EXHIBIT I
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
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Each of the undersigned hereby agrees that the
Schedule 13G filed herewith is filed jointly, pursuant
to Rule 13d-1(f)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended on behalf of each of them.
Dated: August 11, 2008
AXA Financial, Inc.
BY: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Senior Vice President and Controller
AXA Assurances I.A.R.D. Mutuelle; AXA
Assurances Vie Mutuelle; as a group, and AXA
Signed on behalf of each of the above
entities
BY: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
