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305187.c1
Exhibit 2
BY-LAWS
OF
THE INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY FUND
(A Delaware Business Trust)
ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Principal Office
1.1 Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These By-Laws shall be subject
to the Master Trust Agreement, as from time to time in effect (the "Declaration
of Trust"), of the International Currency Fund, the Delaware business trust
established by the Declaration of Trust (the "Trust").
ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees
2.1 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held
without call or notice at such places either within or without the State of
Delaware and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine,
provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such
determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held at
any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by
the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Treasurer or by two or more
Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by the officer of the Trust calling the
meeting.
2.3 Notice. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special
meeting to send notice by mail at least forty-eight hours or [by telegram] at
least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to the Trustee at his or
her usual or last known business or residence address or to give notice to him
or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting.
Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a written waiver of
notice, executed by him or her before or after the meeting, is filed with the
records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting without
protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him or
her. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the
purposes of the meeting.
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2.4 Quorum; Adjournment; Vote Required for Action. At any meeting of
the Trustees a majority of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a
quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the
votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the
meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. At the adjourned
meeting, the Trustees may transact any business which might have been
transacted at the original meeting. Except in cases where the Declaration of
Trust or these By-Laws otherwise provide, the vote of a majority of the
Trustees present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of
the Trustees.
2.5 Participation by Telephone. One or more of the Trustees or of any
committee of the Trustees may participate in a meeting thereof by means of a
conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation
by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
ARTICLE 3
Officers
3.1 Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a
Chairman of the Board, a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary and such other
officers, including Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant
Secretaries, if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion
elect. The Trust may also have such agents as the Trustees from time to time
may in their discretion appoint. The Chairman of the Board shall be a Trustee
and may but need not be a beneficial owner of the Trust (a "Shareholder"); and
any other officer may be but none need be a Trustee or Shareholder. Any two or
more offices may be held by the same person.
3.2 Election. The Chairman of the Board, the President, the Treasurer,
and the Secretary shall be elected annually by the Trustees at a meeting held
within the first four months of the Trust's fiscal year. The meeting at which
the officers are elected shall be known as the annual meeting of Trustees.
Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Trustees at said
meeting or at any other time. Vacancies in any office may be filled at any
time.
3.3 Tenure. The Chairman of the Board, the President, the Treasurer,
and the Secretary shall hold office until the next annual meeting of the
Trustees and until their respective successors are chosen and qualified, or in
each case until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes
disqualified. Each other officer shall hold office and each agent shall retain
authority at the pleasure of the Trustees.
3.4 Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each
officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein and in the
Declaration of Trust set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident
to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a
Delaware business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees
may from time to time designate.
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3.5 Chairman; President. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the
Chairman of the Board, or, if there is none, or in the absence of the Chairman,
the President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the
Trustees.
3.6 Vice President. The Vice President, or if there be more than one
Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order determined by the Trustees (or
if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) shall
in the absence of the President or in the event of his or her inability or
refusal to act, perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall
have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
President. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Trustees may from time to time prescribe.
3.7 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial and
accounting officer of the Trust, and shall, subject to the provisions of the
Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a
custodian, investment adviser or manager, or transfer, shareholder servicing or
similar agent, be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and
accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as
may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the President.
3.8 Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be
more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Trustees
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election),
shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Trustees may from time to time prescribe.
3.9 Secretary. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the
Shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a
copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence
of the Secretary from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees, an assistant
secretary, or if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary secretary
chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid
books.
3.10 Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more
than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Trustees (or
if there be no determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in
the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal
to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Trustees
may from time to time prescribe.
3.11 Resignations and Removals. Any Trustee or officer may resign at
any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the
Chairman, the President or the Secretary or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such
resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at
some other time. The Trustees may remove any officer elected by
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them with or without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a
written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee or officer resigning and no
officer removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period
following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account
of such removal.
ARTICLE 4
Committees
4.1 General. The Trustees, by vote of a majority of the Trustees then
in office, may elect from their number an Executive Committee or other
committees and may delegate thereto some or all of their powers except those
which by law, by the Declaration of Trust, or by these By-Laws may not be
delegated. Except as the Trustees may otherwise determine, any such committee
may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided
by the Trustees or in such rules, its business shall be conducted so far as
possible in the same manner as is provided by these By-Laws for the Trustees
themselves. All members of such committees shall hold such offices at the
pleasure of the Trustees. The Trustees may abolish any such committee at any
time. Any committee to which the Trustees delegate any of their powers or
duties shall keep records of its meetings and shall report its action to the
Trustees. The Trustees shall have power to rescind any action of any
committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect.
ARTICLE 5
Reports
5.1 General. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the
time and in the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable
law. Officers and Committees shall render such additional reports as they may
deem desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 6
Fiscal Year
6.1 General. The fiscal year of the Trust shall be fixed by resolution
of the Trustees.
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ARTICLE 7
Seal
7.1 General. The seal of the Trust shall consist of a flat-faced die
with the word "Delaware", together with the name of the Trust and the year of
its organization cut or engraved thereon, but, unless otherwise required by the
Trustees, the seal shall not be necessary to be placed on, and its absence
shall not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper
executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.
ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers
8.1 General. Except as the Trustees may generally or in particular
cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases,
contracts, notes and other obligations made by the Trustees shall be signed by
the President, any Vice President, or by the Treasurer and need not bear the
seal of the Trust.
ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Share Certificates
9.1 Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for shares of
the Trust, the Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts
therefor or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record
holders of such shares, who shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes
hereunder, to be the holders of certificates for such shares as if they had
accepted such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and
agreed to the terms hereof.
The Trustees may at any time authorize the issuance of share
certificates either in limited cases or to all Shareholders. In that event, a
Shareholder may receive a certificate stating the number of shares owned by him
or her, in such form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Trustees.
Such certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by
the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimiles if the
certificate is signed by a transfer agent, or by a registrar, other than a
Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust. In case any officer who has signed
or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall cease to
be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
Trust with the same effect as if he were such officer at the time of its issue.
9.2 Loss of Certificates. In case of the alleged loss or destruction
or the mutilation of a share certificate, a duplicate certificate may be issued
in place thereof, upon such terms as the Trustees shall prescribe. The Trust
may require the owner of the lost, destroyed or mutilated share certificate, or
his or her legal representative, to give the Trust a bond sufficient to
indemnify
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it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged
loss, destruction or mutilation of any such certificate or the issuance of such
new certificate.
9.3 Issuance of New Certificate to Pledgee. A pledgee of shares
transferred as collateral security shall be entitled to a new certificate if
the instrument of transfer substantially describes the debt or duty that is
intended to be secured thereby. Such new certificate shall express on its face
that it is held as collateral security, and the name of the pledgor shall be
stated thereon, who alone shall be liable as a Shareholder, and entitled to
vote thereon.
9.4 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees may at
any time discontinue the issuance of share certificates and may, by written
notice to each Shareholder, require the surrender of shares certificates to the
Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the
ownership of shares in the Trust.
ARTICLE 10
Dealings with Trustees and Officers
10.1 General. Any Trustee, officer or other agent of the Trust may acquire,
own and dispose of shares of the Trust to the same extent as if he or she were
not a Trustee, officer or agent; and the Trustees may accept subscriptions to
shares or repurchase shares from any firm or company in which any Trustee,
officer or other agent of the Trust may have an interest.
ARTICLE 11
Amendments to the By-Laws
11.1 General. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part,
by a majority of the Trustees then in office at any meeting of the Trustees, or
by one or more writings signed by such a majority.
Adopted: October 16, 1996
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