EXHIBIT 1 JOINT FILING AGREEMENT The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to which this Agreement is attached. Date: January 23, 2004 ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION for itself and as general partner of ARTISAN PARTNERS...

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

      The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.




Date:  January 23, 2004


                           ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                           for itself and as general partner of
                           ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP


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                                Vice President of Artisan Investment Corporation
                                Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                Attorney-in-Fact for ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇