteed
Obligations shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount
that would not render its obligations under the Guaranty subject to avoidance
under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or any comparable provision of any
state law. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity,
regularity or enforceability of the Guaranteed Obligations or any instrument or
agreement evidencing any Guaranteed Obligations, or by the existence, validity,
enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor,
or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Guaranteed Obligations which
might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of any Guarantor under
this Guaranty, and each Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may
now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the
foregoing.
(b) Rights of
Noteholder. Each Guarantor guarantees that the Guaranteed
Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Note.
Each Guarantor consents and agrees that the Noteholder may, at any time and from
time to time, without notice or demand, and without affecting the enforceability
or continuing effectiveness hereof: (i) amend, extend, renew,
compromise, discharge, accelerate or otherwise change the time for payment or
the terms of the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof; (ii) take, hold,
exchange, enforce, waive, release, fail to perfect, sell, or otherwise dispose
of any security for the payment of this Guaranty or any Guaranteed Obligations;
(iii) apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as the
Noteholder in its sole discretion may determine; and (iv) release or substitute
one or more of any endorsers or other guarantors of any of the Guaranteed
Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each
Guarantor consents to the taking of, or failure to take, any action which might
in any manner or to any extent vary the risks of such
14
Guarantor
under this Guaranty or which, but for this provision, might operate as a
discharge of such Guarantor.
(c) Certain
Waivers. Each Guarantor waives (i) any defense arising by
reason of any disability or other defense of the Issuer or any other guarantor,
or the cessation from any cause whatsoever (including any act or omission of the
Noteholder) of the liability of the Issuer; (ii) any defense based on any claim
that such Guarantor’s obligations exceed or are more burdensome than those of
the Issuer; (iii) the benefit of any statute of limitations affecting such
Guarantor’s liability hereunder; (iv) any right to require the Noteholder to
proceed against the Issuer, proceed against or exhaust any security for the
Indebtedness, or pursue any other remedy in the Noteholder’s power whatsoever;
(v) any benefit of and any right to participate in any security now or hereafter
held by the Noteholder; and (vi) to the fullest extent permitted by law, any and
all other defenses or benefits that may be derived from or afforded by
applicable law limiting the liability of or exonerating guarantors or
sureties. Each Guarantor expressly waives all setoffs and
counterclaims and all presentments, demands for payment or performance, notices
of nonpayment or nonperformance, protests, notices of protest, notices of
dishonor and all other notices or demands of any kind or nature whatsoever with
respect to the Guaranteed Obligations, and all notices of acceptance of this
Guaranty or of the existence, creation or incurrence of new or additional
Guaranteed Obligations.
(d) Subrogation. Each
Guarantor shall not exercise any right of subrogation, contribution, indemnity,
reimbursement or similar rights with respect to any payments it makes under this
Guaranty until all of the Guaranteed Obligations and any amounts payable under
this Guaranty have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full. If
any amounts are paid to such Guarantor in violation of the foregoing limitation,
then such amounts shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder and
shall forthwith be paid to the Noteholder to reduce the amount of the Guaranteed
Obligations, whether matured or unmatured.
(e) Termination;
Reinstatement. (i) This
Guaranty is a continuing and irrevocable guaranty of all Guaranteed Obligations
now or hereafter existing and shall remain in full force and effect until all
Guaranteed Obligations and any other amounts payable under this Guaranty are
indefeasibly paid in full in cash. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
this Guaranty shall continue in full force and effect or be revived, as the case
may be, if any payment by or on behalf of the Issuer or any Guarantor is made,
or the Noteholder exercises its right of setoff, in respect of the Guaranteed
Obligations and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof
is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set
aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the
Noteholder in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other
party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or
otherwise, all as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not
occurred and whether or not the Noteholder is in possession of or has released
this Guaranty and regardless of any prior revocation, rescission, termination or
reduction. The obligations of each Guarantor under this paragraph
shall survive termination of this Guaranty.
(ii) Notwithstanding
Section 8(e)(i) above, if any Guarantor ceases to be a co-borrower or a
guarantor of the obligations under the Credit Agreement pursuant to
the terms
15
thereof,
such Guarantor shall be automatically released from its Guaranty without any
further action from the Noteholder.
(f) Additional
Guarantors. To the extent that any
Subsidiary shall become a co-borrower or a guarantor of the obligations under
the Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof, the Issuer will cause
concurrently such Subsidiary to execute a joinder agreement in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder, whereupon such Subsidiary
shall become a “Guarantor” as defined herein.
9.
Set-Off. Notwithstanding
any provision to the contrary herein, the parties hereto agree that any Set-Off
Amount (as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement) shall be applied to reduce
this Note or the Junior Subordinated Seller Note in accordance with the
provisions of Section 9.06(d) of the Stock Purchase Agreement.
10. Successors and
Assigns. The provisions of this
Note shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and
their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither
the Issuer nor any Guarantor may assign its rights and obligations under this
Note other than pursuant to a Permitted Merger. The Noteholder may at any time
assign its rights and obligations under this Note (which assignment shall be in
respect of not less than all of its obligations hereunder) to any other Person
with the consent of the Issuer, which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed, provided that the
Issuer shall have been offered the right of first refusal with respect to such
assignment (other than any assignment as collateral security for Indebtedness)
for a period of 30 days and the Issuer shall have elected not to exercise such
right upon the earlier to occur of such election or the expiry of such 30 day
period, and provided further that, in no
event shall the Issuer be required to consent to a potential assignee that has
been determined by the majority of the directors of the board of directors
unaffiliated with the Noteholder to be an “Adverse Person”.
11. Definitions. As
used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following
meanings:
“Affiliate” means, with
respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with, such Person. For
purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings,
the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) with
respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the
power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such
Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise.
“Bankruptcy Code” means The
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, as codified as 11 U.S.C. Section 101
et.seq.
“Company” has the meaning set
forth in Section 1.
16
“Business Day” means any day
other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are
authorized to close, or are in fact closed in New York, New
York.
“Capitalized Lease” means a
lease under which the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries is the lessee or
obligor, the discounted future rental payment obligations under which are
required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee or obligor in
accordance with GAAP.
“Cash Management Obligations”
means any obligations of the Issuer or any Subsidiary in respect of overdrafts
and related liabilities arising from treasury, depository or cash management
services.
“Change of Control” means an
event or series of events by which any “person” or “group” (as such terms are
used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but
excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any
person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or
administrator of any such plan) (any such person or group, an “Acquiror”), other than an
Excluded Person, becomes the “beneficial owner” (within the meaning of Rules
13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), directly or
indirectly, of 40% or more of the equity securities of the Issuer entitled to
vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the
Issuer (“Issuer Voting
Securities”) on a fully-diluted basis (a “Control Interest”); provided that no
Change of Control shall be deemed to have occurred if (i) the Acquiror acquires
or has acquired any Issuer Voting Securities directly or indirectly from any
Payee Party or any Affiliate of a Payee Party at any time from and after the
date hereof or (ii) the Acquiror has entered into any agreement, arrangement or
understanding (whether written or oral) in connection with the acquisition,
disposition or voting of, or any other matter relating to, any of the Issuer
Voting Securities held by any Payee Party or Affiliate thereof (unless, in the
case of clause (i) only, the Acquiror acquires such Control Interest
pursuant to a transaction in which the Acquiror offered to acquire all
outstanding Issuer Voting Securities, so long as all holders of Issuer Voting
Securities received identical consideration in such
transaction).
“Consolidated EBITDA” means [
to conform to Credit Agreement ].
“Consolidated Net Income” means
[ to conform to Credit Agreement ].
“Consolidated Total Interest
Expense” means, for any period, for the Issuer and its Subsidiaries on a
consolidated basis, all interest and all amortization of debt discount and
expense (including commitment fees, letter of credit fees, balance deficiency
fees and similar expense) on all Indebtedness of the Issuer and the Subsidiaries
on a consolidated basis (including outstanding letters of credit), paid or
required to be paid during such period, all as determined in accordance with
GAAP, together with the portion of rent expense of the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries with respect to such period under Capitalized Leases that would be
treated as interest under GAAP.
17
“Credit Agreement” means that
certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October [___], 2009 (together with all
exhibits and schedules thereto and as amended, restated, amended and restated,
extended, replaced, refinanced, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing
from time to time) among the Company, as a borrower, certain subsidiaries of the
Company, as designated co-borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative
agent and the other financial institutions party thereto.
“Credit Facilities” means (i)
one or more debt facilities (including without limitation, the Credit Agreement)
or commercial paper facilities, in each case with banks or lenders providing for
revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing or letters of credit,
and (ii) any notes, bonds or other instruments issued and sold in a public
offering, Rule 144A or other private transaction (together with related
indentures, note purchase agreements or similar agreements), in each case as to
clauses (i) and (ii), (A) as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded,
replaced or refinanced in whole or in part form time to time and (B) excluding
Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness.
“Credit Facility Indebtedness”
means, collectively, the Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries under
any Credit Facility, including any “Obligations” under, and as defined in, the
Credit Agreement.
“Debtor Relief Laws” means the
Bankruptcy Code, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy,
assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement,
receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief laws of the
United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and
affecting the rights of creditors generally.
“Default” means any event or
condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any
notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of
Default.
“Dollar” mean lawful money of
the United States.
“Equity Interests” means, with
respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership
or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other
rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital
stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the
securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or
other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or
options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such
other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such
Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether
voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights
or other interests are outstanding on any date of
determination.
“Excluded Indebtedness” means
Permitted Indebtedness constituting (a) Indebtedness pursuant to Section
6(b)(ii)(C) or (b) Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness.
18
“Excluded Person” means (a)
each Payee, his or her lineal descendants, members of his or her immediate
family and trusts for the benefit of any such individuals or the executor or
administrator of the estate or legal representative of any such individuals or
any Affiliate of any of the foregoing (the “Payee Parties”) or (b) any
“group” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934) that includes one or more Payee
Parties.
“Events of Default” has the
meaning specified in Section 7.
“GAAP” means generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and
pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial
Accounting Standards Board or such other principles as may be approved by a
significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States, that are
applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently
applied.
“Governmental Authority” means
the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political
subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority,
instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising
executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or
functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies
such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).
“Guarantee” by any Person (the
“guarantor”) means any
obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the
economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any
other Person (the “primary
obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including
any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or
advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or
other obligation or to purchase (or advance or supply funds for the purchase of)
any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property,
securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such
Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof, or (c) to maintain
working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or
liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such
Indebtedness or other obligation.
“Guaranteed Obligations” has
the meaning specified in Section 8(a).
“Guarantors” means the Initial
Guarantors and each Subsidiary who becomes or is required to become a Guarantor
pursuant to Section 8(f).
“Guaranty” has the meaning
specified in Section 8(a).
“Hedging Agreement” means any
interest rate protection agreement, foreign currency exchange agreement,
commodity price protection agreement or other interest or currency exchange rate
or commodity price hedging arrangement.
19
“Incur” means, with respect to
any Indebtedness, to incur, create, issue, assume, Guarantee or otherwise become
liable for or with respect to, or become responsible for, the payment of such
Indebtedness (and “Incurrence” and “Incurred” will have meanings
correlative to the foregoing).
“Indebtedness” of any Person means, without
duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money or with
respect to deposits or advances of any kind, (b) all obligations of such Person
evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all
obligations of such Person on which interest charges are customarily paid, (d)
all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention
agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (e) all obligations of
such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services
(excluding current accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of
business), (f) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of
such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured
by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the
Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (g) all Guarantees by such Person
of Indebtedness of others, and (h) all obligations under Capitalized
Leases.
“Initial Guarantors” shall mean
the Subsidiaries that are co-borrowers or guarantors on the date hereof under
the Credit Agreement.
“Insolvency Proceedings” has
the meaning specified in Section 7(e).
“Interest Charge Coverage
Ratio” means, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Issuer, the
ratio of (a) Consolidated EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters ending on such
date to (b) Consolidated Total Interest Expense for such four fiscal
quarters.
“Issuer” shall mean the Company
and its permitted successors and assigns.
“Junior Subordinated Seller
Note” means that certain Junior Subordinated Seller Note dated October
[___], 2009 made by the Issuer and payable to the order of the
Payee(s).
“Lien” means, with respect to
any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation,
encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset, and (b) the
interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital
lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially
the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such
asset.
“Material Adverse Effect” means
a material adverse effect on the business, operations or financial condition of
the Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
“Material Subsidiary” means any
Subsidiary of the Company which at the date of determination is a “significant
subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-
20
X under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as such Regulation is in effect on the date
hereof).
“Maturity Date” means December
15, 2010.
“Note” means this Senior
Subordinated Seller Note, as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or
otherwise modified in writing from time to time.
“Noteholder” means the Payee
and his permitted successors and assigns.
“Paid in Full” means with
respect to Senior Obligations, the payment in full in cash and other
satisfaction in full of such obligations in accordance with the terms of the
applicable Senior Debt Document.
“Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness” means Indebtedness which is expressed to be pari passu or subordinated to
this Note (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include the Junior
Subordinated Seller Note).
“Payee” has the meaning set
forth in Section 1.
“Payee Parties” has the meaning
set forth in the definition of “Excluded
Person”.
“Payment Blockage Notice” means
a notice by the Senior Debt Agent (a) stating that one or more defaults shall
have occurred and be continuing under the applicable Senior Debt Document (and
listing such default(s) in reasonable detail), and (b) directing that all
payments under this Note be subject to Section 4(b).
“Payment Blockage Period” means
the period commencing from the receipt by the Issuer or the Noteholder of a
Payment Blockage Notice and ending on the earliest to occur of (a) the date on
which the default(s) listed in such Payment Blockage Notice shall have been
cured or waived in accordance with the terms of the Senior Debt Documents, (b)
if arising as a result of any default other than a payment default, 180 days
from the commencement of such period, or (c) the revocation, withdrawal or
termination of such Payment Blockage Notice by the Senior Debt
Agent.
“Permitted Indebtedness” means
Indebtedness permitted by Section 6(b).
“Permitted
Merger” has the meaning specified in Section
6(a).
“Person” means any natural
person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture,
association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other
entity.
“Repurchase Date” has the
meaning specified in Section 2(b)(ii).
21
“Responsible Officer” means the
chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, vice
president-finance, vice president-corporate finance, treasurer, assistant
treasurer, controller or assistant controller of the Issuer.
“Senior Creditors” means (a) as
long as the Credit Agreement has not been terminated or any obligations remain
outstanding thereunder, the holders of Senior Obligations that have entered into
an intercreditor agreement or arrangement acceptable to the Administrative Agent
(as defined in the Credit Agreement) with the Administrative Agent and (b)
otherwise, the holders of the Senior Obligations.
“Senior Debt Agent” means (a)
as long as the Credit Agreement has not been terminated or any obligations
remain outstanding thereunder, the “Administrative Agent” as defined in the
Credit Agreement and (b) otherwise, the holders of a majority of the Senior
Obligations outstanding under the Credit Facilities or their respective
representative or agent.
“Senior Debt Documents” means
collectively, (a) the “Loan Documents” as defined in the Credit Agreement and
(b) such other documents evidencing the Senior Obligations.
“Senior Obligations” means,
collectively, (a) the Credit Facility Indebtedness of the Issuer or any
Guarantor, (b) any Cash Management Obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor,
(c) all obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor under any Hedging
Agreement, (d) all obligations,
contingent or otherwise, of the Issuer or any Guarantor as an account party in
respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (e) all obligations,
contingent or otherwise, of the Issuer or any Guarantor in respect of bankers’ acceptances
and (f) all obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor as obligor in
respect of Permitted Indebtedness other than Excluded Indebtedness.
“Set-Off Amount” has the
meaning specified in Section 9.
“Stock Purchase Agreement”
means that stock purchase agreement dated August 7, 2009 among the Company and
the Payees relating to the purchase and sale of 100% of the capital stock of
Xxxxxx & Xxxxx College Booksellers, Inc.
“Subsidiary” of a Person means
a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other
business entity of which a majority of the shares of securities or other
interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other
governing body (other than securities or interests having such power only by
reason of the happening of a contingency) are at the time beneficially owned, or
the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly, or indirectly through
one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise
specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall
refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Issuer.
“Uniform Commercial Code” means
the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time.
22
12.
Miscellaneous.
(a) All
financial computations required under this Note shall be made, and all financial
information required under this Note shall be prepared, in accordance with GAAP
as in effect from time to time consistently applied.
(b) No
amendment or waiver of any provision of this Note and no consent by the
Noteholder to any departure therefrom by the Issuer or any Guarantor shall be
effective unless such amendment, waiver or consent shall be in writing and
signed by the Noteholder, and any such amendment, waiver or consent shall then
be effective only for the period and on the conditions and for the specific
instance specified in such writing. No failure or delay by the
Noteholder in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate
as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude
any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other rights, power
or privilege.
(c) Except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, notices and other communications to each
party provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or
overnight courier service, mailed or sent by telecopy to the address provided
from time to time by such party. All notices and other communications
shall be effective upon receipt.
(d) If
any provision of this Note is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (i)
the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this
Note shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (ii) the parties shall
endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or
unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which
comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable
provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular
jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any
other jurisdiction.
(e) THIS
NOTE IS GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAW
RULES OF SUCH STATE. THE
ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR
ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES
DISTRICT COURT AND EACH STATE COURT IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AND ANY APPELLATE COURT
FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS
NOTE OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT
OF ANY JUDGMENT. THE ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS
TO THE SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY THE
MAILING OF COPIES OF SUCH PROCESS TO THE ISSUER OR SUCH GUARANTOR AT ITS ADDRESS
SET FORTH BENEATH ITS SIGNATURE HERETO. THE ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY OBJECTION WHICH
IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH
23
PROCEEDING
BROUGHT IN SUCH A COURT AND ANY CLAIM THAT ANY SUCH PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN SUCH A
COURT HAS BEEN BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.
(g) THE
ISSUER, EACH GUARANTOR AND THE NOTEHOLDER EACH WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THEIR RESPECTIVE RIGHTS TO A TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY
CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR
THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
(h) THIS NOTE REPRESENTS THE FINAL
AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES AND MAY NOT BE CONTRADICTED BY EVIDENCE OF PRIOR,
CONTEMPORANEOUS, OR SUBSEQUENT ORAL AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES. THERE
ARE NO UNWRITTEN ORAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
XXXXXX & NOBLE, INC.
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||
By
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Name
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Title
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[GUARANTORS] | ||
By
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Name
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Title
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24
EXHIBIT
A-2
FORM
OF JUNIOR SUBORDINATED SELLER NOTE
$150,000,000 |
________________,
_____
|
1.
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the
undersigned, XXXXXX &
XXXXX,
INC., a Delaware
corporation (the
“Company”), hereby
promises to pay to the order of Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx (each a “Payee”) the principal amount
of One Hundred and Fifty Million Dollars ($150,000,000) or, if less, the
aggregate unpaid principal amount of this Note, on the Maturity Date (or, if
such day is not a Business Day, on the immediately preceding Business Day),
subject to the provisions herein. The Issuer further promises to pay interest on
the unpaid principal amount of this Note from time to time at a rate per annum
equal to 10.0%. Interest on this Note shall be due and payable in
arrears in cash on each December 29 and June 30 of each calendar year, provided that if any
such day is not a Business Day, payment shall be made on the immediately
preceding Business Day. Payments of principal hereof and interest hereon shall
be made in Dollars in immediately available funds to such account of the
Noteholder located in New York, New York, as the Noteholder may designate in
writing to the Issuer.
2. Prepayments.
(a) Optional
Prepayment. Subject to the provisions herein (including,
without limitation, the restrictions on payment contained in Section 3 and the
subordination provisions contained in Section 4), the Issuer may, at any time
prior to the Maturity Date and so long as such prepayment is not prohibited
under the Senior Debt Documents, prepay the principal amount of this Note, in
whole or in part, without penalty or premium, on any Business Day; provided that the
Issuer may not prepay the Note, in whole or in part, so long as any principal of
or interest on the Senior Subordinated Seller Note or any other amount payable
thereunder remains unpaid. Prepayments of this Note must be
accompanied by payment of accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount
prepaid to and including the date of payment.
(b) Change of Control
Payment. Subject to the provisions herein (including, without
limitation, the restrictions on payment contained in Section 3 and the
subordination provisions contained in Section 4):
(i)
|
upon
a Change of Control, the Noteholder shall have the right to require the
Issuer to repurchase this Note at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100%
of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest if any,
to the date of repurchase, in accordance with the terms contemplated in
clause (ii) below;
|
||
(ii)
|
within
10 Business Days following any Change of Control, the Issuer shall notify
the Noteholder that a Change of Control has occurred. Such notice shall
provide that the Noteholder has the
|
right
to require the Issuer to repurchase this Note at a repurchase price in
cash equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid
interest, if any, to the date of repurchase and set forth the proposed
date of repurchase (which shall be a Business Day and shall in no event be
earlier than 10 Business Days from the date of such notice (such date, the
“Repurchase
Date”));
|
|||
(iii)
|
the
Noteholder shall notify the Issuer of its election to tender the Note for
purchase by the Issuer on the terms set forth in the notice by no later
than 10 Business Days after receipt of such notice, which election shall
be irrevocable and shall be in respect of not less than the entire Note.
If the Noteholder shall not have informed the Issuer of its election at
the expiration of such 10 Business Day period, the Noteholder shall be
deemed conclusively not to have elected to tender the Note for purchase by
the Issuer; and
|
||
(iv)
|
on
the Repurchase Date, the Noteholder shall tender the Note to the Issuer
against the deposit by the Issuer in the Noteholder’s account (which
account shall be the same account as set forth in Section 1 above) of
funds sufficient to pay the purchase price of the Note so
tendered. Upon repurchase of the Note by the Issuer pursuant to
this Section 2(b), the Note shall be cancelled and all obligations of the
Issuer thereunder shall be
terminated.
|
3.
Other Payment
Provisions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
herein, no payment or prepayment of principal of or interest on this Note
(including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section 8 hereof) may be
made, directly or indirectly to the Noteholder (and shall instead be paid over
to the Senior Debt Agent under Section 4(b) to the extent permitted by
applicable law), if:
(i)
|
the
Issuer or its properties is subject to any Insolvency
Proceeding;
|
||
(ii)
|
a
payment default shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to any
Senior Obligations; or
|
||
(iii)
|
a
Payment Blockage Period shall have occurred and be
continuing.
|
4.
Subordination
Provisions.
(a) Subordination. Payment
of this Note (including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section 8
hereof) is and shall be expressly subordinate and junior in right of payment to
the prior payment in full in cash of the Senior Obligations to the extent and in
the manner set forth herein, and this Note is hereby so subordinated as a claim
against the Issuer or any of the assets of the Issuer, whether such claim be
made (i) in the event of any Insolvency
2
Proceeding,
or (ii) other than in connection with an Insolvency Proceeding, prior to the
Senior Obligations being Paid in Full.
(b) Payment
Over. If the Noteholder shall receive
any payment (including, without limitation, under Section 2 or Section 8
hereto) in violation of the terms hereof, it shall hold such payment
in trust for the benefit of the Senior Creditors and forthwith pay it over to
the Senior Debt Agent, for application in accordance with the Senior Debt
Documents. In the event that any payment hereunder shall be due and,
at such time, the Issuer shall be prohibited by the terms of this Note from
making such payment to the Noteholder, the Issuer shall instead, to the extent
permitted by applicable law, make such payment to the Senior Debt Agent to the
extent the Senior Debt Obligations have not been Paid In Full.
(c) Insolvency Proceedings; Acceleration
of Senior Obligations.
(i) In the event of any Insolvency Proceeding relative to the Issuer
or any Guarantor or its properties or any acceleration of any Senior
Obligations, then all of the Senior Obligations shall first be Paid in Full
before the Noteholder may receive and retain any payment upon this Note, and in
any such proceedings any payment or distribution of any kind or character,
whether in cash or property or securities, which may be payable or deliverable
in respect of this Note shall be paid or delivered directly to the Senior Debt
Agent to the extent of any unpaid Senior Obligations, unless and until all such
Senior Obligations are Paid in Full, and the Noteholder hereby irrevocably
authorizes the Senior Debt Agent, as attorney-in-fact for such Noteholder, to
prove any claim in such proceedings on this Note, and to demand, xxx for,
collect and receive any such payment or distribution, and to apply such payment
or distribution to the payment of the then unpaid Senior Obligations, and to
take such other action (including acceptance or rejection of any plan of
reorganization in any Insolvency Proceeding) in the name of such Noteholder or
of the relevant Senior Creditors as the Senior Debt Agent may deem necessary or
advisable for the enforcement of the provisions hereof. The
Noteholder shall execute and deliver such other and further powers of attorney,
assignments, proofs of claim or other instruments as may be requested by the
Senior Debt Agent in order to accomplish the foregoing, but only with respect to
such Noteholder’s capacity as a Noteholder hereunder and not in respect of any
other relationship between such Noteholder and the Issuer.
(ii)
In the event that, notwithstanding the
foregoing, upon any such Insolvency Proceeding, any payment or distribution of
the assets of the Issuer of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
securities, shall be received by the Noteholder in respect of this Note before
all Senior Obligations are Paid in Full, such payment or distribution shall be
held in trust for the Senior Creditors and shall forthwith be paid over to the
Senior Debt Agent to the extent any Senior Obligations have not been Paid in
Full after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the Senior
Debt Agent.
(iii) In
the event of any Insolvency Proceeding against the Issuer or any Guarantor or
any of their assets, the Noteholder hereby agrees not to contest and hereby
waives any right to object to and expressly consents to (A) any post-petition
financing of or use of cash collateral by Issuer or any Guarantor, to the extent
approved or provided by the Senior Debt Agent, and the granting by Issuer or any
Guarantor to Senior Debt
3
Agent of
senior liens and priorities in connection therewith and (B) any sale or other
disposition of any property securing all of any part of the Senior Obligations
free and clear of security interests, liens or other claims of Noteholder under
Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code or any other provision of the Bankruptcy Code
if the Senior Debt Agent has approved or consented to such sale or
disposition.
(d) Standstill; Certain Other
Agreements. (i) The
Noteholder agrees that, until the earlier to occur of the Maturity Date or the
date the Senior Obligations are Paid in Full (A) if a payment default shall have
occurred and be continuing with respect to any Senior Obligations or a Payment
Blockage Period shall have occurred and be continuing or if an Insolvency
Proceeding shall have commenced, it will not take, demand or receive, or take
any action to accelerate or collect, any payment of all or any part of this Note
and (B) it will not file, join in or facilitate any petition or proceeding
seeking the involuntary bankruptcy of the Issuer or any Guarantor.
(ii)
The Noteholder further agrees (A) that it shall not
request, seek, obtain or maintain any lien on or security interest in any
property, tangible or intangible, of the Issuer or any Guarantor as security for
payment of the obligation under this Note and that it shall not attach or levy
or take any action against any property, tangible or intangible, of the Issuer
or any Guarantor under any circumstances and (B) that it shall not take, nor
consent to or acquiesce in the taking of, any action to set aside, challenge or
otherwise dispute the existence, validity or priority of the Senior Obligations
or the creation, attachment, validity, perfection, priority or continuation of
any lien or security interest of the Senior Debt Agent or
the Senior Creditors in any property, tangible or intangible, of the Issuer, any
Guarantor or any of their Subsidiaries.
(iii) The
Senior Creditors, or any of them, may, at any time and from time to time,
without the consent of or notice to the Noteholder, without incurring any
responsibility to the Noteholder, and without impairing or releasing any of the
rights of any of the Senior Creditors, or any of the obligations of the
Noteholder:
(A)
|
change
the amount (subject to Section 6(b)) or terms of or renew or extend any
Senior Obligations or amend any Senior Debt Document, as the case may be,
in any manner or enter into or amend in any manner any other agreement
relating to any Senior Obligations;
|
|
(B)
|
sell,
exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property at any time pledged
or mortgaged or subject to any lien to secure any Senior
Obligations;
|
|
(C)
|
release
anyone liable in any manner for the payment or collection of any Senior
Obligations; and
|
|
(D)
|
exercise
or refrain from exercising any rights against the Issuer, any Guarantor or
any other Person (including the
Noteholder).
|
4
(e) Certain
Waivers. (i) The Noteholder
hereby waives notice of or proof of reliance by any Senior Creditor upon the
provisions hereof, and the Senior Obligations shall conclusively be deemed to
have been created, contracted, incurred and maintained in reliance upon the
provisions hereof.
(ii)
The Issuer hereby waives diligence,
presentment, demand, protest and notice of any kind whatsoever. The
non-exercise by the Noteholder of any of its rights hereunder in any particular
instance shall not constitute a waiver thereof in that or any subsequent
instance.
(f) Acknowledgement of Subordination and
Payment Restrictions. The
subordination provisions contained herein and the provisions contained in
Section 3 hereof are for the benefit of the Senior Debt Agent, Senior Creditors
and their respective successors and assigns and may not be rescinded or
cancelled or modified in any way without the prior written consent of the Senior
Debt Agent. The
Noteholder hereby expressly
acknowledges and agrees to the subordination provisions and payment restrictions contained herein.
5.
Affirmative
Covenants. So long as any principal of and interest on this
Note or any other amount payable hereunder remains unpaid or
unsatisfied:
(a) Information. The
Issuer shall deliver to the Noteholder:
(i)
|
[as
soon as available, but in any event within 90 days after the end of each
fiscal year of the Issuer, a consolidated balance sheet of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal year, and related
consolidated statements of income, operations, shareholders’ equity and
cash flows for such fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in
accordance with GAAP, setting forth in each case in comparative form the
figures for the previous fiscal year and audited and accompanied by a
report and opinion of a firm of independent public accountants of
recognized national standing (without a “going concern” or like
qualification or exception and without any qualification or exception as
to the scope of audit) as presenting fairly in all material respects, the
financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with
GAAP;
|
|
(ii)
|
within
45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each
fiscal year of the Issuer, a consolidated balance sheet of the Issuer and
its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal quarter and the related
statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for such
fiscal quarter and for the then elapsed portion of such fiscal year,
setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the
corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet,
as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all certified by a Responsible
Officer as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial
position, results of operations and cash flows of the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries on a
|
5
consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnotes;]1 | ||
(iii)
|
within
5 Business Days after the occurrence of any Default of which a Responsible
Officer has obtained knowledge, a notice setting forth such Default and
stating what action the Issuer has taken or proposes to take with respect
thereto; and
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|
(iv)
|
within
5 Business Days of the occurrence of any matter that has resulted or could
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, including
the commencement of any material litigation or proceeding affecting the
Issuer or any Material Subsidiary, a notice setting forth such event and
actions taken (if any) with respect
thereto.
|
(b) Preservation of Existence,
Etc. The Issuer shall (i) preserve, renew and maintain in full
force and effect its legal existence under the laws of the jurisdiction of its
organization except in a transaction permitted hereunder and (ii) take all
reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges, permits, licenses and
franchises necessary or desirable in any material respect in the normal conduct
of its business, except to the extent that failure to do so could not be
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Maintenance of
Properties. The Issuer shall, and shall cause each of its
Subsidiaries, to maintain, preserve and protect all of its material properties
and equipment necessary in the operation of its business in good working order
and condition, except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Compliance with
Law. The Issuer shall, and shall cause each of its
Subsidiaries to, comply in all material respects with the requirements of all
laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its
business or property, except in such instances in which (x) such requirement of
law or order, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by
appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (y) the failure to comply
therewith could not be reasonable be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(e) Maintenance of Books and
Records. The Issuer shall, and shall cause each of its
Subsidiaries to, maintain proper books of record and account, in which full,
true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP consistently applied shall be
made of all financial transactions and matters involving the assets and business
of the Issuer or such Subsidiary, as the case may be.
6.
Negative
Covenants. So long as any principal of and interest on this
Note or any other amount payable hereunder remains unpaid or
unsatisfied:
1 Delivery of financial statements to be
conformed to comparable provisions of the Credit Agreement.
6
(a) Mergers and
Consolidations. The Issuer shall not merge or
consolidate with or into any Person or sell all or substantially all of its
assets, except that so long as both prior to and subsequent to such merger or
consolidation, no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Issuer
may merge or consolidate with any Person, provided that (x) the
Issuer shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (y) if the Issuer shall
not be the surviving Person, such surviving Person shall have assumed the
obligations of the Issuer hereunder pursuant to documentation in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder (each such merger or
consolidation, a “Permitted
Merger”).
(b) Indebtedness. (i) The
Issuer shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, Incur any
Indebtedness; provided, however, that the
Issuer or any Subsidiary may Incur Indebtedness, if the Interest Charge Coverage
Ratio for the Issuer’s most recently ended four full fiscal quarters for which
financial statements shall have been delivered pursuant to Section 5(a)
immediately preceding the date on which such additional Indebtedness is Incurred
would have been at least 2 to 1, determined on a pro forma basis (including a
pro forma application
of the net proceeds therefrom), as if the additional Indebtedness had been
Incurred at the beginning of such four-quarter period.
|
(ii)
|
Notwithstanding
Section 6(b)(i) above, the Issuer and the Subsidiaries may Incur the
following Indebtedness:
|
(A) Credit
Facility Indebtedness in an aggregate outstanding principal amount not to exceed
$2,000,000,000;
(B)
Guarantees by the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries in respect of Indebtedness otherwise permitted hereunder of the
Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries;
(C)
Indebtedness of the Issuer
or any Subsidiary owing to the Issuer or any other Subsidiary;
(D)
Indebtedness in respect of
Capitalized Leases and Indebtedness Incurred in financing the acquisition,
construction, repair, replacement or improvement of fixed or capital assets by
the Issuer or any Subsidiary;
(E)
Indebtedness of the
Issuer or any Subsidiary (I) assumed in connection with or (II) Incurred to
finance, in each case, any acquisition of property and assets or businesses of
any Person or of assets constituting a business unit, a line of business or
division of such Person, or Equity Interests in a Person;
(F)
Indebtedness representing
deferred compensation to employees of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries incurred
in the ordinary course of business;
7
(G)
Indebtedness to current or
former officers, directors, managers, consultants and employees, their
respective estates, spouses or former spouses to finance the purchase or
redemption of Equity Interests of the Issuer (or any direct or indirect parent
thereof);
(H)
Indebtedness Incurred by the Issuer or
any Subsidiary in an acquisition, or any disposition of assets, in each case to
the extent constituting indemnification obligations or obligations in respect of
purchase price (including earn-outs) or other similar adjustments;
(I)
Indebtedness consisting of obligations of the
Issuer and any Subsidiary under deferred compensation or other similar
arrangements incurred by such Person in connection with (I) the transactions
contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement, or (II) other acquisitions or
dispositions of assets;
(J)
Cash Management Obligations and other
Indebtedness in respect of netting services, automatic clearinghouse
arrangements, overdraft protections, employee credit card programs and other
cash management and similar arrangements in the ordinary course of business and
any guarantees thereof;
(K) Indebtedness
consisting of (I) the financing of insurance premiums or (II) take-or-pay
obligations contained in supply arrangements, in each case, in the ordinary
course of business;
(L)
Indebtedness incurred by the Issuer or
any Subsidiary in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’
acceptances, warehouse receipts or similar instruments issued or created in the
ordinary course of business or consistent with past practice, including in
respect of workers compensation claims, health, disability or other employee
benefits or property, casualty or liability insurance or self-insurance or other
Indebtedness with respect to reimbursement-type obligations regarding workers
compensation claims;
(M) obligations
in respect of performance, bid, appeal and surety bonds and performance and
completion guarantees and similar obligations provided by the Issuer or any
Subsidiary or obligations in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees or
similar instruments related thereto, in each case in the ordinary course of
business or consistent with past practice;
(N) all
premiums (if any), interest (including post-petition interest), fees, expenses,
charges and additional or contingent interest on obligations described in
clauses (A) through (M) above and (O) through (R) below;
8
(O) Guarantees
Incurred in the ordinary course of business in respect of obligations to
suppliers, customers, franchisees, lessors and licensees;
(P)
Indebtedness Incurred in the ordinary
course of business in respect of obligations of the Issuer or any Subsidiary to
pay the deferred purchase price of goods or services or progress payments in
connection with such goods and services;
(Q) Indebtedness
resulting from the refinancing, refunding, replacement, renewal or extension of
Indebtedness described in clauses (A) through (P) above; and
(R) Indebtedness
resulting from the refinancing, refunding, replacement, renewal or extension of
Indebtedness described in Section 6(b)(i) above.
(c) Liens. The
Issuer shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, create,
incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, assets or
revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired to secure Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness, without making, or causing such Subsidiary to make effective
provision for securing this Note equally and ratably with such Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness or in the event such Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness is subordinate
in right of payment to this Note, prior to such Indebtedness, as to such
property or assets for so long as such Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness shall be
secured. The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to the following
Liens:
(A)
|
Liens
existing on the date hereof;
|
|
(B)
|
Liens
securing any Senior Obligations;
|
|
(C)
|
Liens
for taxes, assessments or governmental charges that are not overdue for a
period of more than 120 days or that are being contested in good faith and
by appropriate proceedings for which appropriate reserves have been
established in accordance with GAAP;
|
|
(D)
|
statutory
or common law Liens of landlords, carriers, warehousemen, mechanics,
materialmen, repairmen, construction contractors or other like Liens
arising in the ordinary course of business, so long as, in each case, such
Liens arise in the ordinary course of business;
|
|
(E)
|
(I)
pledges or deposits in the ordinary course of business in connection with
workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security
legislation and (II) pledges and deposits in the ordinary course of
business securing liability for
|
9
reimbursement or indemnification obligations of (including obligations in respect of letters of credit or bank guarantees for the benefit of) insurance carriers providing property, casualty or liability insurance to the Issuer or any Subsidiary; | ||
(F)
|
deposits
to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts, governmental contracts
and leases (other than Indebtedness for borrowed money), statutory
obligations, surety, stay, customs and appeal bonds, performance bonds and
other obligations of a like nature (including those to secure health,
safety and environmental obligations) incurred in the ordinary course of
business;
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(G)
|
Liens
securing Cash Management Obligations, Hedging Agreements and other
Indebtedness in respect of netting services, automatic clearinghouse
arrangements, overdraft protections, employee credit card programs and
other cash management and similar arrangements in the ordinary course of
business and any guarantees thereof;
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(H)
|
easements,
rights-of-way, restrictions (including zoning restrictions),
encroachments, protrusions and other similar encumbrances and minor title
defects affecting real property that, in the aggregate, do not in any case
materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the
Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and any exception on the
title policies issued in connection with the mortgaged
property;
|
|
(I)
|
Liens
arising from judgments or orders for the payment of
money;
|
|
(J)
|
Liens
securing Indebtedness permitted under Section
6(b)(ii)(D);
|
|
(K)
|
leases,
licenses, subleases or sublicenses granted to others in the ordinary
course of business;
|
|
(L)
|
Liens
in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to
secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of
goods in the ordinary course of business;
|
|
(M)
|
Liens
(I) of a collection bank arising under Section 4-210 of the Uniform
Commercial Code on the items in the course of collection, (II) attaching
to commodity trading accounts or other commodities brokerage accounts
incurred in the ordinary course of business and (III) in favor of a
banking or other financial institution arising as a matter of law
encumbering deposits or other funds maintained with a financial
institution (including the right of
|
10
set off) and that are within the general parameters customary in the banking industry; | ||
(N)
|
Liens
(I) on cash advances in favor of the seller of any property to be acquired
in an investment to be applied against the purchase price for such
investment or (II) consisting of an agreement to dispose of any
property;
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(O)
|
Liens
in favor of the Issuer or a Subsidiary securing Indebtedness permitted
under Section 6(b)(ii)(C);
|
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(P)
|
Liens
existing on property at the time of its acquisition or existing on the
property of any Person at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary and
the Indebtedness secured thereby is permitted under Section 6(b)(ii)(D) or
(E);
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(Q)
|
any
interest or title of a lessor, sublessor, licensor or sublicensor or
secured by a lessor’s, sublessor’s, licensor’s or sublicensor’s interest
under leases or licenses entered into by the Issuer or any Subsidiary in
the ordinary course of business;
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(R)
|
Liens
arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar
arrangements for sale of goods entered into by the Issuer or any
Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business;
|
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(S)
|
Liens
deemed to exist in connection with investments in repurchase agreements
and reasonable customary initial deposits and margin deposits and similar
Liens attaching to commodity trading accounts or other brokerage accounts
maintained in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative
purposes;
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(T)
|
Liens
that are contractual rights of setoff (I) relating to the establishment of
depository relations with banks or other financial institutions not given
in connection with the issuance of Indebtedness, (II) relating to pooled
deposit or sweep accounts of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries to
permit satisfaction of overdraft or similar obligations incurred in the
ordinary course of business of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries or (III)
relating to purchase orders and other agreements entered into with
customers of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course
of business;
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(U)
|
Liens
solely on any xxxx xxxxxxx money deposits made by the Issuer or any of its
Subsidiaries in connection with any letter of intent or purchase
agreement;
|
11
(V)
|
(I)
Liens on the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary acquired pursuant to an
acquisition to secure Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section
6(b)(ii)(E) in connection with such acquisition and (II) Liens on the
assets of such Subsidiary and any of its Subsidiaries to secure
Indebtedness (or to secure a Guarantee of such Indebtedness) incurred
pursuant to Section 6(b)(ii)(E) in connection with such
acquisition;
|
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(W)
|
ground
leases in respect of real property on which facilities owned or leased by
the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries are located;
|
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(X)
|
Liens
arising from precautionary Uniform Commercial Code financing statement or
similar filings;
|
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(Y)
|
Liens
on insurance policies and the proceeds thereof securing the financing of
the premiums with respect thereto;
|
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(Z)
|
any
zoning or similar law or right reserved to or vested in any Governmental
Authority to control or regulate the use of any real property that does
not materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the
Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;
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(AA)
|
Liens
on specific items of inventory or other goods and the proceeds thereof
securing such Person’s obligations in respect of documentary letters of
credit or banker’s acceptances issued or created for the account of such
Person to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory
or goods;
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(BB)
|
landlords’
and lessors’ statutory Liens in respect of rent not in
default;
|
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(CC)
|
Liens
in connection with any sale-leasebacks;
|
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(DD)
|
other
Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations in an aggregate principal
amount at any time outstanding not to exceed $50,000,000;
and
|
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(EE)
|
the
modification, replacement, renewal or extension of any Lien permitted
under this Section 6(c).
|
7.
|
Events of
Default. The following are “Events of
Default”:
|
12
(a) The
Issuer fails to pay any principal of this Note as and on the date when due and
such failure shall continue unremedied for more than 5 days; or
(b) The
Issuer fails to pay any interest on this Note as and on the date when due; and
such failure shall continue unremedied for more than 30 days; or
(c) The
Issuer fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in
Section 6(a) hereof; or
(d) The
Issuer fails to perform or observe any other covenant or agreement (not
specified above) contained in this Note on its part to be performed or observed
and such failure continues for 60 days after written notice thereof shall have
been given by the Noteholder to the Issuer; or
(e) An
event of default has occurred and is continuing under a Credit Facility with an
outstanding principal amount in excess of $100,000,000 and the Senior Creditors
thereunder have accelerated the Senior Obligations thereunder as a result
thereof; provided, however, if any such
acceleration of Senior Obligations has been rescinded, there shall no longer be
any Event of Default under this Section 7(e) with respect to such acceleration;
or
(f) The
Issuer or any Material Subsidiary institutes any proceeding under any Debtor
Relief Law, or makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or
applies for or consents to the appointment of any receiver, trustee, custodian,
conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar officer for it or for all or
any material part of its property; or any receiver, trustee, custodian,
conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator, or similar officer is appointed without
the application or consent of such Person and the appointment continues
undischarged or unstayed for 60 calendar days; or any proceeding under any
Debtor Relief Law relating to any such Person or to all or any material part of
its property is instituted without the consent of such Person and continues
undismissed or unstayed for 60 calendar days, or an order for relief is entered,
or consented to by such Person, in any such proceeding or an order for the
liquidation of any such Person is entered in any such proceeding or any such
Person admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
due (such proceedings collectively, the “Insolvency
Proceedings”).
Upon the
occurrence of an Event of Default, the Noteholder may declare all sums
outstanding hereunder, including all interest thereon, to be immediately due and
payable, whereupon the same shall become and be immediately due and payable,
without notice of default, presentment or demand for payment, protest or notice
of nonpayment or dishonor, or other notices or demands of any kind or character,
all of which are hereby expressly waived; provided, however, that upon
the occurrence of an actual or deemed entry of an order for relief with respect
to the Issuer under the Bankruptcy Code, all sums outstanding hereunder,
including all interest thereon, shall become and be immediately due and payable,
without notice of default, presentment or demand for payment, protest or notice
of nonpayment or dishonor, or other notices or demands of any kind or character,
all of which are hereby expressly waived.
8.
Guaranty.
13
(a) Guaranty. Each
Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantees, as a guaranty of
payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt
payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon
acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all
existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of every kind, nature and
character, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, liquidated or
unliquidated, voluntary or involuntary and whether for principal, interest,
premiums, fees, indemnities, damages, costs, expenses or otherwise, of the
Issuer to the Noteholder under this Note (including all renewals, extensions,
amendments, refinancings and other modifications thereof and all costs,
attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Noteholder in connection with the
collection or enforcement thereof), and whether recovery upon such indebtedness
and liabilities may be or hereafter become unenforceable or shall be an allowed
or disallowed claim under any proceeding or case commenced by or against any
Guarantor or the Issuer under any Debtor Relief Law, and including interest that
accrues after the commencement by or against the Issuer of any proceeding under
any Debtor Relief Laws (such obligations, the “Guaranteed Obligations” and
such guaranty, the “Guaranty”). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the liability of each Guarantor with respect to its Guaranteed
Obligations shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount
that would not render its obligations under the Guaranty subject to avoidance
under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or any comparable provision of any
state law. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity,
regularity or enforceability of the Guaranteed Obligations or any instrument or
agreement evidencing any Guaranteed Obligations, or by the existence, validity,
enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor,
or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Guaranteed Obligations which
might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of any Guarantor under
this Guaranty, and each Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may
now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the
foregoing.
(b) Rights of
Noteholder. Each Guarantor guarantees that the Guaranteed
Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Note.
Each Guarantor consents and agrees that the Noteholder may, at any time and from
time to time, without notice or demand, and without affecting the enforceability
or continuing effectiveness hereof: (i) amend, extend, renew,
compromise, discharge, accelerate or otherwise change the time for payment or
the terms of the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof; (ii) take, hold,
exchange, enforce, waive, release, fail to perfect, sell, or otherwise dispose
of any security for the payment of this Guaranty or any Guaranteed Obligations;
(iii) apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as the
Noteholder in its sole discretion may determine; and (iv) release or substitute
one or more of any endorsers or other guarantors of any of the Guaranteed
Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each
Guarantor consents to the taking of, or failure to take, any action which might
in any manner or to any extent vary the risks of such Guarantor under this
Guaranty or which, but for this provision, might operate as a discharge of such
Guarantor.
(c) Certain
Waivers. Each Guarantor waives (i) any defense arising by
reason of any disability or other defense of the Issuer or any other guarantor,
or the cessation from any cause whatsoever (including any act or omission of the
Noteholder) of the liability of the Issuer;
14
(ii) any
defense based on any claim that such Guarantor’s obligations exceed or are more
burdensome than those of the Issuer; (iii) the benefit of any statute of
limitations affecting such Guarantor’s liability hereunder; (iv) any right to
require the Noteholder to proceed against the Issuer, proceed against or exhaust
any security for the Indebtedness, or pursue any other remedy in the
Noteholder’s power whatsoever; (v) any benefit of and any right to participate
in any security now or hereafter held by the Noteholder; and (vi) to the fullest
extent permitted by law, any and all other defenses or benefits that may be
derived from or afforded by applicable law limiting the liability of or
exonerating guarantors or sureties. Each Guarantor expressly waives
all setoffs and counterclaims and all presentments, demands for payment or
performance, notices of nonpayment or nonperformance, protests, notices of
protest, notices of dishonor and all other notices or demands of any kind or
nature whatsoever with respect to the Guaranteed Obligations, and all notices of
acceptance of this Guaranty or of the existence, creation or incurrence of new
or additional Guaranteed Obligations.
(d) Subrogation. Each
Guarantor shall not exercise any right of subrogation, contribution, indemnity,
reimbursement or similar rights with respect to any payments it makes under this
Guaranty until all of the Guaranteed Obligations and any amounts payable under
this Guaranty have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full. If
any amounts are paid to such Guarantor in violation of the foregoing limitation,
then such amounts shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Noteholder and
shall forthwith be paid to the Noteholder to reduce the amount of the Guaranteed
Obligations, whether matured or unmatured.
(e) Termination;
Reinstatement. (i) This Guaranty is a continuing
and irrevocable guaranty of all Guaranteed Obligations now or hereafter existing
and shall remain in full force and effect until all Guaranteed Obligations and
any other amounts payable under this Guaranty are indefeasibly paid in full in
cash. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Guaranty shall continue in
full force and effect or be revived, as the case may be, if any payment by or on
behalf of the Issuer or any Guarantor is made, or the Noteholder exercises its
right of setoff, in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations and such payment or
the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated,
declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including
pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Noteholder in its discretion) to
be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any
proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or otherwise, all as if such payment had
not been made or such setoff had not occurred and whether or not the Noteholder
is in possession of or has released this Guaranty and regardless of any prior
revocation, rescission, termination or reduction. The obligations of
each Guarantor under this paragraph shall survive termination of this
Guaranty.
(ii) Notwithstanding
Section 8(e)(i) above, if any Guarantor ceases to be a co-borrower or a
guarantor of the obligations under the Credit Agreement pursuant to
the terms thereof, such Guarantor shall be automatically released from its
Guaranty without any further action from the Noteholder.
(f) Additional
Guarantors. To the extent that any Subsidiary shall become a
co-borrower or a guarantor of the obligations under the Credit Agreement
pursuant to the terms thereof, the Issuer will cause concurrently such
Subsidiary to execute a joinder agreement in
15
form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Noteholder, whereupon such Subsidiary
shall become a “Guarantor” as defined herein.
9.
Set-Off. Notwithstanding
any provision to the contrary herein, the parties hereto agree that any Set-Off
Amount (as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement) shall be applied to reduce
this Note or the Senior Subordinated Seller Note in accordance with the
provisions of Section 9.06(d) of the Stock Purchase Agreement.
10. Successors and
Assigns. The provisions of this Note shall be
binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective
successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither the Issuer nor any
Guarantor may assign its rights and obligations under this Note other than
pursuant to a Permitted Merger. The Noteholder may at any time assign its rights
and obligations under this Note (which assignment shall be in respect of not
less than all of its obligations hereunder) to any other Person with the consent
of the Issuer, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or
delayed, provided that the
Issuer shall have been offered the right of first refusal with respect to such
assignment (other than any assignment as collateral security for Indebtedness)
for a period of 30 days and the Issuer shall have elected not to exercise such
right upon the earlier to occur of such election or the expiry of such 30 day
period, and provided further that, in no
event shall the Issuer be required to consent to a potential assignee that has
been determined by the majority of the directors of the board of directors
unaffiliated with the Noteholder to be an “Adverse Person”.
11. Definitions. As
used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following
meanings:
“Affiliate” means, with
respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with, such Person. For
purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings,
the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) with
respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the
power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such
Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise.
“Bankruptcy Code” means The
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, as codified as 11 U.S.C. Section 101
et.seq.
“Company” has the meaning set
forth in Section 1.
“Business Day” means any day
other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are
authorized to close, or are in fact closed in New York, New
York.
“Capitalized Lease” means a
lease under which the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries is the lessee or
obligor, the discounted future rental payment obligations under which are
required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee or obligor in
accordance with GAAP.
16
“Cash Management Obligations”
means any obligations of the Issuer or any Subsidiary in respect of overdrafts
and related liabilities arising from treasury, depository or cash management
services.
“Change of Control” means an
event or series of events by which any “person” or “group” (as such terms are
used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but
excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any
person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or
administrator of any such plan) (any such person or group, an “Acquiror”), other than an
Excluded Person, becomes the “beneficial owner” (within the meaning of Rules
13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), directly or
indirectly, of 40% or more of the equity securities of the Issuer entitled to
vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the
Issuer (“Issuer Voting
Securities”) on a fully-diluted basis (a “Control Interest”); provided that no
Change of Control shall be deemed to have occurred if (i) the Acquiror acquires
or has acquired any Issuer Voting Securities directly or indirectly from any
Payee Party or any Affiliate of a Payee Party at any time from and after the
date hereof or (ii) the Acquiror has entered into any agreement, arrangement or
understanding (whether written or oral) in connection with the acquisition,
disposition or voting of, or any other matter relating to, any of the Issuer
Voting Securities held by any Payee Party or Affiliate thereof (unless, in the
case of clause (i) only, the Acquiror acquires such Control Interest
pursuant to a transaction in which the Acquiror offered to acquire all
outstanding Issuer Voting Securities, so long as all holders of Issuer Voting
Securities received identical consideration in such
transaction).
“Consolidated EBITDA” means [
to conform to Credit Agreement ].
“Consolidated Net Income” means
[ to conform to Credit Agreement ].
“Consolidated Total Interest
Expense” means, for any period, for the Issuer and its Subsidiaries on a
consolidated basis, all interest and all amortization of debt discount and
expense (including commitment fees, letter of credit fees, balance deficiency
fees and similar expense) on all Indebtedness of the Issuer and the Subsidiaries
on a consolidated basis (including outstanding letters of credit), paid or
required to be paid during such period, all as determined in accordance with
GAAP, together with the portion of rent expense of the Issuer and its
Subsidiaries with respect to such period under Capitalized Leases that would be
treated as interest under GAAP.
“Credit Agreement” means that
certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October [___], 2009 (together with all
exhibits and schedules thereto and as amended, restated, amended and restated,
extended, replaced, refinanced, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing
from time to time) among the Company, as a borrower, certain subsidiaries of the
Company, as designated co-borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative
agent and the other financial institutions party thereto.
17
“Credit Facilities” means (i)
one or more debt facilities (including without limitation, the Credit Agreement)
or commercial paper facilities, in each case with banks or lenders providing for
revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing or letters of credit,
and (ii) any notes, bonds or other instruments issued and sold in a public
offering, Rule 144A or other private transaction (together with related
indentures, note purchase agreements or similar agreements), in each case as to
clauses (i) and (ii), (A) as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded,
replaced or refinanced in whole or in part form time to time and (B) excluding
Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness.
“Credit Facility Indebtedness”
means, collectively, the Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries under
any Credit Facility, including any “Obligations” under, and as defined in, the
Credit Agreement.
“Debtor Relief Laws” means the
Bankruptcy Code, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy,
assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement,
receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief laws of the
United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and
affecting the rights of creditors generally.
“Default” means any event or
condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any
notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of
Default.
“Dollar” mean lawful money of
the United States.
“Equity Interests” means, with
respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership
or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other
rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital
stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the
securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or
other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or
options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such
other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such
Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether
voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights
or other interests are outstanding on any date of
determination.
“Excluded Indebtedness” means
Permitted Indebtedness constituting (a) Indebtedness pursuant to Section
6(b)(ii)(C) or (b) Pari Passu/Junior Indebtedness.
“Excluded Person” means (a)
each Payee, his or her lineal descendants, members of his or her immediate
family and trusts for the benefit of any such individuals or the executor or
administrator of the estate or legal representative of any such individuals or
any Affiliate of any of the foregoing (the “Payee Parties”) or (b) any
“group” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934) that includes one or more Payee
Parties.
18
“Events of Default” has the
meaning specified in Section 7.
“GAAP” means generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and
pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial
Accounting Standards Board or such other principles as may be approved by a
significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States, that are
applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently
applied.
“Governmental Authority” means
the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political
subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority,
instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising
executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or
functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies
such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).
“Guarantee” by any Person (the
“guarantor”) means any
obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the
economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any
other Person (the “primary
obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including
any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or
advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or
other obligation or to purchase (or advance or supply funds for the purchase of)
any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property,
securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such
Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof, or (c) to maintain
working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or
liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such
Indebtedness or other obligation.
“Guaranteed Obligations” has
the meaning specified in Section 8(a).
“Guarantors” means the Initial
Guarantors and each Subsidiary who becomes or is required to become a Guarantor
pursuant to Section 8(f).
“Guaranty” has the meaning
specified in Section 8(a).
“Hedging Agreement” means any
interest rate protection agreement, foreign currency exchange agreement,
commodity price protection agreement or other interest or currency exchange rate
or commodity price hedging arrangement.
“Incur” means, with respect to
any Indebtedness, to incur, create, issue, assume, Guarantee or otherwise become
liable for or with respect to, or become responsible for, the payment of such
Indebtedness (and “Incurrence” and “Incurred” will have meanings
correlative to the foregoing).
19
“Indebtedness” of any Person means, without
duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money or with
respect to deposits or advances of any kind, (b) all obligations of such Person
evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all
obligations of such Person on which interest charges are customarily paid, (d)
all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention
agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (e) all obligations of
such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services
(excluding current accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of
business), (f) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of
such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured
by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the
Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (g) all Guarantees by such Person
of Indebtedness of others, and (h) all obligations under Capitalized
Leases.
“Initial Guarantors” shall mean
the Subsidiaries that are co-borrowers or guarantors on the date hereof under
the Credit Agreement.
“Insolvency Proceedings” has
the meaning specified in Section 7(e).
“Interest Charge Coverage
Ratio” means, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Issuer, the
ratio of (a) Consolidated EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters ending on such
date to (b) Consolidated Total Interest Expense for such four fiscal
quarters.
“Issuer” shall mean the Company
and its permitted successors and assigns.
“Lien” means, with respect to
any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation,
encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset, and (b) the
interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital
lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially
the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such
asset.
“Material Adverse Effect” means
a material adverse effect on the business, operations or financial condition of
the Issuer and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
“Material Subsidiary” means any
Subsidiary of the Company which at the date of determination is a “significant
subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (as such Regulation is in effect on the date
hereof).
2 To be dated the 5th anniversary of the
closing date.
20
“Note” means this Junior
Subordinated Seller Note, as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or
otherwise modified in writing from time to time.
“Noteholder” means the Payee
and his permitted successors and assigns.
“Paid in Full” means with
respect to Senior Obligations, the payment in full in cash and other
satisfaction in full of such obligations in accordance with the terms of the
applicable Senior Debt Document.
“Pari Passu/Junior
Indebtedness” means Indebtedness which is expressed to be pari passu or subordinated to
this Note.
“Payee” has the meaning set
forth in Section 1.
“Payee Parties” has the meaning
set forth in the definition of “Excluded
Person”.
“Payment Blockage Notice” means
a notice by the Senior Debt Agent (a) stating that one or more defaults shall
have occurred and be continuing under the applicable Senior Debt Document (and
listing such default(s) in reasonable detail), and (b) directing that all
payments under this Note be subject to Section 4(b).
“Payment Blockage Period” means
the period commencing from the receipt by the Issuer or the Noteholder of a
Payment Blockage Notice and ending on the earliest to occur of (a) the date on
which the default(s) listed in such Payment Blockage Notice shall have been
cured or waived in accordance with the terms of the Senior Debt Documents, (b)
if arising as a result of any default other than a payment default, 180 days
from the commencement of such period, or (c) the revocation, withdrawal or
termination of such Payment Blockage Notice by the Senior Debt
Agent.
“Permitted Indebtedness” means
Indebtedness permitted by Section 6(b).
“Permitted
Merger” has the meaning specified in Section
6(a).
“Person” means any natural
person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture,
association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other
entity.
“Repurchase Date” has the
meaning specified in Section 2(b)(ii).
“Responsible Officer” means the
chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, vice
president-finance, vice president-corporate finance, treasurer, assistant
treasurer, controller or assistant controller of the Issuer.
“Senior Creditors” means (a) as
long as the Credit Agreement has not been terminated or any obligations remain
outstanding thereunder, the holders of Senior Obligations that have entered into
an intercreditor agreement or arrangement acceptable
21
to the
Administrative Agent (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with the
Administrative Agent and (b) otherwise, the holders of the Senior
Obligations.
“Senior Debt Agent” means (a)
as long as the Credit Agreement has not been terminated or any obligations
remain outstanding thereunder, the “Administrative Agent” as defined in the
Credit Agreement and (b) otherwise, the holders of a majority of the Senior
Obligations outstanding under the Credit Facilities or their respective
representative or agent.
“Senior Debt Documents” means
collectively, (a) the “Loan Documents” as defined in the Credit Agreement and
(b) such other documents evidencing the Senior Obligations.
“Senior Obligations” means,
collectively, (a) the Credit Facility Indebtedness of the Issuer or any
Guarantor, (b) any Cash Management Obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor,
(c) all obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor under any Hedging
Agreement, (d) all obligations,
contingent or otherwise, of the Issuer or any Guarantor as an account party in
respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (e) all obligations,
contingent or otherwise, of the Issuer or any Guarantor in respect of bankers’ acceptances
and (f) all obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor as obligor in
respect of Permitted Indebtedness other than Excluded Indebtedness.
“Senior Subordinated Seller
Note” means that certain Senior Subordinated Seller Note dated October
[___], 2009 made by the Issuer and payable to the order of the
Payee(s).
“Set-Off Amount” has the
meaning specified in Section 9.
“Stock Purchase Agreement”
means that stock purchase agreement dated August 7, 2009 among the Company and
the Payees relating to the purchase and sale of 100% of the capital stock of
Xxxxxx & Xxxxx College Booksellers, Inc.
“Subsidiary” of a Person means
a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other
business entity of which a majority of the shares of securities or other
interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other
governing body (other than securities or interests having such power only by
reason of the happening of a contingency) are at the time beneficially owned, or
the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly, or indirectly through
one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise
specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall
refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Issuer.
“Uniform Commercial Code” means
the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time.
12.
Miscellaneous.
22
(a) All
financial computations required under this Note shall be made, and all financial
information required under this Note shall be prepared, in accordance with GAAP
as in effect from time to time consistently applied.
(b) No
amendment or waiver of any provision of this Note and no consent by the
Noteholder to any departure therefrom by the Issuer or any Guarantor shall be
effective unless such amendment, waiver or consent shall be in writing and
signed by the Noteholder, and any such amendment, waiver or consent shall then
be effective only for the period and on the conditions and for the specific
instance specified in such writing. No failure or delay by the
Noteholder in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate
as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude
any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other rights, power
or privilege.
(c) Except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, notices and other communications to each
party provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or
overnight courier service, mailed or sent by telecopy to the address provided
from time to time by such party. All notices and other communications
shall be effective upon receipt.
(d) If
any provision of this Note is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (i)
the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this
Note shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (ii) the parties shall
endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or
unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which
comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable
provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular
jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any
other jurisdiction.
(e) THIS
NOTE IS GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAW
RULES OF SUCH STATE. THE
ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS, FOR
ITSELF AND ITS PROPERTY, TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES
DISTRICT COURT AND EACH STATE COURT IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AND ANY APPELLATE COURT
FROM ANY THEREOF, IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS
NOTE OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, OR FOR RECOGNITION OR ENFORCEMENT
OF ANY JUDGMENT. THE ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS
TO THE SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY THE
MAILING OF COPIES OF SUCH PROCESS TO THE ISSUER OR SUCH GUARANTOR AT ITS ADDRESS
SET FORTH BENEATH ITS SIGNATURE HERETO. THE ISSUER AND EACH GUARANTOR
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY OBJECTION WHICH
IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH PROCEEDING
BROUGHT IN SUCH A COURT AND ANY CLAIM THAT ANY SUCH PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN SUCH A
COURT HAS BEEN BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.
23
(g) THE
ISSUER, EACH GUARANTOR AND THE NOTEHOLDER EACH WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THEIR RESPECTIVE RIGHTS TO A TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY
CLAIM OR CAUSE OF ACTION BASED UPON OR ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE OR
THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
(h) THIS NOTE REPRESENTS THE FINAL
AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES AND MAY NOT BE CONTRADICTED BY EVIDENCE OF PRIOR,
CONTEMPORANEOUS, OR SUBSEQUENT ORAL AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES. THERE
ARE NO UNWRITTEN ORAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
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