1
EXHIBIT 10.2
TECHNOLOGY LICENSE AGREEMENT
This Technology License Agreement (this "Agreement") is made as of the
6th day of March, 1998 among Allergan, Inc., a Delaware corporation
("Allergan"), each Allergan Affiliate listed on the signature page hereto (an
"Allergan Affiliate") and Allergan Specialty Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware
corporation ("ASTI").
BACKGROUND
A. ASTI has been formed for the purpose of researching and developing
human pharmaceutical products, including products using Allergan Technology (as
defined herein), and commercializing such products, most likely through
licensing to Allergan.
B. Allergan and ASTI have entered into the Research and Development
Agreement (as defined herein) for the research and development of such products
and related activities.
C. Allergan is willing to grant to ASTI a license to use Allergan
Technology solely for the purposes set forth above on the terms set forth herein
and in the Research and Development Agreement and the License Option Agreement
(as defined herein).
Now, therefore, the parties agree as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the
meanings set forth below:
1.1 "Affiliate" shall mean a corporation or any other entity that
directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is
controlled by, or is under common control with, the designated party. "Control"
shall mean ownership of at least 50% of the shares of stock entitled to vote for
the election of directors in the case of a corporation, and at least 50% of the
interests in profits in the case of a business entity other than a corporation.
1.2 "Allergan Technology" shall mean all Proprietary Rights, whether
patented or unpatented, owned by, licensed to or controlled by Allergan, as of
the date of this Agreement or during the term of the Research and Development
Agreement, relating to retinoid and neuroprotective technologies, including but
not limited to Tazarotene, Memantine and other glutamate and ion channel
blockers and Allergan's and each Allergan Affiliate's rights under the
agreements listed on Exhibit A hereto. "Allergan Technology" shall also include
any additional technology which Allergan designates expressly in a writing
delivered to ASTI as Allergan Technology for purposes of this Agreement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, in no event shall "Allergan Technology"
include, and ASTI shall have no rights with respect to, (i) any topical
formulation of Tazarotene or the research, development, manufacture or
commercial sale
1.
2
or other use thereof or (ii) the commercial sale of Memantine and/or products
incorporating or based on Memantine outside of the United States.
1.3 "ASTI Product" shall mean any dosage form of a compound which is the
subject of research and development as a potential human pharmaceutical product
which has been recommended by Allergan and accepted by ASTI's Board of Directors
for development as such under the Research and Development Agreement. Such
recommendations may be made on a Field of Use basis. The following compounds
have been selected as the initial ASTI Products as of the date hereof: (i)
Tazarotene (oral), (ii) Memantine, (iii) AGN 4310 and (iv) a compound to be
selected from the RAR alpha-selective agonist class of retinoid compounds for
the treatment of various cancers.
1.4 "Developed Technology" shall mean Proprietary Rights that (a) are
first generated, conceived or reduced to practice, as the case may be, by
Allergan or by any third party in the course of performing activities undertaken
pursuant to the Research and Development Agreement or (b) are, in any manner,
acquired by, or otherwise obtained on behalf of, ASTI during the term of the
Research and Development Agreement from persons other than Allergan and are
necessary or useful to the research, development or commercialization of ASTI
Products or Pre-Selection Products.
1.5 "Distribution" shall mean Allergan's distribution of all of the
outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock of ASTI to Allergan stockholders of
record on March 10, 1998.
1.6 "Field of Use" shall mean a particular disease state or set of
related disease states.
1.7 "Infringing Product" shall mean any product sold by a third party
which infringes or is alleged to infringe any patent or patents licensed to ASTI
hereunder and covering an ASTI Product.
1.8 "License Agreement" shall mean an exclusive license agreement for a
particular ASTI Product between Allergan and ASTI, entered into as a result of
Allergan's exercise of the License Option for such product.
1.9 "License Option" shall mean the option granted to Allergan pursuant
to the License Option Agreement.
1.10 "License Option Agreement" shall mean the License Option Agreement
dated as of the date hereof between Allergan and ASTI.
1.11 "Pre-Selection Work" shall mean research and pre-clinical
development work involving one or more product candidates owned or controlled by
Allergan or a third party funded by ASTI pursuant to the Research and
Development Agreement and undertaken in order to determine the suitability of
such candidate for research and development.
1.12 "Pre-Selection Product" shall mean a product, other than one which
becomes an ASTI Product, for which ASTI funds Pre-Selection Work.
2.
3
1.13 "Pre-Existing Rights" shall mean the rights of each party other
than Allergan under the agreements listed on Exhibit A.
1.14 "Proprietary Rights" shall mean data, inventions, information,
processes, know-how and trade secrets, and patents or patent applications
claiming any of the foregoing, owned by, licensed to or controlled by a person
and which such person has the right to license or sublicense. Proprietary Rights
shall not include trademarks.
1.15 "Purchase Option" shall mean that certain option contained in
ASTI's Restated Certificate of Incorporation pursuant to which Allergan has the
right to purchase all of the outstanding shares of ASTI Class A Common Stock.
1.16 "Research and Development Agreement" shall mean the Research and
Development Agreement dated as of the date hereof between Allergan and ASTI.
1.17 "Therapeutic Agent" shall mean a drug, protein, peptide, gene,
compound or other pharmaceutically active ingredient.
2. LICENSE.
2.1 GRANT OF LICENSE. Allergan hereby grants to ASTI, on the terms and
conditions of this Agreement, a worldwide (except as set forth below), exclusive
license (subject to the Pre-Existing Rights), in perpetuity, with the right to
sublicense (as set forth below), to use the Allergan Technology to research and
develop ASTI Products, to conduct related activities (including Pre-Selection
Work), and to commercialize ASTI Products, but for no other purposes whatsoever;
provided, however, that, the foregoing license shall exclude (i) the research,
development, manufacture or commercial sale or other use of any topical
formulation of Tazarotene and (ii) the commercial sale of Memantine and/or
products incorporating or based on Memantine outside of the United States. ASTI
shall not sublicense any Allergan Technology to, or enter into other
arrangements with respect to any Allergan Technology with, any third party for
any purpose, except as set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3 hereof.
2.2 PERMITTED SUBLICENSES.
(A) Except as set forth in Section 2.2(b) hereof, ASTI may grant
sublicenses to Allergan and third parties to use the Allergan Technology solely
for the purpose of performing activities in connection with the research and
development of ASTI Products and conducting related activities (including
Pre-Selection Work); provided however, that, during the term of the Research and
Development Agreement, any such sublicenses shall be granted in accordance with
the terms of the Research and Development Agreement.
(B) If the License Option with respect to any ASTI Product in one
or more countries expires unexercised, from and after expiration of such License
Option in any such country, ASTI may sublicense Allergan Technology to a third
party or third parties solely to the extent necessary to complete the
development of, or to make (or have made) and use such ASTI Product, or to sell
(or have sold) such ASTI Product in such country.
3.
4
2.3 CONDITIONS OF SUBLICENSES. Each sublicensee shall execute such
agreements as Allergan reasonably deems appropriate to protect the Allergan
Technology and to protect Allergan's rights under all agreements between
Allergan and ASTI and under the Purchase Option. Each sublicensee shall have all
the duties of ASTI hereunder with respect to such sublicense, and each
sublicensee shall acknowledge these duties to Allergan in writing. No sublicense
shall have the effect of relieving ASTI of any of its obligations hereunder.
2.4 PRIOR AND FUTURE GRANTS. ASTI understands and acknowledges that
Allergan is in the business of researching and developing products incorporating
the Allergan Technology for its own account and under arrangements with third
parties, and as a result, the license granted hereunder is limited strictly to
use the Allergan Technology for the purpose of researching and developing ASTI
Products and conducting related activities (including Pre-Selection Work) and
commercializing ASTI Products. ASTI acknowledges that Allergan may use and may
grant third party licenses to use the Allergan Technology for any and all other
purposes.
2.5 LICENSE TO ALLERGAN. In addition, in the event that Allergan
provides ASTI with a Reversion Notice (as such term is defined in Section 2.4 of
the Research and Development Agreement) with respect to a Pre-Selection Product,
ASTI hereby grants to Allergan, effective upon the date of such Reversion
Notice, a worldwide, exclusive (even as to ASTI), perpetual license, with the
right to sublicense, to conduct research and development with respect to such
Pre-Selection Product and to make, have made, use, sell, have sold, import and
export such Pre-Selection Product, subject to Allergan's obligation to pay
Pre-Selection Product Payments and Developed Technology Royalties (as such terms
are defined in the Research and Development Agreement).
3. COVENANTS OF ASTI.
3.1 DILIGENCE. ASTI promptly shall commence and shall use diligent
efforts to develop ASTI Products in accordance with approved work plans and cost
estimates under the Research and Development Agreement, subject to Allergan
diligently undertaking its obligations thereunder.
3.2 TECHNOLOGY FEE. ASTI shall pay Allergan in arrears the following
Technology Fee payments:
(A) $833,333 per month for the first twelve months following
October 23, 1997;
(B) $558,333 per month on the same day of each of the next twelve
months;
(C) $275,000 per month on the same day of each of the next twelve
months; and
(D) $166,667 per month on the same day of each of the next twelve
months;
4.
5
provided, however, that ASTI shall no longer be obligated to make such payment
beginning with any month following the date on which the total number of ASTI
Products either under development by ASTI pursuant to the Research and
Development Agreement or licensed to Allergan pursuant to Allergan's exercise of
the License Option is less than two.
3.3 PRE-EXISTING OBLIGATIONS. ASTI agrees to perform and timely
discharge all of Allergan's and/or each Allergan Affiliate's obligations and
duties under each of the agreements listed on Exhibit A, including but not
limited to any and all royalty, milestone, non-disclosure, patent filing and/or
prosecution license grant and/or license back and/or similar or related
obligations and duties.
4. PATENTS.
4.1 INFRINGEMENT. Each party shall promptly notify the other of any
infringement or alleged infringement known to such party of any patent covering
Allergan Technology, by the manufacture, development, use or sale by a third
party of any Infringing Product.
4.2 ACTION BY ALLERGAN. Subject to the provisions of the Research and
Development Agreement and any License Agreement, in the event of any such
alleged infringement, Allergan shall have the right, at its own expense and with
the right to all recoveries, to take appropriate action to restrain such alleged
infringement. If Allergan takes any such action, ASTI shall cooperate fully with
Allergan in its pursuit thereof, at Allergan's expense, to the extent reasonably
requested by Allergan. If Allergan brings an action under this Section 4.2, the
parties shall share equally any recoveries, after Allergan is reimbursed for its
expenses of bringing the action (including reasonable attorneys' fees).
4.3 ACTION BY ASTI. If (a) the Infringing Product is substantially
similar to an ASTI Product (in that the Infringing Product incorporates the same
active Therapeutic Agent or Agents as such ASTI Product and, in the case of an
ASTI Product that utilizes Allergan drug delivery technology, a drug delivery
system substantially similar to the Allergan drug delivery system) for which the
License Option has expired unexercised, and (b) within 90 days after the written
notice from either party described above (or at any time thereafter), Allergan
has not taken appropriate action to restrain such alleged infringement, and (c)
at such time, the annualized unit sales volume of such Infringing Product in a
country over a period of at least two calendar quarters, equals or exceeds 25%
of the annualized unit sales volume of the related ASTI Product in such country
during the same period, then ASTI shall have the right, at its own expense and
with the right to all recoveries, to take such action as it deems appropriate to
restrain such alleged infringement. If ASTI takes any such action, Allergan
shall cooperate with ASTI in its pursuit thereof, at ASTI's expense, to the
extent reasonably requested by ASTI. If the third party in any such action
brings a counteraction for invalidation or misuse of a patent covering the
Allergan Technology or the ASTI Product, ASTI shall promptly notify Allergan,
and Allergan may, within six months after the notification, join and participate
in such action at its own expense. ASTI shall not settle any such action
relating to any alleged infringement which in any manner would adversely affect
Allergan Technology without the prior written consent of Allergan.
5.
6
5. CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION.
5.1 CONFIDENTIALITY. During the term of this Agreement and for a period
of ten years following its termination, ASTI shall maintain in confidence all
Allergan Technology; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall
prevent ASTI from disclosing any Allergan Technology to the extent such Allergan
Technology (a) is required to be disclosed in connection with researching or
developing ASTI Products, conducting Pre-Selection Work, conducting related
activities, securing necessary governmental authorization for the marketing of
ASTI Products, or directly or indirectly making, using or selling ASTI Products,
as permitted or provided for in the agreements between the parties, (b) is
required to be disclosed by law for the purpose of complying with governmental
regulations, (c) is disclosed in connection with any sublicense permitted
hereunder, (d) is known to or used by ASTI prior to the date hereof (other than
through disclosure by or on behalf of Allergan) as evidenced by ASTI's written
records, (e) is lawfully disclosed to ASTI by a third party having the right to
disclose such information to ASTI, or (f) either before or after the time of
disclosure to ASTI, becomes known to the public other than by an unauthorized
act or omission of ASTI or any of ASTI's employees or agents. Any disclosure of
Allergan Technology to third parties shall be made subject to similar
obligations of confidentiality on the part of such third parties. The
obligations of ASTI pursuant to this Section 5.1 shall survive the termination
of this Agreement for any reason. Any breach of this Section 5.1 may result in
irreparable harm to Allergan, and in the event of a breach, Allergan shall be
entitled to seek injunctive relief (without the need to post a bond) in addition
to any other remedies available at law or in equity .
6. DISCLAIMER.
6.1 DISCLAIMER CONCERNING ALLERGAN TECHNOLOGY. ALLERGAN DISCLAIMS ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY (A) THAT ANY ALLERGAN TECHNOLOGY, OR THE USE
THEREOF, OR ANY PRODUCTS INCORPORATING OR MANUFACTURED BY THE USE THEREOF, WILL
BE FREE FROM CLAIMS OF PATENT INFRINGEMENT, INTERFERENCE OR UNLAWFUL USE OF
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF ANY THIRD PARTY AND (B) OF THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY,
TECHNOLOGICAL OR COMMERCIAL VALUE, COMPREHENSIVENESS OR MERCHANTABILITY OF THE
ALLERGAN TECHNOLOGY OR ITS SUITABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE DESIGN, RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURE,
USE OR SALE OF PRODUCTS. ALLERGAN DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF WHATEVER
NATURE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
7. REPORTS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS.
7.1 REPORTS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS. During the term of this Agreement,
each party shall promptly inform the other party of any information that it
obtains or develops regarding the efficacy or safety of an ASTI Product and
shall promptly report to the other party any information or notice of adverse or
unexpected reactions or side effects related to the utilization or medical
administration of an ASTI Product. Further, during the term of this Agreement,
each
6.
7
party shall promptly inform the other of any information that it obtains or
develops regarding the safety of any Allergan Technology as related to the ASTI
Products. Each such party shall permit the other to comply with the adverse
reaction reporting obligations under the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act, or similar statutory provisions, and regulations thereunder and shall
assist the other party in complying therewith, with respect to the ASTI
Products. When appropriate, the parties will execute a standard operating
procedure to cover the foregoing. ASTI agrees and acknowledges that Allergan may
provide information it obtains under this Section 7.1 to Allergan's other
clients developing and/or commercializing products incorporating the same
Allergan drug delivery systems as are incorporated in the ASTI Products.
8. EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.
8.1 EFFECTIVE DATE. This Agreement shall become effective on the date of
the Distribution.
8.2 TERMINATION FOR BREACH. Either party may terminate this Agreement
effective upon the giving of written notice of such termination to the other
party in the event such other party breaches any of its material obligations
hereunder or under the License Option Agreement and such breach continues for a
period of 60 days after written notice thereof by the terminating party to the
other party.
8.3 AUTOMATIC TERMINATION. This Agreement shall automatically terminate
upon termination by ASTI of the Research and Development Agreement other than
due to a breach by Allergan, or upon termination by Allergan of the Research and
Development Agreement due to a breach by ASTI.
8.4 TERMINATION OF SUBLICENSES. Termination by Allergan of this
Agreement shall automatically terminate any sublicenses granted by ASTI
hereunder.
9. FORCE MAJEURE.
9.1 FORCE MAJEURE. Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable for
failure or delay in the performance of any of its obligations hereunder if such
failure or delay is due to causes beyond its reasonable control, including,
without limitation, acts of God, earthquakes, fires, strikes, acts of war, or
intervention of any governmental authority, but any such delay or failure shall
be remedied by such party as soon as possible after the removal of the cause of
such failure or delay.
10. INDEMNIFICATION.
10.1 INDEMNITY. ASTI shall indemnify, defend and hold Allergan harmless
from and against any and all liabilities, claims, demands, damages, costs,
expenses or money judgments incurred by or rendered against Allergan and its
Affiliates, which arise out of the use, design, labeling, manufacture,
processing, packaging, sale or commercialization of the ASTI Products by ASTI,
its Affiliates and permitted subcontractors and sublicensees (other than
Allergan and its Affiliates, subcontractors, sublicensees, distributors and
others operating under arrangements
7.
8
with or through Allergan). Allergan shall permit ASTI's attorneys, at ASTI's
discretion and cost, to control the defense of any claims or suits as to which
Allergan may be entitled to indemnity hereunder, and Allergan agrees not to
settle any such claims or suits without the prior written consent of ASTI.
Allergan shall have the right to participate, at its own expense, in the defense
of any such claim or demand to the extent it so desires.
10.2 NOTICE. Allergan shall give ASTI prompt notice in writing, in the
manner set forth in Section 11.7 below, of any claim or demand made against
Allergan for which Allergan may be entitled to indemnification under Section
10.1.
11. MISCELLANEOUS.
11.1 WAIVER, REMEDIES AND AMENDMENT. Any waiver by either party hereto
of a breach of any provisions of this Agreement shall not be implied and shall
not be valid unless such waiver is recited in writing and signed by such party.
Failure of any party to require, in one or more instances, performance by the
other party in strict accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement
shall not be deemed a waiver or relinquishment of the future performance of any
such terms or conditions or of any other terms and conditions of this Agreement.
A waiver by either party of any term or condition of this Agreement shall not be
deemed or construed to be a waiver of any other term or condition of this
Agreement. All rights, remedies, undertakings, obligations and agreements
contained in this Agreement shall be cumulative and none of them shall be a
limitation of any other remedy, right, undertaking, obligation or agreement of
either party. This Agreement may not be amended except in a writing signed by
both parties.
11.2 ASSIGNMENT. Neither party may assign its rights and obligations
hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent
may not be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, that Allergan may assign
such rights and obligations hereunder to an Affiliate of Allergan or to any
person or entity with which Allergan is merged or consolidated or which acquires
all or substantially all of the assets of Allergan.
11.3 DISPUTE RESOLUTION. In the event of any dispute, the parties shall
refer such dispute to the CEO of ASTI and the CEO of Allergan for attempted
resolution by good faith negotiations within sixty (60) days after such referral
is made. During such period of good faith negotiations, any applicable time
periods under this Agreement shall be tolled. In the event such executives are
unable to resolve such dispute within such sixty (60) day period, the parties
shall submit their dispute to binding arbitration before a retired California
Superior Court Judge at J.A.M.S./Endispute located in Orange, California, such
arbitration to be conducted pursuant to the J.A.M.S./Endispute procedure rules
for commercial disputes then in effect. The award of the arbitrator shall
include an award of reasonable attorneys' fees and costs to the prevailing
party.
11.4 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original
and all of which when taken together shall constitute this Agreement.
8.
9
11.5 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the state of California as applied to residents of
that state entering into contracts to be performed in that state.
11.6 HEADINGS. The section headings contained in this Agreement are
included for convenience only and form no part of the Agreement between the
parties.
11.7 NOTICES. Notices required under this Agreement shall be in writing
and sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by facsimile and
confirmed by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, and addressed as
follows:
If to Allergan
and/or any
Allergan Affiliate: Allergan, Inc.
0000 Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Xxxxxx, XX 00000
Facsimile: (000) 000-0000
Attention: Corporate Vice President,
General Counsel
If to ASTI: Allergan Specialty Therapeutics, Inc.
0000 Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Xxxxxx, XX 00000
Facsimile: (000) 000-0000
Attention: President and Chief Executive Officer
All notices shall be deemed to be effective five days after the date of
mailing or upon receipt if sent by facsimile (but only if followed by certified
or registered confirmation). Either party may change the address at which notice
is to be received by written notice pursuant to this Section 11.7.
11.8 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is held by a court
of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, it shall be modified,
if possible, to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid and enforceable
or, if such modification is not possible, it shall be stricken and the remaining
provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
11.9 RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES. For purposes of this Agreement, ASTI
and Allergan shall be deemed to be independent contractors, and anything in this
Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, nothing herein shall be deemed to
constitute ASTI and Allergan as partners, joint venturers, co owners, an
association or any entity separate and apart from each party itself, nor shall
this Agreement constitute any party hereto an employee or agent, legal or
otherwise, of the other party for any purposes whatsoever. Neither party hereto
is authorized to make any statements or representations on behalf of the other
party or in any way obligate the other party, except as expressly authorized in
writing by the other party. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary
notwithstanding, no party hereto shall assume or be liable for any liabilities
or obligations of the other party, whether past, present or future.
9.
10
11.10 SURVIVAL. The provisions of Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11.1, 11.3,
11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9 and this Section 11.10 shall survive the
termination for any reason of this Agreement. Any payments due under this
Agreement with respect to any period prior to its termination shall be made
notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement. Neither party shall be liable
to the other due to the termination of this Agreement as provided herein,
whether in loss of good will, anticipated profits or otherwise.
10.
11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as
of the date first set forth above.
ALLERGAN SPECIALTY
THERAPEUTICS, INC.
By: /s/ XXXXXX X. XXXXXX
--------------------------------------
Title: Chief Executive Officer
-----------------------------------
ALLERGAN, INC.
By: /s/ XXXXXX X. XXXXXX
--------------------------------------
Title: Corporate Vice President, Research & Technology
-----------------------------------------------
ALLERGAN AFFILIATES:
ALLERGAN AMERICA, INC.
By: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
--------------------------------------
Title: Assistant Secretary
-----------------------------------
ALLERGAN PHARMACEUTICALS (IRELAND) LTD., INC.
By: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
--------------------------------------
Title: Assistant Secretary
-----------------------------------
VISION PHARMACEUTICALS, L.P.
A Texas limited partnership, dba Allergan,
by Allergan General, Inc.,
its general partner
By: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
--------------------------------------
Title: Assistant Secretary
-----------------------------------
11.
12
EXHIBIT A
Exclusive License Agreement dated August 23, 1995 among Children's
Medical Center Corporation, Allergan, Allergan America, Inc. ("Allergan
America") and Allergan Pharmaceuticals (Ireland) Ltd., Inc.
("Allergan-Ireland").
License and Supply Agreement dated February 28, 1997 among Xxxx + Co.
GmbH & Co., Vision Pharmaceuticals L.P. ("Vision"), Allergan America,
Allergan-Ireland and Allergan.
Collaborative Research, Development and Marketing Agreement dated
November 20, 1996 between Cambridge NeuroScience, Inc. and Vision.
Amended and Restated Technology Cross License Agreement dated September
24, 1997 among Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Allergan and Allergan Ligand
Retinoid Therapeutics, Inc.
Cross License Agreement dated March 6, 1998 among Allergan, Allergan
America, Allergan-Ireland and Vision.
12.
