EXHIBIT 10.31.5 License Agreement, dated May 22, 2003, between Eurotech, Ltd.
and HomeCom Communications, Inc.
LICENSE AGREEMENT
This LICENSE AGREEMENT (this "AGREEMENT") effective as of May 22, 2003,
by and between Eurotech, Ltd., a District of Columbia corporation ("EUROTECH"),
and HomeCom Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("HomeCom"). Eurotech
and HomeCom are sometimes referred to herein each, individually, as a "Party"
and, collectively, as the "Parties."
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, Eurotech owns and/or has rights to certain Licensed Technology
(hereinafter defined) relating to (i) a family of radiation-resistant
encapsulating composite materials know as EKOR, including Sealer, Sealer-Plus,
Matrix, Grout, and developing Foam and StoneStor; (ii) Non-Isocyanate
Polyurethane for use in finishes, coatings, sealants, adhesives, and foams in
forms including epoxy and acrylic; and (iii) Electromagnetic
Radiography/Acoustic Core for applications in nuclear remediation, marine
detection and oil exploration;
WHEREAS, the Parties are parties to that certain License and Exchange
Agreement, dated March 27, 2003 (the "EXCHANGE AGREEMENT"), to which this
Agreement is an exhibit and pursuant to which Eurotech has agreed to enter into
this Agreement to license the Licensed Technology to HomeCom in exchange for
certain shares of capital stock in HomeCom and the other consideration contained
in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, HomeCom recognizes that the Licensed Technology represents a
valuable portfolio of technology in light of current economic, social and
political conditions;
WHEREAS, Eurotech has limited resources and believes that developing
the Licensed Technology through HomeCom is in the best interests of Eurotech and
its shareholders; and
WHEREAS, in light of the foregoing, the Parties wish to enter into an
exclusive license agreement with respect to all opportunities throughout the
world utilizing the Licensed Patents and Licensed Technology with the capability
to research, develop and commercialize Products (hereinafter defined) made in
accordance therewith, in each case under the terms and conditions set forth in
this Agreement and subject to the rights of other parties in the Licensed
Patents and Licensed Technology.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual benefit to inure to the
Parties under the Exchange Agreement, the consideration, promises, covenants and
undertakings set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by the Parties, the
Parties hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
As used herein, the following capitalized terms shall have the
following meanings. All other capitalized terms used in this Agreement are
defined elsewhere herein.
1.1 "AFFILIATE" means any person or entity controlling, controlled by,
or under common control with such Party. For purposes of this Agreement, the
term "CONTROL" shall refer to (i) the possession, directly or indirectly, of the
power to direct the management or policies of a person or entity, whether
through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise or (ii) the
ownership, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the voting securities or
other ownership interest of a person or entity.
1.2 "EUROTECH PERSONNEL" means any Eurotech employee, intern or
consultant who participates in any manner or who acquires knowledge of any test
data, clinical information or any other information resulting from any research
or evaluation program relating to the Licensed Technology which is deemed a
trade secret or confidential or proprietary to Eurotech or HomeCom, including
any independent contractor (including any consultant under an obligation of
confidentiality), or any research collaborator.
1.3 "COMMERCIAL SALE" means any sale which transfers physical
possession and title to any Licensed Product (hereinafter defined) to a Third
Party in exchange for value and after which transfer the seller has no right or
power to determine the Third Party's resale price. Transfer for research,
development or testing purposes shall not constitute a Commercial Sale.
1.4 "EFFECTIVE DATE" of this Agreement means the date first written
above.
1.5 "FIRST COMMERCIAL SALE" means the first Commercial Sale.
1.6 "HOMECOM PERSONNEL" means any HomeCom employee, intern or
consultant who participates in any manner or who acquires knowledge of any test
data, clinical information or any other information resulting from any research
or evaluation program relating to the Licensed Technology which is deemed a
trade secret or confidential or proprietary to Eurotech or HomeCom, including
any independent contractor (including any consultant under an obligation of
confidentiality), or any research collaborator.
1.7 "IMPROVED PRODUCT" means any improvement to or application of a
Licensed Product contemplated by EXHIBIT B hereto that is in suitable form for
Commercial Sale which is developed by HomeCom based on the Licensed Technology
which, in the mutual good faith determination of Eurotech and HomeCom (i)
constitutes a new Licensed Product and (ii) was not been conceived of by
Eurotech, its predecessors in interest, its licensors, the Eurotech Personnel or
their Affiliates (other than HomeCom) prior to the Effective Date.
1.7 "INVENTION" means a patentable process, application, machine or
product based on or derived from the Licensed Patents and/or the Licensed
Technology.
1.8 "JOINT INVENTION" means any Invention for which it is determined,
in accordance with applicable law, that both: (i) HomeCom Personnel or any other
persons obligated to assign such Invention to HomeCom, and (ii) Eurotech
Personnel or any other persons obliged to assign such Invention to Eurotech, are
joint inventors of such Invention.
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1.9 "LICENSED PATENTS" means any current and future Patent owned or
controlled by Eurotech (in the sense that Eurotech may grant an exclusive
license), or any of the same jointly owned or controlled by Eurotech and that
relate to the Licensed Technology, which Patents shall be the Patents and
technologies set forth on EXHIBIT A.
1.10 "LICENSED PRODUCT" means any Product (which is not a New Product
or an Improved Product) that is in suitable form for Commercial Sale.
1.11 "LICENSED TECHNOLOGY" means any and all information, and all
patentable and non-patentable inventions, improvements, discoveries, claims,
formulae, processes, methods, trademarks, trade names, trade secrets,
copyrights, technologies, data and know-how owned, licensed or controlled by
Eurotech or to which Eurotech has the right to grant licenses or sublicenses
before or during the term of this Agreement: (i) related to the technologies
and/or products described on EXHIBIT B or (ii) claimed, covered or disclosed in
any Patent, trademark, copyright or application relating to them listed on
EXHIBIT A which relates to the technologies and/or products described on EXHIBIT
B.
1.12 "NET SALES" means the gross amount invoiced for all Licensed
Products or Improved Products, as the case may be, sold by HomeCom and/or its
Affiliates in arm's length sales, less deductions for:
(a) third party sales commissions, trade, quantity and cash discounts
or rebates actually allowed or given;
(b) any tax or government charge (other than an income tax) levied on
the sale, transportation or delivery of a Licensed Product and borne by the
seller thereof;
1.13 "NEW PRODUCT" means any product or application which is developed
by HomeCom which, in the mutual good faith determination of Eurotech and HomeCom
(i) is not based on the Licensed Technology and (ii) is not a Joint Invention.
1.14 "PATENT" means (i) unexpired letters patent (including inventor's
certificates) which have not been held invalid or unenforceable by a court of
competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be taken or has been taken
within the required time period, including without limitation any substitution,
extension, registration, confirmation, reissue, re-examination, renewal or any
like filing thereof and (ii) pending applications for letters patent, including
without limitation any continuation, division or continuation-in-part thereof
and any provisional applications.
1.15 "PRODUCTS" means any products which are: (i) based upon, derived
from, identified through or related to any Licensed Technology; and/or (ii)
covered by one or more Licensed Patents and would infringe a Valid Claim
thereof.
1.16 "PUBLICATION" means any written or oral publication or disclosure
resulting from or involving the Licensed Technology and includes but is not
limited to a publication or disclosure in books, journals, theses, the media,
trade publications, scientific meetings, poster sessions, and symposia.
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1.17 "RETURNS" (or its correlatives) means returns to HomeCom of
Licensed Products sold by HomeCom for which HomeCom provides a refund in cash.
1.18 "TERRITORY" means the entire world.
1.19 "THIRD PARTY" means any person or entity other than HomeCom,
Eurotech or any Affiliate of either HomeCom or Eurotech.
1.20 "VALID CLAIM" means a claim of any issued or granted Licensed
Patent which has not been held invalid or unenforceable by final decision of a
court or other governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, unappealable or
unappealed within the time allowed for appeal, and which is not admitted to be
invalid or unenforceable through reissue, disclaimer or otherwise.
ARTICLE 2
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
2.1 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BOTH PARTIES. Each Party
represents and warrants to the other Party that: (i) it is free to enter into
this Agreement; (ii) in so doing, it will not violate any other agreement to
which it is a party; and (iii) it has taken all corporate action necessary to
authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of
its obligations under this Agreement. The Parties also incorporate by reference
herein all of their respective representations and warranties made to each other
in the Exchange Agreement.
2.2 [Intentionally Omitted]
2.3 DISCLAIMER OF OTHER WARRANTIES. EXCEPT FOR THE REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES MADE BY EUROTECH IN SECTION 2.1 HEREOF AND IN THE EXCHANGE AGREEMENT,
THE LICENSED TECHNOLOGY IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT REPRESENTATION REGARDING OR
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY OTHER
REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
ARTICLE 3
LICENSE GRANT
3.1 GRANT OF LICENSE. Subject to the terms and conditions of this
Agreement, Eurotech hereby grants to HomeCom an exclusive license throughout the
Territory to make or use the Licensed Technology and Licensed Patents in order
to create Products.
3.2 RESERVATION OF RIGHTS. The license granted in Section 3.1 of this
Agreement is subject to the rights and remedies of Eurotech contained in this
Agreement or at law or in equity.
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3.3 NO RIGHT TO GRANT SUBLICENSES. HomeCom shall not have the right to
sublicense the Licensed Technology without the prior written consent of
Eurotech, which consent may not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Any
sublicense granted by HomeCom with such prior written approval pursuant to this
Agreement, shall be consistent with the provisions of this Agreement and shall
contain such additional commercially reasonable terms and provisions as Eurotech
shall deem necessary.
3.4 INVENTIONS.
(a) PRE-EXISTING RIGHTS. Except as expressly provided herein or in an
Exhibit hereto, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as a grant to
either party of any ownership or other interest in any copyrights, patents,
trademarks, know-how, inventions, trade secrets and registrations and
applications for the registration thereof ("INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY") of the other
created on or before or after the Effective Date.
(b) DEVELOPED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. Notwithstanding the Running
Royalty provisions on Section 4.2 hereof, any and all Intellectual Property or
Inventions (other than Joint Inventions and New Products) developed by the
Parties, either solely or jointly, during the use by HomeCom of the Licensed
Technology or the development of a Licensed Product by HomeCom shall be the sole
and exclusive property of Eurotech, but all such Intellectual Property shall be
deemed exclusively licensed to HomeCom pursuant to the terms of this Agreement
on a fully-paid, worldwide and exclusive basis. HomeCom agrees to reasonably
cooperate with Eurotech to execute, or cause HomeCom Personnel to execute, any
documents necessary or desirable to secure or perfect Eurotech's legal rights
and worldwide ownership in such Intellectual Property or Inventions, including,
but not limited to documents relating to patent, trademark and copyright
applications, at Eurotech's expense. HomeCom shall not at any time, in any
manner, during or after this Agreement, under any circumstances, be entitled to
or claim any right, title or interest herein or any commission, fee or other
direct or indirect benefit from Eurotech or an Affiliate thereof in respect of
such Intellectual Property created by HomeCom hereunder. HomeCom shall have the
exclusive right to use the Intellectual Property or Inventions developed by the
Parties, either solely or jointly, during the development of a Licensed Product
by HomeCom without incurring any additional payment except with respect to the
Running Royalty obligations of HomeCom.
ARTICLE 4
ROYALTY PAYMENTS AND REPORTS
4.1 LICENSE FEE. The consideration being paid to Eurotech under the
Exchange Agreement in the form of shares of Series F Convertible Perferred Stock
and Series G Convertible Preferred Stock of HomeCom (the "SERIES F&G PREFERRED
STOCK") shall be the upfront licensing fee for Licensed Technology hereunder.
4.2 RUNNING ROYALTY.
(a) As additional consideration of the license rights set forth in
Article 3 hereof, HomeCom shall, during the periods specified in Section 4.3,
pay earned royalties on all Net Sales of all Licensed Products by HomeCom, its
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Affiliates and permitted sublicensees at the rate of seven percent (7%) of Net
Sales on Licensed Products which are not Improved Products or New Products (the
"RUNNING ROYALTY"). The Running Royalty on Improved Products shall be four
percent (4%) of Net Sales. Their shall be no Running Royalty on New Products.
Subject to Section 3.3 below, royalty rates for sublicenses approved by Eurotech
pursuant to this Agreement shall be equal to the Running Royalty.
(b) Eurotech agrees to discuss with HomeCom and give due consideration
to HomeCom's views as to other appropriate and reasonable reductions of such
rate at any time that HomeCom believes that market conditions make it
economically unreasonable to pay Eurotech a Running Royalty at the rates above
on any Licensed Product, it being understood that any change in the Running
Royalty may only be effected in a writing signed by both Parties.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the
contrary, HomeCom shall not be obligated to pay a Running Royalty to Eurotech on
Net Sales of Licensed Products or Improved Products which are Returned. In the
event that HomeCom pays a Running Royalty on Net Sales of Licensed Products or
Improved Products which are subsequently Returned, HomeCom shall inform Eurotech
in writing of such occurrence and the resulting amount of Running Royalty
attributable to such Returns, and either (i) Eurotech will refund such portion
of the Running Royalty attributable to such Returns or (ii) HomeCom will deduct
such amount from the next Running Royalty Payment, in either case, as is
mutually agreed upon by Eurotech and HomeCom on a case-by-case basis.
4.3 TERM OF RUNNING ROYALTY OBLIGATIONS. The Running Royalty
obligations specified in Sections 4.2 above shall continue as to each Licensed
Product in the Territory for the term of the last to expire of (i) the Licensed
Patent rights covering the Licensed Product and (ii) the term of confidentiality
as set forth in Section 6.1 hereof.
4.4 DATE AND PLACE OF SALE. Licensed Products shall be considered sold
when HomeCom, an Affiliate of HomeCom or a permitted licensee is paid by a
purchaser for a Licensed Product.
4.5 PAYMENTS BY HOMECOM. Subject to Section 4.2(c) hereof, Running
Royalties accruing to Eurotech pursuant to Sections 4.2 shall be paid by HomeCom
to Eurotech no later than thirty (30) days following the end of the calendar
quarter during which such Running Royalties accrued.
4.6 PLACE OF PAYMENT. All Running Royalty payments due Eurotech shall
be payable in United States dollars by wire transfer to a bank account
designated by Eurotech from time to time. HomeCom shall convert all non-U.S.
dollar sales to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates quoted in the Wall
Street Journal for the final day of each month in the relevant period for which
the Running Royalty is being paid. In the event payment of any Running Royalties
is restricted or prohibited by the laws or regulations of a particular country,
then to the extent of such a restriction and prohibition, Running Royalties
shall be paid to Eurotech in that country and in the currency of said country
into an account to be designated by Eurotech.
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4.7 THIRD PARTY CONSIDERATION. In the case of a Commercial Sale other
than in an arm's-length transaction exclusively for money, such as barter or
counter-trade, the amount of such Commercial Sale shall be calculated using the
fair market value of such Licensed Product (if higher than the stated sales
price) in the country of disposition.
4.8 TAXATION OF PAYMENTS.
(a) Insofar as any payment that is due Eurotech under this Agreement is
subject to any tax, duty, levy, or other government imposition, Eurotech agrees
to bear any and all such taxes, duties, levies or impositions. Eurotech hereby
authorizes HomeCom to withhold such taxes, duties, levies or impositions from
the payments which are payable to Eurotech in accordance with this Agreement if
HomeCom is required to do so under the laws of the United States or any country
in the Territory where such taxes, duties, levies or impositions are payable.
Whenever HomeCom deducts such tax, duty, levy or imposition from any payments
due Eurotech, then HomeCom shall furnish Eurotech with a certificate showing the
payment of thereof to the United States or any country in the Territory.
(b) In the event the Running Royalty payments which are due to Eurotech
under this Agreement are subject to value added taxation by any government, then
Eurotech shall bear such value added tax in full and HomeCom shall be reimbursed
therefor. If appropriate, Eurotech may add such value added taxes to its royalty
accounts, provided such value added taxes are credited against HomeCom's value
added tax debt and HomeCom is reimbursed in full with respect thereto.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, HomeCom shall have no liability
for any value added tax directly relating to the Running Royalties, it being
understood that HomeCom, and not Eurotech, shall have liability for value added
taxes relating to royalties from permitted sublicensees.
(c) In the event any payment by HomeCom to Eurotech is subject to a
withholding or other income tax in any country in the Territory, HomeCom shall
so advise Eurotech promptly following HomeCom becoming aware of the
applicability of any such tax. Eurotech shall have the right to contest with the
appropriate governmental body any such proposed withholding and HomeCom shall
provide, at Eurotech's expense, reasonable cooperation to Eurotech in any such
contest. HomeCom shall provide Eurotech with such receipts or other evidence of
any tax withheld as is necessary for Eurotech to claim any credit or deduction
available to it in other jurisdictions. Payments to Eurotech shall only be
reduced for withholding taxes imposed by the jurisdiction out of which the
payment is directly made to the Eurotech.
4.9 INTEREST. All payments due hereunder from HomeCom that are not paid
to Eurotech when due and payable as specified in this Agreement shall bear
interest at an annual rate equal to the prime rate ("PRIME Rate") for U.S.
dollar deposits in effect from time to time, as published daily in the Wall
Street Journal plus 3% on the principal amount owed (but not compounded) from
the date due until paid, or at such lower rate of interest as shall then be the
maximum rate permitted by applicable law.
4.10 RIGHT TO DOCUMENTATION. Upon request, Eurotech shall have the
right to request reasonable documentation of HomeCom's calculations to determine
HomeCom's Net Sales for, and Returns of, the Licensed Products and to request
discussion of such calculations with appropriate representatives of HomeCom.
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4.11 RECORDS RETENTION. HomeCom and its Affiliates (other than
Eurotech) shall keep complete and accurate records pertaining to the sale of
Licensed Products in the Territory and covering all transactions which Net Sales
are derived for a period of three (3) calendar years after the year in which
such sales occurred, and in sufficient detail to permit Eurotech to confirm the
accuracy of Running Royalty calculations hereunder.
4.12 AUDIT REQUEST. At the request and expense of Eurotech, HomeCom and
its Affiliates (other than Eurotech) shall permit an independent, certified
public accountant appointed by Eurotech acceptable to HomeCom, at reasonable
times and upon reasonable notice, to examine those records and all other
material documents relating to or relevant to Net Sales (either from HomeCom or
its permitted sublicensees) and Returns in the possession or control of HomeCom
or its Affiliates, for a period of three (3) years after such Running Royalties
have accrued, as may be necessary to: (i) determine the correctness of any
report or payment made under this Agreement; or (ii) obtain information as to
the Running Royalties payable for any calendar quarter in the case of HomeCom's
or its Affiliate's failure to report or pay pursuant to this Agreement. Said
accountant shall not disclose to Eurotech any information other than information
relating to said reports, Running Royalties, and payments. Results of any such
examination shall be made available to both Parties. Eurotech shall bear the
full cost of the performance of any such audit, unless such audit demonstrates
underpayment of royalties by HomeCom of more than ten percent (10%) from the
amount of the original Running Royalty payment made by HomeCom. In such event,
HomeCom shall bear the full cost of the performance of such audit. Eurotech
shall have no right to audit or seek payment of any Running Royalties for any
Commercial Sale after the date which is three years from the date of such
Commercial Sale.
ARTICLE 5
PATENT PROSECUTION; ENFORCEMENT; INFRINGEMENT
5.1 PATENT PROSECUTION AND MAINTENANCE.
(a) Eurotech shall continue to have full responsibility for and shall
control the preparation and prosecution of all Patents and the maintenance of
all Patents related to the Licensed Technology and included in the Licensed
Patents, provided that all actions related thereto requested by HomeCom,
including, without limitation, the filing and prosecution of foreign Patents,
shall be taken by Eurotech and HomeCom shall be a full participant in the
preparation and review of all filings. Eurotech agrees to take all actions
reasonably necessary to diligently prosecute and maintain any Patents in the
countries which HomeCom determines Patents will be filed and prosecuted, and
where the Patents will be maintained. The Parties acknowledge and agree that
they intend for Eurotech to file and prosecute Patents and maintain patents in
all major commercial markets where viable Patent protection is available. All
costs incurred as a result of the actions taken under this Section shall be
borne by Eurotech.
(b) Eurotech shall use qualified independent patent counsel to file and
prosecute all patent applications required pursuant to Section 5.1(a). HomeCom
or its representatives, at HomeCom's expense, shall be entitled to meet and
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confer with such patent counsel at reasonable times and places. Eurotech shall
promptly provide copies to HomeCom of any communications from any patent office
relating to the Licensed Technology or the Licensed Patents, and allow HomeCom
and its patent counsel the opportunity to attend (either in person or by phone)
any conferences (conducted in person or by phone) to be made with or to any
patent office regarding the Licensed Technology or the Licensed Patents. In
addition, filing deadlines permitting, at least thirty (30) days prior to the
filing of any patent application, amendment thereto, or response to any patent
office action related to the Licensed Technology or the Licensed Patents,
Eurotech shall provide HomeCom with a copy of each such patent application,
amendment or response and will provide HomeCom and its legal counsel with an
opportunity to consult with Eurotech and its patent counsel regarding the filing
and contents of any such application, amendment or response, and the advice and
suggestions of HomeCom and its legal counsel shall be seriously taken into
consideration by Eurotech and its legal counsel in connection with such filing.
Eurotech shall also provide HomeCom with copies of any patentability search
reports made by patent counsel, including Patents located, a copy of each
Patent, and each Patent that issues thereon.
(c) Eurotech shall be solely responsible for the preparation, filing,
prosecution and maintenance of all Patents relating to Intellectual Property.
HomeCom agrees to reasonably cooperate with Eurotech to document ownership of
such Intellectual Property rights according to Section 3.4(b) hereof, including
without limitation, obtaining execution of separate assignment documents for
recordation purposes in the applicable patent offices. HomeCom agrees, at its
expense, to reasonably cooperate in the preparation and prosecution of patent
applications on such Intellectual Property pursuant to Section 3.4(b) hereof.
(d) Except as provided for above in Section 5.1(c), in the event that
the Parties elect to file one or more Patents comprising Joint Inventions, the
Parties shall confer on how the preparation and prosecution of such applications
shall be accomplished. Once the Parties agree on how to proceed with respect to
the preparation and filing of Patents comprising Joint Inventions, all other
provisions of this Section 5.1 shall govern such preparation, filing,
maintenance and prosecution.
(e) Both Parties agree to cooperate with the other Party to execute all
lawful papers and instruments, to make all rightful oaths and declarations and
to provide consultation and assistance as may be necessary in the preparation,
prosecution, maintenance, and reinforcement of all such Patents.
5.2 LIMITATIONS ON PUBLICATIONS. The Parties agree that no one Party
shall publish the results of any studies, whether conducted by its own employees
or in conjunction with a Third Party, carried out pursuant to this Agreement or
confidential information received from the other Party that is relating to a
Licensed Product, without the prior written approval of the other Party. Each
Party agrees to provide the other Party with a copy of any proposed abstracts,
presentations, manuscripts, or any other disclosure which discloses clinical
study results pursuant to this Agreement or confidential information received
from the other Party at least one hundred twenty (120) days prior to their
intended submission for publication and agrees not to submit or present such
disclosure until the Party not seeking to disclose such information provides its
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prior written approval. Such written approval will not be unreasonably withheld
unless such proposed disclosure could reasonably harm or impair a Party's
intellectual property assets or may reasonably cause commercial harm to a Party.
5.3 NOTIFICATION OF INFRINGEMENT. If either Party learns of an
infringement or threatened infringement by a Third Party of any Licensed Patent
granted hereunder within the Territory, such Party shall promptly notify the
other Party in writing and shall provide in writing to such other Party with
available evidence of such infringement. Section 5.4 shall then be applicable.
5.4 PATENT ENFORCEMENT. Eurotech shall have the first right, but not
the duty, to institute patent infringement actions against third parties based
on any Licensed Patent under this Agreement. If Eurotech does not institute an
infringement proceeding against an offending Third Party within ninety (90) days
after receipt of notice from HomeCom, HomeCom shall have the right, but not the
duty, to institute such an action. The costs and expenses of any such action
(including fees of attorneys and other professionals) shall be borne by the
Party instituting the action, or, if the Parties elect to cooperate in
instituting and maintaining such action, such costs and expenses shall be borne
by the Parties in such proportions as they may agree in writing. Each Party
shall execute all necessary and proper documents and take such actions as shall
be appropriate to allow the other Party to institute and prosecute such
infringement actions. Any award paid by third parties as a result of such an
infringement action (whether by way of settlement or otherwise) shall be paid to
the Party who instituted and maintained such action, or, if both Parties
instituted and maintained such action, such award shall be allocated among the
Parties in proportion to their respective contributions to the costs and
expenses incurred in such action.
5.5 INFRINGEMENT ACTION BY THIRD PARTIES.
(a) In the event of the institution of any claim or suit by a Third
Party against HomeCom for patent infringement involving the manufacture, use,
lease or sale of any Licensed Product in the Territory, HomeCom shall promptly
notify Eurotech in writing of such claim or suit. HomeCom shall have the right
to defend such claim or suit at its own expense, and Eurotech hereby agrees to
assist and cooperate with HomeCom, at Eurotech's own expense, to the extent
necessary in the defense of such claim or suit. During the pendency of such
claim or suit, HomeCom shall continue to make all payments due under this
Agreement, but shall have a credit against Running Royalties otherwise payable
hereunder for the full amount of all costs and expenses incurred by HomeCom in
defending against such claim or suit; provided, however, that in applying the
credit against any Running Royalty payment, the amount of such payment shall not
be reduced by more than 50% and any remaining credit shall be applied against
subsequent Running Royalty payments .
(b) If as a result of any judgment, award, decree or settlement
resulting from a claim or action instituted by a Third Party, HomeCom is
required to pay a royalty or other amounts to such Third Party ("THIRD PARTY
ROYALTY"), HomeCom shall continue to pay Running Royalties for such Licensed
Products in the country which is the subject of such action, but shall be
entitled to a credit against such payments in an amount equal to the Third Party
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Royalty, but in no event shall such credit be more than the Running Royalties
due hereunder for such Licensed Products in such country which is the subject of
such action and any remaining credit shall be applied against subsequent Running
Royalty payments. In addition, if HomeCom is required to pay damages to such
Third Party, and such damages are not otherwise reimbursed by Eurotech, HomeCom
shall be entitled to a credit against Running Royalty payments in an amount
equal to such damages, to the extent paid by HomeCom to such Third Party, but in
no event shall the total credit provided hereunder be more than such Running
Royalties due hereunder for such Licensed Products in such country which is the
subject of such action. In no event shall Eurotech be obligated to return any
Running Royalty payments to HomeCom by operation of the provisions of this
Agreement.
ARTICLE 6
CONFIDENTIALITY
6.1 CONFIDENTIALITY; EXCEPTIONS. Except to the extent expressly
authorized by this Agreement or otherwise agreed in writing, the Parties agree
that, for the term of this Agreement and for three (3) years thereafter (but in
no event less than ten (10) years from the Effective Date), the receiving Party
shall keep completely confidential and shall not publish or otherwise disclose
and shall not use for any purpose other than proper performance hereunder any
information furnished to it by the other Party pursuant to this Agreement,
except to the extent that it can be established by the receiving Party by
competent proof that such information:
(a) was already known to the receiving Party, other than under an
obligation of confidentiality, at the time of disclosure by the other Party;
(b) was generally available to the public or otherwise part of the
public domain at the time of its disclosure to the receiving Party;
(c) became generally available to the public or otherwise part of the
public domain after its disclosure and other than through any act or omission of
the receiving Party in breach of this Agreement;
(d) was disclosed to the receiving Party, other than under an
obligation of confidentiality, by a Third Party who had no obligation to the
disclosing Party not to disclose such information to others; or
(e) was independently developed by or for the receiving Party by
persons not having access to such information, as determined by the written
records of such party.
Each Party may disclose the other's information to the extent such
disclosure is reasonably necessary in filing or prosecuting Patents, prosecuting
or defending litigation, complying with applicable governmental regulations
(including federal and state securities laws, rules and regulations) or
undertaking basic research with outside collaborators, provided that if a Party
is required by law to make any such disclosure of the other Party's secret or
confidential information it will, except where impracticable for necessary
disclosures, give reasonable advance notice to the other Party of such
disclosure requirement and, except to the extent inappropriate in the case of
patent applications, will use its best efforts to secure confidential treatment
of such information required to be disclosed.
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ARTICLE 7
INDEMNIFICATION
7.1 INDEMNIFICATION BY HOMECOM. HomeCom shall defend, indemnify and
hold Eurotech, its officers, directors, employees and consultants harmless from
and against any and all Third Party claims, suits or demands, threatened or
filed, ("CLAIMS") for liability, damages, losses, costs and expenses (including
the costs and expenses of attorneys and other professionals), at both trial and
appellate levels, relating to the distribution, testing, manufacture, use,
lease, sale, consumption on or application of Licensed Products by HomeCom or
its Affiliates (other than Eurotech) pursuant to this Agreement, including,
without limitation, claims for any loss, damage, or injury to persons or
property, or loss of life, relating to the promotion and advertising of Licensed
Products and/or interactions and communications with governmental authorities or
other Third Parties relating to the Licensed Products. The foregoing
indemnification shall not apply to any Third Party Claims to the extent are
caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Eurotech.
7.2 INDEMNIFICATION BY EUROTECH. Eurotech shall defend, indemnify and
hold HomeCom, its officers, directors, employees and consultants harmless from
and against any and all Third Party Claims for liability, damages, losses, costs
and expenses (including the costs and expenses of attorneys and other
professionals), at both trial and appellate levels, relating to Eurotech's
activities contemplated under this Agreement, including, but not limited to, (a)
breach of the representations, warranties and obligations of Eurotech hereunder,
or (b) any tax, duty, levy or government imposition on any sums payable by
HomeCom to Eurotech hereunder. The foregoing indemnification shall not apply to
any Claims to the extent caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of
HomeCom.
7.3 NOTICE. In the event that either Party seeks indemnification under
Sections 7.1 or 7.2, the Party seeking indemnification agrees to (i) promptly
inform the other Party of the Third Party Claim, (ii) permit the other Party to
assume direction and control of the defense or claims resulting therefrom
(including the right to settle it at the sole discretion of that Party), and
(iii) cooperate as reasonably requested (at the expense of that Party) in the
defense of the Claim.
7.4 INSURANCE.
(a) HomeCom shall obtain and maintain broad form comprehensive general
liability insurance and Licensed Products and Improved Products liability
insurance with a reputable and financially secure insurance carrier, to cover
such activities of HomeCom and HomeCom's contractual indemnity under this
Agreement. Such insurance shall provide reasonable minimum annual limits of
liability per occurrence and in the aggregate, in such amounts as to be
determined in good faith by HomeCom and Eurotech, with respect to all
occurrences being indemnified under this Agreement. Such insurance policy shall
be purchased and kept in force for a reasonable period of time, to be determined
in good faith by HomeCom and Eurotech, after the cessation of sales of all
Licensed Products and Improved Products under this Agreement
12
(b) In the event that HomeCom chooses to rely on any strategic partners
of HomeCom to satisfy any of the requirements for insurance under this Section
7.3, then HomeCom shall provide details of such coverage to Eurotech for its
information. Any such coverage must substantially comply with the form, scope
and amounts set forth in this Section 7.3(a) which are applicable to such
insurance. In the event that any such insurance is a self-insured plan, HomeCom
shall determine that such strategic partner's self-insured plan is adequate
given the financial condition of such strategic partner. At Eurotech's request,
which shall not be more frequently than annually, HomeCom shall provide Eurotech
with a certificate of such insurance or written verification by such strategic
partner of such self-insurance.
(c) At Eurotech's request, which shall not be more frequently than
annually, HomeCom shall provide Eurotech evidence of any insurance obtained
pursuant to Section 7.3(a). HomeCom shall not, and shall not permit any
strategic partner to, cancel or materially reduce the coverage of any policy of
insurance required under this Section 7.3(a) without giving Eurotech thirty (30)
days prior written notice thereof.
ARTICLE 8
TERM; TERMINATION
8.1 TERM. This Agreement shall commence as of the Effective Date and,
unless sooner terminated as provided hereunder, shall terminate as to each
Licensed Product and as to each country in the Territory, upon the expiration of
the last to expire Valid Claim of a Licensed Patent necessary for the
manufacture, use or sale of such Licensed Product in such country.
8.2 TERMINATION UPON BREACH. Failure by either Party to comply with any
of the material obligations contained in this Agreement shall entitle the other
Party to give to the Party in default written notice specifying the nature of
the default and requiring it to cure such default. If such default is not cured
within sixty (60) days after the receipt of such notice (or, if such default
cannot be cured within such sixty (60) day period, if the Party in default does
not commence and diligently continue actions to cure such default), the
notifying Party shall be entitled, without prejudice to any of its other rights
conferred on it by this Agreement, in addition to any other remedies available
to it by law or in equity, to terminate this Agreement by giving written notice
to take effect within sixty (60) days after such notice unless the defaulting
Party shall cure such default within said sixty (60) days. The right of either
Party to terminate this Agreement, as hereinabove provided, shall not be
affected in any way by its waiver or failure to take action with respect to any
previous default.
8.3 [Intentionally Omitted]
8.4 TERMINATION BY EUROTECH. Eurotech shall have the right to terminate
the license granted herein, in whole or as to any Licensed Product in any
country in the Territory, at any time, and from time to time, by giving written
notice to HomeCom, upon the occurrence of any of the following:
(a) At any time after December 31, 2003, if, at such time, there are an
insufficient number of shares of HomeCom common stock authorized in order for
Eurotech (or the holder thereof) to fully convert the shares of Series F & G
Preferred Stock acquired pursuant to the Exchange Agreement and Section 4.1
hereof into shares of HomeCom common stock;
13
(b) (i) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement,
readjustment, dissolution, liquidation or the like of HomeCom; or (iv) the
agreement or filing with any governmental authority of HomeCom to enter into or
effect any of the foregoing; or
(c) The failure of HomeCom to affect the First Commercial Sale of any
Licensed Products or Improved Products by April 1, 2006.
Such termination shall be effective immediately, and all HomeCom's
rights associated therewith shall cease, as of that date of HomeCom's receipt of
such written notice, subject to Section 8.5. Where HomeCom has outstanding
sublicense agreement(s) with a Third Party for the Licensed Product at the time
that a termination notice is given by either Party, Eurotech shall have the
right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to acquire and assume, at no cost to
Eurotech, and HomeCom shall assign and transfer all of, HomeCom's rights to the
sublicense with the Third Party.
8.5 RIGHTS TO SELL STOCK ON HAND. Upon the termination of any license
granted herein, in part or in whole or as to any Licensed Product, HomeCom shall
have the right for one (1) year or such longer period as the Parties may
reasonably agree to dispose of all Components or substantially completed
Components then on hand to which such termination applies, and Running Royalties
shall be paid to Eurotech with respect to such Components as though this
Agreement had not terminated.
8.6 TERMINATION OF SUBLICENSES. Upon any termination of this Agreement,
all sublicenses granted by HomeCom under this Agreement shall terminate
simultaneously, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of Section 8.4 and
Section 8.5 hereof. Upon such termination, HomeCom shall provide written notice
of such termination to any sublicensees and notify them of Eurotech's right to
acquire such sublicense under Section 8.4.
8.7 EFFECT OF TERMINATION. Upon the termination of any license granted
herein as to any Licensed Product in any country in the Territory other than
pursuant to Section 8.1, HomeCom shall promptly: (i) return to Eurotech all
relevant records, materials or confidential information of Eurotech concerning
the Licensed Technology relating to such Licensed Product in such country in the
possession or control of HomeCom or any of its Affiliates or sublicensees; and
(ii) assign to Eurotech, or Eurotech's designee, its registrations with
governmental authorities, licensees, and approvals of such Licensed Product in
such country.
8.8 SURVIVING RIGHTS. Termination of this Agreement shall not terminate
HomeCom's obligation to pay all Running Royalties which shall have accrued
hereunder. The Parties' obligations under Articles 6, 7 and 8 and Sections 9.6
and 9.10 shall survive termination.
8.9 ACCRUED RIGHTS, SURVIVING OBLIGATIONS. Termination, relinquishment
or expiration of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any
rights which shall have accrued to the benefit of either Party under this
Agreement prior to such termination, relinquishment or expiration. Such
termination, relinquishment or expiration shall not relieve either Party from
obligations which are expressly indicated to survive termination or expiration
of this Agreement.
14
8.10 EUROTECH CONSENT RIGHT. HomeCom shall obtain Eurotech's prior
written consent (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld) in connection
with any (i) sale of all or substantially all of the assets of HomeCom to a
Third Party (other than the contemplated sale of the existing web-hosting
business to certain of the current officers of HomeCom) or (ii) merger of
HomeCom with or into a Third Party or (iii) any written agreement to affect
either of the foregoing.
ARTICLE 9
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
9.1 RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES. Nothing in this Agreement is or shall be
deemed to constitute a partnership, agency, employee or joint venture
relationship between the Parties. Neither Party shall incur any debts or make
any commitments for the other, except to the extent, if at all, specifically
provided herein.
9.2 ASSIGNMENT. Except as otherwise provided herein, neither this
Agreement nor any interest hereunder shall be assignable by any Party without
the prior written consent of the other; provided, however, that either Party may
assign this Agreement to any wholly-owned subsidiary or to any successor by
merger or sale of substantially all of its assets to which this Agreement
relates in a manner such that the assignor shall remain liable and responsible
for the performance and observance of all its duties and obligations hereunder.
This Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the
parties and the name of a Party appearing herein shall be deemed to include the
names of such Party's successors and permitted assigns to the extent necessary
to carry out the intent of this Agreement. Any assignment not in accordance with
this Section 9.2 shall be void.
9.3 FURTHER ACTIONS. Each Party agrees to execute, acknowledge and
deliver such further instructions, and to do all such other acts, as may be
necessary or appropriate in order to carry out the purposes and intent of this
Agreement.
9.4 FORCE MAJEURE. Neither Party shall be liable to the other for loss
or damages nor shall have any right to terminate this Agreement for any default
or delay attributable to any act of God, flood, fire, explosion, strike,
lockout, labor dispute, shortage of raw materials, casualty, accident, war,
revolution, civil commotion, act of public enemies, blockage or embargo,
injunction, law, order, proclamation, regulation, ordinance, demand or
requirement of any government or subdivision, authority or representative of any
such government, or any other cause beyond the reasonable control of such Party,
if the Party affected shall give prompt notice of any such cause to the other
Party. The Party giving such notice shall thereupon be excused from such of its
obligations hereunder as it is thereby disabled from performing for so long as
it is so disabled and for thirty (30) days thereafter. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, nothing in this Section 9.4 shall excuse or suspend the obligation to
make any payment due hereunder in the manner and at the time provided.
15
9.5 NO TRADEMARK RIGHTS. Except as otherwise provided herein, no right,
express or implied, is granted by this Agreement to use in any manner the name
"HomeCom" or "Eurotech" or any other trade name or trademark of the other party
in connection with the performance of this Agreement.
9.6 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS. Except as required by law, neither Party
shall make any public announcement concerning this Agreement or the subject
matter hereof without the prior written consent of the other. In the event of a
required public announcement, the Party making such announcement shall provide
the other with a copy of the proposed text prior to such announcement.
9.7 NOTICES. Any notice required or permitted to be given or delivered
hereunder or by reason of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing
and shall be deemed to have been properly served if: (a) delivered personally,
(b) delivered by a recognized overnight courier service instructed to provide
next-day delivery, (c) sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested and first class postage prepaid, or (d) sent by facsimile transmission
followed by confirmation copy delivered by a recognized overnight courier
service the next day. Such notices, demands and other communications shall be
sent to the addresses set forth below, or to such other addresses or to the
attention of such other person as the recipient Party has specified by prior
written notice to the sending Party. Date of service of such notice shall be:
(i) the date such notice is personally delivered or sent by facsimile
transmission (with issuance by the transmitting machine of confirmation of
successful transmission), (ii) three days after the date of mailing if sent by
certified or registered mail, or (iii) one day after date of delivery to the
overnight courier if sent by overnight courier. Unless otherwise specified in
writing, the mailing addresses of the Parties shall be as described below:
(a) If to Eurotech, addressed to:
Eurotech, Ltd.
00000 Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx 000
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention: President
Fax: 000-000-0000
with a copy to:
Ellenoff Xxxxxxxx & Schole LLP
000 Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, XX 00000
Attention: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx, Esq.
Fax No.: (000) 000-0000
(b) If to HomeCom, addressed to:
HomeCom Communications, Inc.
0000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxxxx 00, Xxxxx 000
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attn: President
Fax No.: (000) 000-0000
16
9.8 AMENDMENT. No amendment, modification or supplement of any
provision of this Agreement shall be valid or effective unless made in writing
and signed by a duly authorized officer of each Party.
9.9 WAIVER. No provision of this Agreement shall be waived by any act,
omission or knowledge of a Party or its agents or employees except by an
instrument in writing expressly waiving such provision and signed by the waiving
Party.
9.10 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted
in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the
conflicts of laws principles thereof.
9.11 SEVERABILITY. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement
will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable
law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or
invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective only to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of
this Agreement.
9.12 ENTIRE AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES. This Agreement constitutes and
contains the entire understanding and agreement of the Parties and cancels and
supersedes any and all prior negotiations, correspondence, understandings and
agreements, whether oral or written, between the Parties respecting the subject
matter hereof.
9.13 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in one or more
counterparts and by facsimile transmission, and each of such counterparts, when
taken together, shall constitute one and the same Agreement.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
17
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties has caused this Agreement to be
executed by its duly authorized officer as of the day and year first above
written.
EUROTECH, LTD.
By: /s/ Xxx X. Xxxxxxxxx
-------------------------------
Name: Xxx X. Xxxxxxxxx
Title: President and CEO
HOMECOM COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
-------------------------------
Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Vice President
[Signature Page to License Agreement]
S-1
EXHIBIT A
LICENSED PATENTS
1. EKOR
a. LICENSED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. EKOR is patented in Russia by the
EuroAsian Physical Society ("EAPS"), the developer of radiation resistant EKOR,
nuclear waste encapsulant. EAPS has given assignable worldwide licensing rights
to Eurotech for the lifetime of the patent. Russian patent (#2111982) granted on
May 27, 1998 for foamed organosilicone composition (composite material EKOR).
The manufacturing process has been developed and established in the United
States by Eurotech and is protected by trade secret.
b. TRADEMARKS/TRADE NAMES. EKOR is trademarked in Russia. The EKOR
trademark is applied for in the United States. Trademark applications in Korea,
Japan, Taiwan and the European Community are in the process of being abandoned.
2. EMR/AC
a. LICENSED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. The Electromagnetic Radiography
("EMR") was invented by Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx of Detection Sciences, Inc., with
exclusive rights to worldwide nuclear remediation assigned to Trylon Metrics,
Inc. ("Trylon") in February 2001. Acoustic Core ("AC") was invented and patented
(US #4,922,467; Canada #1,299,727; and Japan #2,030,623) by Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
and assigned to Trylon in February 2001. The rights to EMR/AC for applications
for nuclear remediation, marine dredging and oil exploration markets were
licensed by Trylon to Eurotech in July 2001. The application of EMR/AC for
illicit material detection was licensed to Eurotech in October 2001 and has
subsequently been sublicensed to Xxxxxxxx Technologies, Inc.
b. TRADEMARKS/TRADE NAMES. Both Electromagnetic Radiography and
Acoustic Core were registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. These
marks were subsequently abandoned on February 14, 2002. They are therefore
unregistered trademarks.
3. HYBRID NONISOCYANATE POLYURETHANE ("HNIPU")
a. LICENSED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. HNIPU network polymers and
composites formed therefrom is patented (US 6,120,905, Europe EP 1088021, PCT WO
9965969, and Australia 4441099), which Patents have previously been assigned to
Eurotech. The method of synthesis of cyclocarbonates and nonisocyanate or hybrid
nonisocyanate network polyurethanes is patent applied for in the United States,
which patent application has been assigned to Eurotech.
b. TRADEMARKS/TRADE NAMES. HNIPU is not trademarked.
A-1
EXHIBIT B
LICENSED TECHNOLOGY
1. EKOR
a. DESCRIPTION. EKOR is a family of non-toxic advanced composite
polymer materials that provides for effective and unique means of containment of
nuclear and hazardous materials and prevents radioactive contaminants from
spreading. EKOR is available as a coating or sealing agent with varying
viscosity and as flexible or rigid foam. EKOR is a highly radiation and
corrosion-resistant material. It has been engineered for use in a wide variety
of applications in low to high level radiation and other environmentally
challenging settings in which other known encapsulants are not performing with
the same efficacy. EKOR applications range from in-situ stabilization,
containment and encapsulation to transportation and final storage and disposal.
EKOR can also assist in resolving the special challenges faced by operating
reactors in nuclear power plants and research facilities, uranium/thorium and
other mining venues, nuclear medicine and the chemical industry. EKOR products
and services have been developed under a Quality Assurance Plan that meets the
requirements of NQA-1. Each formulation has completed or is in the process of
completing performance testing conducted by certified independent laboratories.
b. PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS. EKOR is manufactured as EKOR Sealer, Sealer
Plus (spray), Grout, Matrix and with a Foam product under development.
2. EMR/AC
a. DESCRIPTION. Electromagnetic Radiography ("EMR") and Acoustic Core
("AC") provide integrated remote sensing capabilities that produce 3D images of
subsurface contaminants with a high degree of discrimination and precision. They
offer large area coverage at high resolution and are significantly more cost
effective than monitoring methods currently used for environmental assessments.
EMR is a non-intrusive sensing technology suitable for land and marine
applications. This technology is capable of detecting contaminants in
concentrations as low as upper parts per billion to lower parts per million. It
utilizes a proprietary electromagnetic signature analysis process to
differentiate and classify the unique electromagnetic signature of subsurface
contaminants. The AC and EMR technologies provide integrated remote sensing
capabilities. These technologies produce 3D images of subsurface features. The
AC technology utilizes a proprietary acoustic signature analysis process to
differentiate and classify the unique acoustic signatures of marine subsurface
contaminants.
b. PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental
Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have utilized EMR to detect and
characterize subsurface mercury and diesel fuel. The AC technology has
demonstrated applications in marine environmental assessment, including
detections of polychlorinated biphenyls. The Environmental Protection Agency and
US Army Corps of Engineers have used prototype equipment to detect
polychlorinated biphenyls in the Great Lakes. Eurotech is developing these
technologies in the nuclear remediation, marine dredging and oil exploration
markets.
B-1
3. HYBRID NONISOCYANATE POLYURETHANE ("HNIPU")
a. DESCRIPTION. HNIPU is a technology intended to improve upon
conventional monolithic polyurethanes, which have good mechanical properties,
but are porous, with poor hydrolytic stability and moderate permeability. In
addition, conventional polyurethanes require highly toxic components in their
manufacture, such as isocyanates, rendering production extremely toxic and
dangerous and HNIPU is not using such toxic components. HNIPU is a proven
non-toxic process of making polyurethane by modifying the structure of the
urethane polymer while staying in the same price range. This results in
increased hydrolytic stability and improvement of other properties. HNIPU is
modified polyurethane with lower permeability, increased chemical resistance
properties and material synthesis that has superior environmental
characteristics to conventional polyurethanes. Conventional polyurethanes have
unstable bonds that are easily hydrolyzed making the material very vulnerable to
environmental degradation. An intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed during
HNIPU synthesis that improves hydrolytic stability above conventional
polyurethanes. Materials that contain intramolecular hydrogen bonds display
chemical resistance 1.5 to 2 times greater than materials of similar chemical
structure without such bonds. HNIPUs exhibit resistance properties to chemical
degradation 30-50 percent better over conventional polyurethanes and have
significantly reduced permeability of three to four times less. HNIPUs form into
a material with practically no pores and therefore, do not absorb moisture on
the surface or in fillers during formation.
b. PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS. Certain versions of Epoxy HNIPU are finished
and Acrylic HNIPU and HNIPU Foam are under development.
B-2
