Joint Filing Statement

                                                                       Exhibit 1

                             Joint Filing Statement


         We, the signatories of the statement on Schedule 13D to which this
Agreement is attached, do hereby agree that such statement is, and any
amendments thereto filed by any of us will be, filed on behalf of each of us.

Dated: September 24, 1999


                                    JWA INVESTMENTS L.P.

                                    By: JWA Investments Corp., its
                                        general partner

                                    By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                        -----------------
                                        Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                        President


                                    JWA INVESTMENTS CORP.

                                    By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                        -----------------
                                        Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                        President

                                    /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxx
                                    -----------------
                                    Xxxx X. Xxxxx

                                  Page 10 of 10