This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in Item 6 that may be...

This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the
undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the
group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in
Item 6 that may be deemed to beneficially own more than five percent of the
issuer's outstanding equity securities.

         Xxxx Xxxxx Capital Management, Inc.


         By_____/s/ Xxxxxx X. Bowden__________________
                Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Senior Vice President


         LMM LLC


         By____/s/ Xxxxxxxx Murphy_____________________
               Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Chief Operations Officer


         Xxxx Xxxxx Opportunity Trust, Inc.
            a portfolio of Xxxx Xxxxx Investment Trust, Inc.


         By_____/s/ Xxxxxxx X. Merz_____________________
                Xxxxxxx X. Xxxx, Vice President