EXHIBIT 2.1
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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER AND REORGANIZATION
among:
Rogue Wave Software, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation;
NN Acquisition Corp.,
a Delaware corporation
NobleNet, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation;
and
Xxxxx Xxxxx
As Agent
___________________________
Dated as of February 11, 1999
___________________________
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Table Of Contents
Page
1. Description of Transaction............................................ 1
1.1 Merger of Merger Sub into the Company............................ 1
1.2 Effect of the Merger............................................. 2
1.3 Closing; Effective Time.......................................... 2
1.4 Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Directors and Officers.. 2
1.5 Cash Consideration............................................... 2
1.6 Employee Stock Options........................................... 3
1.7 Other Equity Securities.......................................... 3
1.8 Closing of the Company's Transfer Books.......................... 4
1.9 Cancellation of Certificates..................................... 4
1.10 Escrow........................................................... 5
1.11 Further Action................................................... 5
2. Representations and Warranties of the Company......................... 6
2.1 Due Organization; No Subsidiaries; Etc........................... 6
2.2 Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Records................. 6
2.3 Capitalization, Etc.............................................. 7
2.4 Financial Statements............................................. 8
2.5 Absence of Changes............................................... 8
2.6 Title to Assets.................................................. 10
2.7 Bank Accounts; Receivables; Payables............................. 10
2.8 Equipment; Leasehold............................................. 11
2.9 Proprietary Assets............................................... 11
2.10 Contracts........................................................ 12
2.11 Liabilities...................................................... 14
2.12 Compliance with Legal Requirements............................... 14
2.13 Tax Matters...................................................... 14
2.14 Employee and Labor Matters; Benefit Plans........................ 15
2.15 Environmental Matters............................................ 16
2.16 Insurance........................................................ 16
i.
Table Of Contents
(Continued)
Page
2.17 Legal Proceedings; Orders........................................ 16
2.18 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement........................... 17
2.19 Non-Contravention; Consents...................................... 17
2.20 Full Disclosure.................................................. 18
3. Representations and Warranties of Parent and Merger Sub............... 18
3.1 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement........................... 18
3.2 Organization and Standing........................................ 18
3.3 Authority, Approval and Enforceability........................... 19
3.4 Compliance with Other Instruments................................ 19
4. Certain Covenants of the Parties...................................... 20
4.1 Access and Investigation......................................... 20
4.2 Operation of the Company's Business.............................. 20
4.3 Notification; Updates to Disclosure Schedule..................... 21
4.4 No Negotiation................................................... 22
4.5 Filings and Consents............................................. 22
4.6 Public Announcements............................................. 23
4.7 Tax Reserves..................................................... 23
4.8 Termination of Employee Plans.................................... 23
4.9 Termination of Non-Plan Options and Warrants..................... 23
4.10 Bridge Loan...................................................... 23
5. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub.......... 23
5.1 Accuracy of Representations...................................... 24
5.2 Performance of Covenants......................................... 24
5.3 Stockholder Approval............................................. 24
5.4 Consents......................................................... 24
5.5 Agreements and Documents......................................... 24
5.6 FIRPTA Compliance................................................ 25
5.7 No Restraints.................................................... 25
5.8 No Legal Proceedings............................................. 25
ii.
Table Of Contents
(Continued)
Page
5.9 Termination of Employee Plans.................................... 25
5.10 Due Diligence.................................................... 26
5.11 Fairness Opinion................................................. 26
5.12 Intellectual Property Assignments................................ 26
5.13 Employees........................................................ 26
6. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of the Company.................... 26
6.1 Accuracy of Representations...................................... 26
6.2 Performance of Covenants......................................... 26
6.3 Documents........................................................ 26
6.4 No Restraints.................................................... 27
7. Termination........................................................... 27
7.1 Termination Events............................................... 27
7.2 Termination Procedures........................................... 28
7.3 Effect of Termination............................................ 28
8. Indemnification, Etc.................................................. 28
8.1 Survival of Representations, Etc................................. 28
8.2 Indemnification by Stockholders.................................. 29
8.3 Threshold; Ceiling; Exclusivity.................................. 29
8.4 Satisfaction of Indemnification Claim............................ 30
8.5 No Contribution.................................................. 31
8.6 Interest......................................................... 31
8.7 Defense of Third Party Claims.................................... 31
8.8 Exercise of Remedies by Indemnitees Other Than Parent............ 31
9. Miscellaneous Provisions.............................................. 32
9.1 Agent............................................................ 32
9.2 Further Assurances............................................... 32
9.3 Fees and Expenses................................................ 32
9.4 Attorneys' Fees.................................................. 33
9.5 Notices.......................................................... 33
iii.
Table Of Contents
(Continued)
Page
9.6 Confidentiality.................................................. 33
9.7 Time of the Essence.............................................. 34
9.8 Headings......................................................... 34
9.9 Counterparts..................................................... 34
9.10 Governing Law.................................................... 34
9.11 Successors and Assigns........................................... 34
9.12 Specific Performance............................................. 34
9.13 Waiver........................................................... 34
9.14 Amendments....................................................... 35
9.15 Severability..................................................... 35
9.16 Parties in Interest.............................................. 35
9.17 Entire Agreement................................................. 35
9.18 Construction..................................................... 35
iv.
AGREEMENT AND PLAN
OF MERGER AND REORGANIZATION
This Agreement And Plan Of Merger And Reorganization ("Agreement") is made
and entered into as of February 11, 1999, by and among: Rogue Wave Software,
Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Parent"); NN Acquisition Corp., a Delaware
corporation ("Merger Sub"), NobleNet, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"); and Xxxxx Xxxxx, as agent for the stockholders of the Company (the
"Agent"). The stockholders, option holders and warrant holders of the Company
are listed on Exhibit A (each a "Stockholder" and, collectively, the
"Stockholders"). Certain other capitalized terms used in this Agreement are
defined in Exhibit B.
Recitals
A. Parent, Merger Sub and the Company intend to effect a merger (the
"Merger") of Merger Sub into the Company in accordance with this Agreement and
the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL"). Upon consummation of the
Merger, Merger Sub will cease to exist, and the Company will become a wholly
owned subsidiary of Parent.
B. This Agreement has been approved by the respective boards of directors
of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company.
C. The Stockholders beneficially own a total of 4,280,599 shares of the
Common Stock (par value $0.01) of the Company ("Company Common Stock")
constituting all of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company and 5,795,200
shares of the Company's Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A
Preferred"), constituting all of the outstanding Series A Preferred of the
Company. The Stockholders also have the right to purchase 1,243,581 shares of
Common Stock pursuant to certain stock option plans and agreements, all of which
are expected to be terminated prior to the Effective Time. One Stockholder also
has the right to purchase 80,000 shares of the Company's Series A Preferred
pursuant to an outstanding warrant.
Agreement
The parties to this Agreement agree as follows:
1. Description of Transaction
1.1 Merger of Merger Sub into the Company. Upon the terms and subject to
the conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the Effective Time (as defined in
Section 1.3), Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, and the
separate existence of Merger Sub shall cease. The Company will continue as the
surviving corporation in the Merger (the "Surviving Corporation").
1.
1.2 Effect of the Merger. The Merger shall have the effects set forth in
this Agreement and in the applicable provisions of the DGCL.
1.3 Closing; Effective Time. The consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement (the "Closing") shall take place at the offices
of Xxxxxx Godward LLP, 0000 Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx, Xxxxxxxx 0, Xxxxx 000, Xxxxx Xxxx,
Xxxxxxxxxx 00000 at 10:00 a.m. on February 26, 1999, or at such other time and
date during the period from February 24, 1999 through March 1, 1999 as Parent
and the Company may mutually agree (the "Scheduled Closing Time"). (The date on
which the Closing actually takes place is referred to in this Agreement as the
"Closing Date"). Contemporaneously with or as promptly as practicable after the
Closing, a properly executed certificate of merger conforming to the
requirements of Section 251 of the DGCL shall be filed with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware. The Merger shall become effective at the time
such certificate of merger is filed with and accepted by the Secretary of State
of the State of Delaware (the "Effective Time").
1.4 Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Directors and Officers.
Unless otherwise determined by Parent and the Company prior to the Effective
Time:
(a) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation
shall be amended and restated as of the Effective Time to conform to Exhibit C;
(b) the Bylaws of the Surviving Corporation shall be amended and
restated as of the Effective Time to conform to the Bylaws of Merger Sub as in
effect immediately prior to the Effective Time; and
(c) the directors and officers of the Surviving Corporation
immediately after the Effective Time shall be the directors and officers of
Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time.
1.5 Cash Consideration.
(a) Subject to Section 1.9(c), at the Effective Time, by virtue of
the Merger and without any further action on the part of Parent, Merger Sub, the
Company or any stockholder of the Company:
(i) each share of Series A Preferred outstanding immediately
prior to the Effective Time (if any) (excluding shares of Series A Preferred
which the holder has elected to convert to Company Common Stock immediately
prior to the Effective Time) shall cease to be an outstanding and issued share
and shall be converted into the right to receive $1.35 (representing the "Per
Share Liquidation Preference" of each share of Series A Preferred under the
Company's Certificate of Incorporation).
(ii) each share of Company Common Stock outstanding immediately
prior to the Effective Time shall cease to be outstanding and shall be converted
into the right to receive the Common Per Share Amount.
2.
(iii) each share of the common stock (par value $.001 per share)
of Merger Sub outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
converted into one share of common stock of the Surviving Corporation.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement:
(i) The "Common Per Share Amount" shall be the fraction (A)
having a numerator equal to the Remaining Cash Consideration; and (B) having a
denominator equal to the number of shares of the Company Common Stock
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time.
(ii) The "Remaining Cash Consideration" shall be the amount by
which $11,950,000 exceeds the sum of (A) the Aggregate Liquidation Preference
paid to holders of the Series A Preferred pursuant to Section 1.5(a)(iii) below,
(B) the Balance Sheet Adjustment, (C) the Option Payout Amount and (D) the
amount by which the fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with
this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby exceeds the limit set
forth in Section 9.3.
(iii) The "Aggregate Liquidation Preference" shall be the amount
determined by multiplying (A) the Per Share Liquidation Preference by (B) the
aggregate number of shares of Series A Preferred outstanding immediately prior
to the Effective Time.
(iv) The "Balance Sheet Adjustment" shall be the amount equal
to the decrease (if any) in working capital shown on the Company's Final Balance
Sheet compared to the Base Balance Sheet and shall be calculated at the
Effective Time. The Balance Sheet Adjustment shall not include the effect of any
amounts advanced by Parent to the Company prior to the Effective Time pursuant
to Section 4.10 but shall be adjusted to account for any revenue that Parent and
the Company reasonably agree to be recognizable within ten days of the Effective
Time. In addition, in the event of an increase in working capital, the Balance
Sheet Adjustment shall equal zero (0).
(v) The "Option Payout Amount" shall be equal to the amount
paid or payable by the Company to its option and/or warrant holders upon
termination of all outstanding Company Options, the Non-Plan Options and, if
applicable, the Warrant.
1.6 Employee Stock Options. At or prior to the Effective Time, each stock
option that is then outstanding under both of the Company's Stock Option Plans,
whether vested or unvested (a "Company Option"), shall be terminated as provided
for under the plan or agreement governing such option. Parent shall not assume
any Company Option. Each Person who elects to exercise a Company Option at or
prior to the Effective Time shall be considered a "Stockholder" for all purposes
of this Agreement at the Effective Time and thereafter.
1.7 Other Equity Securities. At or prior to the Effective Time, each Non-
Plan Option or Warrant that is then outstanding, whether vested or unvested,
shall be terminated as provided for under the agreement governing such Non-Plan
Option or Warrant. Parent shall not assume any Non-Plan Option or Warrant. Each
Person who elects to exercise a Non-Plan Option
3.
or Warrant at or prior to the Effective Time shall be considered a "Stockholder"
for all purposes of this Agreement at the Effective Time and thereafter.
1.8 Closing of the Company's Transfer Books. At the Effective Time,
holders of certificates representing shares of the Company's capital stock that
were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any
rights as stockholders of the Company, and the stock transfer books of the
Company shall be closed with respect to all shares of such capital stock
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. No further transfer of any
such shares of the Company's capital stock shall be made on such stock transfer
books after the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, a valid
certificate previously representing any of such shares of the Company's capital
stock (a "Company Stock Certificate") is presented to the Surviving Corporation
or Parent, such Company Stock Certificate shall be canceled and shall be
exchanged as provided in Section 1.9.
1.9 Cancellation of Certificates.
(a) At or as soon as practicable after the Effective Time, the
holders of Company Stock Certificates shall surrender their Company Stock
Certificates in exchange for the cash consideration set forth in the applicable
portion of Section 1.5. Upon surrender of a Company Stock Certificate to Parent,
together with a duly executed letter of transmittal and such other documents as
may be reasonably required by Parent, the holder of such Company Stock
Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor the cash
consideration that such holder has the right to receive pursuant to the
provisions of Section 1.5, and the Company Stock Certificate so surrendered
shall be canceled. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 1.9, each
Company Stock Certificate shall be deemed, from and after the Effective Time, to
represent only the right to receive upon such surrender the cash consideration
as contemplated by Section 1.5. If any Company Stock Certificate shall have been
lost, stolen or destroyed, Parent may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the payment of any cash consideration, require the owner of such
lost, stolen or destroyed Company Stock Certificate to provide an appropriate
affidavit and to deliver a bond (in such sum as Parent may reasonably direct) as
indemnity against any claim that may be made against Parent or the Surviving
Corporation with respect to such Company Stock Certificate.
(b) Parent and the Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to deduct
and withhold from the consideration payable or otherwise deliverable to any
holder or former holder of capital stock of the Company pursuant to this
Agreement such amounts as Parent or the Surviving Corporation may be required to
deduct or withhold therefrom under the Code or under any provision of state,
local or foreign tax law. To the extent such amounts are so deducted or
withheld, and delivered to the applicable state, local or foreign tax
authorities, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes under this Agreement
as having been paid to the Person to whom such amounts would otherwise have been
paid.
(c) Neither Parent nor the Surviving Corporation shall be liable to
any holder or former holder of capital stock of the Company for any cash amounts
delivered to any public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property,
escheat or similar law.
4.
1.10 Escrow.
(a) As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, $1,000,000 of
the cash consideration to be issued in the Merger (collectively, the "Escrow
Amount"), without any act of any stockholder of the Company, will be deposited
with the Secretary of Parent (the "Escrow Agent"), such deposit to constitute an
escrow fund (the "Escrow Fund") to be governed by the terms set forth herein and
the Escrow Agreement of even date herewith attached hereto as Exhibit D (the
"Escrow Agreement"). The Escrow Fund shall be available to indemnify the
Indemnitees as provided in Section 8. The Escrow Amount shall be comprised of
two elements, the Preferred Escrow Amount and the Common Escrow Amount. The
"Preferred Escrow Amount" shall consist of $0.10 per Preferred Share withheld
from the Per Share Liquidation Preference (5,795,200 Preferred Shares x $0.10
per Preferred Share = $579,520). The "Common Escrow Amount" shall be the
difference between the Escrow Amount and the Preferred Escrow Amount, with such
Common Escrow Amount being withheld on a pro rata basis from each Common Share
exchanged in consideration for receiving a pro rata share of the Common Per
Share Amount.
(b) Subject to the following requirements, the Escrow Fund shall
remain in existence until January 1, 2000 (the "Escrow Period"). Upon the
expiration of such Escrow Period, the Escrow Fund shall terminate with respect
to all Escrow Amounts; provided, however, that the portion of the Escrow Amount,
which, in the reasonable judgment of Parent, subject to the subsequent
resolution of the claim in the matter in the manner provided in the Escrow
Agreement, is necessary to satisfy any unsatisfied claims specified in any
Officer's Certificate delivered to the Escrow Agent prior to the expiration of
such Escrow Period shall remain in the Escrow Fund (and the Escrow Fund shall
remain in existence) until such claims have been resolved. As soon as all such
claims have been resolved, deliveries of cash to the Stockholders pursuant to
this Section 1.10(b) and the Escrow Agreement shall be made according to their
respective original contributions to the Escrow Fund. In the event less than all
of the Escrow Amount (the "Remaining Amount") is to be delivered to the former
Stockholders, the amount shall be allocated between the different classes of
former Stockholders in the following priority:
(i) First, if the Remaining Amount is insufficient to pay each
former Preferred Stockholder an amount equal to $0.10 per share, then the entire
Remaining Amount shall be paid to the former Preferred Stockholders, pro-rata
according to the number of shares of Preferred Stock they held, and no amount
shall be paid to the former holders of Common Stock; and
(ii) Second, if the Remaining Amount is sufficient to pay each
former Preferred Stockholder an amount equal to $0.10 per share, then each
former Preferred Stockholder shall be paid $0.10 per share, and any amount
remaining thereafter shall be paid to each of the former Common Stockholders,
pro-rata according to the number of shares of Common Stock they formerly held.
1.11 Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, any further
action is determined by Parent to be necessary or desirable to carry out the
purposes of this Agreement or
5.
to vest the Surviving Corporation or Parent with full right, title and
possession of and to all rights and property of Merger Sub and the Company, the
officers and directors of the Surviving Corporation and Parent shall be fully
authorized (in the name of Merger Sub, in the name of the Company and otherwise)
to take such action.
2. Representations and Warranties of the Company.
The Company represents and warrants, to and for the benefit of the
Indemnitees, and except as set forth on the Disclosure Schedule attached hereto,
as follows:
2.1 Due Organization; No Subsidiaries; Etc.
(a) The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has all
necessary power and authority: (i) to conduct its business in the manner in
which its business is currently being conducted; (ii) to own and use its assets
in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used; and (iii) to
perform its obligations under all Company Contracts.
(b) The Company has not conducted any business under or otherwise
used, for any purpose or in any jurisdiction, any fictitious name, assumed name,
trade name or other name, other than the name "NobleNet, Inc."
(c) The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign
corporation and is in good standing in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and in
every other jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify or be in good
standing would have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company.
(d) Part 2.1 of the Disclosure Schedule accurately sets forth (i)
the names of the members of the Company's board of directors, (ii) the names of
the members of each committee of the Company's board of directors, and (iii) the
names and titles of the Company's officers.
(e) The Company does not own any controlling interest in any Entity
and the Company has never owned, beneficially or otherwise, any shares or other
securities of, or any direct or indirect equity interest in, any Entity. The
Company has not agreed and is not obligated to make any future investment in or
capital contribution to any Entity. The Company has not guaranteed and is not
responsible or liable for any obligation of any of the Entities in which it owns
or has owned any equity interest.
2.2 Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Records. The Company has
delivered to Parent accurate and complete copies of: (1) the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws, including all amendments thereto; (2)
the stock records of the Company; and (3) the minutes and other records of all
meetings and other proceedings (including any actions taken by written consent
or otherwise without a meeting) of the stockholders of the Company, the board of
directors of the Company and all committees of the board of directors of the
Company. There has not been any violation of any of the provisions of the
Company's Certificate of Incorporation
6.
or bylaws, and the Company has not taken any action that is inconsistent in any
material respect with any resolution adopted by the Company's stockholders, the
Company's board of directors or any committee of the Company's board of
directors. The books of account, stock records, minute books and other records
of the Company are accurate, up-to-date and complete in all material respects,
and have been maintained in accordance with prudent business practices.
2.3 Capitalization, Etc.
(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of
13,000,000 shares of Common Stock ($.01 par value), of which 4,280,599 shares
have been issued and are outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and
6,120,000 shares of Preferred Stock, all of which have been designated Series A
Preferred Stock, of which 5,795,200 shares have been issued and are outstanding
as of the date of this Agreement. All of the outstanding shares of Company
Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock have been duly authorized and validly
issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable. No shares of the Company's equity
securities are subject to any repurchase option which is held by the Company.
(b) The Company has reserved 1,484,815 shares of Company Common
Stock for issuance under both of its Stock Option Plans, of which options to
purchase 1,183,581 shares are outstanding as of the date of this Agreement. In
addition, the Company has reserved an additional 60,000 shares of Company Common
Stock for issuance outside its Stock Option Plans, of which options to purchase
all 60,000 shares are outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (the "Non-
Plan Options"). In addition, the Company has reserved an 80,000 shares of Series
A Preferred for issuance upon the exercise of warrants, of which warrants to
purchase all 80,000 shares are outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (the
"Warrants"). Except as set forth in Part 2.3 of the Disclosure Schedule or
provided in this Agreement, (i) no subscription, warrant, option, convertible
security or other right (contingent or otherwise) to purchase or acquire any
shares of capital stock of the Company is authorized or outstanding, (ii) the
Company has no obligation (contingent or otherwise) to issue any subscription,
warrant, option, convertible security, equity security or other such right or to
issue or distribute to holders of any shares of its capital stock, any evidences
of indebtedness or any assets of the Company, and (iii) the Company has no
obligation (contingent or otherwise) to purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire
any shares of its capital stock or any interest therein or to pay any dividend
or make any other distribution in respect thereof.
(c) All outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and all
outstanding Company Options have been issued and granted in compliance with (i)
the DGCL, (ii) all applicable securities laws, and (iii) all requirements set
forth in the Contracts providing for the issuance of such shares.
(d) Except as set forth in Part 2.3 of the Disclosure Schedule, the
Company has never repurchased, redeemed or otherwise reacquired any shares of
capital stock or other securities of the Company. All securities so reacquired
by the Company were reacquired in compliance with (i) the DGCL, (ii) all
applicable securities laws, and (iii) all requirements set forth in applicable
Contracts.
7.
2.4 Financial Statements.
(a) The Company has delivered to Parent the following financial
statements and notes (collectively, the "Company Financial Statements"):
(i) The audited balance sheets of the Company as of September
30, 1997 and 1996, and the related audited income statements, statements of
stockholders' equity and statements of cash flows of the Company for the years
then ended, together with the notes thereto and the unqualified report and
opinion of Coopers & Xxxxxxx L.L.P. relating thereto;
(ii) The unaudited balance sheets of the Company as of
September 30, 1998, and the related unaudited income statements, statements of
stockholders' equity and statements of cash flows of the Company for the year
then ended, together with the notes thereto;
(iii) the unaudited balance sheet of the Company (the "Unaudited
Balance Sheet") as of December 31, 1998 (the "Statement Date"), and the related
unaudited income statement of the Company for the period then ended; and
(iv) the Base Balance Sheet.
(b) The Company Financial Statements are accurate and complete in
all material respects and present fairly the financial position of the Company
as of the respective dates thereof and the results of operations and (in the
case of the financial statements referred to in Section 2.4(a)(i) and (ii)) cash
flows of the Company for the periods covered thereby. The Company Financial
Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered (except
that the financial statements referred to in Sections 2.4(a)(iii) and (iv) do
not contain footnotes and are subject to normal and recurring year-end audit
adjustments, which will not, individually or in the aggregate, be material in
magnitude).
2.5 Absence of Changes. Since the Statement Date:
(a) there has not been any material adverse change in the Company's
business, condition, assets, liabilities, operations, financial performance or
prospects, and, to the best of the knowledge of the Company, no event has
occurred that will, or could reasonably be expected to, have a Material Adverse
Effect on the Company;
(b) there has not been any material loss, damage or destruction to,
or any material interruption in the use of, any of the Company's assets (whether
or not covered by insurance);
(c) the Company has not declared, accrued, set aside or paid any
dividend or made any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital
stock, and has not repurchased, redeemed or otherwise reacquired any shares of
capital stock or other securities;
8.
(d) the Company has not sold, issued or authorized the issuance of
(i) any capital stock or other security (except for Company Common Stock issued
upon the exercise of outstanding Company Options), (ii) any option or right to
acquire any capital stock or any other security, or (iii) any instrument
convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security;
(e) the Company has not amended or waived any of its rights under
(i) any provision of its Stock Option Plans, (ii) any provision of any agreement
evidencing any outstanding Company Option, or (iii) any restricted stock
purchase agreement;
(f) there has been no amendment to the Company's Certificate of
Incorporation or bylaws, and the Company has not effected or been a party to any
Acquisition Transaction, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock
split, reverse stock split or similar transaction;
(g) the Company has not formed any subsidiary or acquired any equity
interest or other interest in any other Entity;
(h) the Company has not made any capital expenditure which, when
added to all other capital expenditures made on behalf of the Company since the
Statement Date, exceeds $50,000 (plus, if the Closing does not occur by March 1,
1999, $25,000 per additional month or portion thereof between March 1, 1999 and
the Closing);
(i) except in the ordinary course of business and consistent with
the Company's past practices:
(i) the Company has not (i) entered into or permitted any of
the assets owned or used by it to become bound by any Contract that is or would
constitute a Material Contract (as defined in Section 2.10(a)), or (ii) amended
or prematurely terminated, or waived any material right or remedy under, any
such Contract;
(ii) the Company has not (i) acquired, leased or licensed any
right or other asset from any other Person, (ii) sold or otherwise disposed of,
or leased or licensed, any right or other asset to any other Person, or (iii)
waived or relinquished any right;
(iii) the Company has not written off as uncollectible, or
established any extraordinary reserve with respect to, any account receivable or
other indebtedness;
(iv) the Company has not (i) lent money to any Person (other
than pursuant to routine travel advances made to employees in the ordinary
course of business), or (ii) incurred or guaranteed any indebtedness for
borrowed money;
(v) the Company has not (i) paid any bonus or made any profit-
sharing or similar payment to, or increased the amount of the wages, salary,
commissions, fringe benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to,
any of its employees who are not directors or officers, or (ii) hired any new
employee
9.
(j) the Company has not made any pledge of any of its assets or
otherwise permitted any of its assets to become subject to any Encumbrance,
except for pledges of immaterial assets made in the ordinary course of business
and consistent with the Company's past practices;
(k) the Company has not (i) established or adopted any Employee
Benefit Plan, or (ii) paid any bonus or made any profit-sharing or similar
payment to, or increased the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe
benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its directors
or officers;
(l) the Company has not changed any of its methods of accounting or
accounting practices in any respect;
(m) the Company has not made any Tax election;
(n) the Company has not commenced or settled any Legal Proceeding;
(o) the Company has not entered into any material transaction or
taken any other material action outside the ordinary course of business or
inconsistent with its past practices; and
(p) the Company has not agreed or committed to take any of the
actions referred to in clauses "(c)" through "(o)" above.
2.6 Title to Assets.
(a) The Company owns, and has good, valid and marketable title to,
all assets purported to be owned by it, including: (i) all assets reflected on
the Unaudited Balance Sheet; (ii) all assets referred to in Parts 2.7(b) and 2.9
of the Disclosure Schedule and all of the Company's rights under the Material
Contracts identified in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule; and (iii) all
other assets reflected in the Company's books and records as being owned by the
Company. All of said assets are owned by the Company free and clear of any liens
or other Encumbrances, except for (x) any lien for current taxes not yet due and
payable, and (y) minor liens that have arisen in the ordinary course of business
and that do not (in any case or in the aggregate) materially detract from the
value of the assets subject thereto or materially impair the operations of the
Company.
(b) Part 2.6 of the Disclosure Schedule identifies all assets that
are material to the business of the Company and that are being leased or
licensed to the Company.
2.7 Bank Accounts; Receivables; Payables.
(a) Part 2.7(a) of the Disclosure Schedule provides accurate
information with respect to each account maintained by or for the benefit of the
Company at any bank or other financial institution.
10.
(b) Part 2.7(b) of the Disclosure Schedule provides an accurate and
complete breakdown and aging of all accounts receivable, notes receivable and
other receivables of the Company as of the date of the Base Balance Sheet. All
existing accounts receivable of the Company (including those accounts receivable
reflected on the Unaudited Balance Sheet that have not yet been collected and
those accounts receivable that have arisen since the date of the Base Balance
Sheet and have not yet been collected) (i) represent valid obligations of
customers of the Company arising from bona fide transactions entered into in the
ordinary course of business, (ii) are current and will be collected in full when
due, without any counterclaim or set off (net of an allowance for doubtful
accounts not to exceed $25,000 in the aggregate).
(c) Part 2.7(c) of the Disclosure Schedule provides an accurate and
complete breakdown and aging of all accounts payable of the Company as of the
date of the Base Balance Sheet.
2.8 Equipment; Leasehold.
(a) All material items of equipment and other tangible assets owned
by or leased to the Company are adequate for the uses to which they are being
put, are in good condition and repair (ordinary wear and tear excepted) and are
adequate for the conduct of the Company's business in the manner in which such
business is currently being conducted.
(b) The Company does not own any real property or any interest in
real property, except for the leasehold created under the real property lease
identified in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule.
2.9 Proprietary Assets.
(a) Set forth on Part 2.9 of the Disclosure Schedule is a true and
complete list of all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks,
trademark and service xxxx applications, trade names, copyright registrations
and licenses presently used by the Company or necessary for the conduct of the
Company's business as conducted and as proposed to be conducted, as well as any
agreement under which the Company has access to any third party confidential
information used by the Company in its business (the "Intellectual Property
Rights"). The Company owns, or has the right to use under the agreements or upon
the terms described in the Disclosure Schedule, all of the Intellectual Property
Rights, and has taken all actions reasonably necessary to protect the
Intellectual Property Rights. The business conducted or proposed by the Company
does not and will not, and the Intellectual Property Rights do not and will not
cause the Company to infringe or violate any of the trademarks, service marks,
trade names, copyrights, licenses, trade secrets or, to the knowledge of the
Company, patents or other intellectual property rights of any other person or
entity. To the best of the knowledge of the Company, no other Person is
infringing, misappropriating or making any unlawful use of, and no Proprietary
Asset owned or used by any other Person infringes or conflicts with, any
Intellectual Property Rights.
(b) The Company is not aware that any Key Individual or other
employee is obligated under any contract (including any license, covenant or
commitment of any nature), or
11.
subject to any judgment, decree or order of any court or administrative agency,
that would conflict or interfere with (i)the performance of such Key
Individual's or employee's duties as an officer, employee or director of the
Company, (ii)the use of such Key Individual's or employee's efforts to promote
the interests of the Company or (iii) the Company's business as conducted or
proposed to be conducted. No other person or entity (including without
limitation any prior employer of any Key Individual or of any other employee of
the Company) has any right to or interest in any inventions, improvements,
discoveries or other confidential information utilized by the Company in its
business. The Company is not obligated to make any payment to any Person for the
use of any Intellectual Property Rights. The Company has not developed jointly
with any other Person any Intellectual Property Rights with respect to which
such other Person has any rights.
(c) The Company has taken all measures and precautions necessary to
protect and maintain the confidentiality and secrecy of all Intellectual
Property Rights (except Intellectual Property Rights whose value would be
unimpaired by public disclosure) and otherwise to maintain and protect the value
of all Intellectual Property Rights. The Company has not (other than pursuant to
license agreements identified in Part 2.9 of the Disclosure Schedule) disclosed
or delivered to any Person, or permitted the disclosure or delivery to any
Person of, (i) the source code, or any portion or aspect of the source code, of
any Intellectual Property Rights, or (ii) the object code, or any portion or
aspect of the object code, of any Intellectual Property Rights.
(d) The Company has not licensed any of the Intellectual Property
Rights to any Person on an exclusive basis, and the Company has not entered into
any covenant not to compete or Contract limiting its ability to exploit fully
any of its Intellectual Property Rights or to transact business in any market or
geographical area or with any Person.
2.10 Contracts.
(a) Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule identifies:
(i) all employment and consulting agreements or arrangements,
employee benefit, bonus, pension, profit-sharing, stock option, stock purchase
and similar plans and arrangements, and distributor and sales representative
agreements;
(ii) each Company Contract relating to the acquisition,
transfer, use, development, sharing or license of any technology or any
Intellectual Property Right (other than those in substantially the Company's
standard form);
(iii) each Company Contract relating to the acquisition,
issuance or transfer of any securities;
(iv) each Company Contract relating to the creation of any
Encumbrance with respect to any asset of the Company;
12.
(v) each Company Contract involving or incorporating any
guaranty, any pledge, any performance or completion bond, any indemnity or any
surety arrangement;
(vi) any agreement with any stockholder, officer or director of
the Company, or any "affiliate" or "associate" of such persons (as such terms
are defined in the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act),
including without limitation any agreement or other arrangement providing for
the furnishing of services by, rental of real or personal property from, or
otherwise requiring payments to, any such person or entity; and
(vii) any other Company Contract that contemplates or involves
(A) the payment or delivery of cash or other consideration in an amount or
having a value in excess of $20,000 in the aggregate, or (B) the performance of
services having a value in excess of $20,000 in the aggregate.
(Contracts in the respective categories described in clauses "(i)" through
"(vii)" above are referred to in this Agreement as "Material Contracts.")
(b) The Company has delivered to Parent accurate and complete copies
of all written Contracts identified in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule,
including all amendments thereto. Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule provides
an accurate description of the terms of each Company Contract that is not in
written form. Each Contract identified in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule
is valid and in full force and effect, and, to the best of the knowledge of the
Company and the Stockholders, is enforceable by the Company in accordance with
its terms, subject to (i) laws of general application relating to bankruptcy,
insolvency and the relief of debtors, and (ii) rules of law governing specific
performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies.
(c) Except as set forth in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule:
(i) the Company has not violated or breached, or committed any
default under, any Material Contract, and, to the best of the knowledge of the
Company, no other Person has violated or breached, or committed any default
under, any Material Contract;
(ii) to the best of the knowledge of the Company, no event has
occurred, and no circumstance or condition exists, that (with or without notice
or lapse of time) will, or could reasonably be expected to, (A) result in a
violation or breach of any of the provisions of any Material Contract, (B) give
any Person the right to declare a default or exercise any remedy under any
Material Contract, (C) give any Person the right to accelerate the maturity or
performance of any Material Contract, or (D) give any Person the right to
cancel, terminate or modify any Material Contract;
(iii) since inception, the Company has not received any notice
or other communication regarding any actual or possible violation or breach of,
or default under, any Material Contract; and
13.
(iv) the Company has not waived any of its material rights
under any Material Contract.
(d) No Person is renegotiating, or has a right pursuant to the terms
of any Company Contract to renegotiate, any amount paid or payable to the
Company under any Material Contract or any other material term or provision of
any Material Contract.
2.11 Liabilities. The Company has no accrued, contingent or other
liabilities of any nature, either matured or unmatured (whether or not required
to be reflected in financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and whether due or to become due), except for: (a)
liabilities identified as such in the "liabilities" column of the Unaudited
Balance Sheet; (b) accounts payable or accrued salaries that have been incurred
by the Company since the Statement Date in the ordinary course of business and
consistent with the Company's past practices; and (c) liabilities under the
Material Contracts identified in Part 2.10 of the Disclosure Schedule, to the
extent the nature and magnitude of such liabilities can be specifically
ascertained by reference to the text of such Company Contracts.
2.12 Compliance with Legal Requirements. The Company is, and to the
knowledge of the Company has at all times since inception been, in compliance
with all applicable Legal Requirements and Governmental Authorizations, except
where the failure to comply with such Legal Requirements or Governmental
Authorizations has not had and will not have a Material Adverse Effect on the
Company, and the Company has not received any written notice or other written
communication from any Governmental Body regarding any actual or possible
failure to so comply.
2.13 Tax Matters.
(a) All Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of the
Company with any Governmental Body with respect to any taxable period ending on
or before the Closing Date (the "Company Returns") (i) have been or will be
filed on or before the applicable due date (including any extensions of such due
date), and (ii) have been, or will be when filed, accurately and completely
prepared in all material respects in compliance with all applicable Legal
Requirements. All amounts shown on the Company Returns to be due on or before
the Closing Date have been or will be paid on or before the Closing Date. The
Company has delivered to Parent accurate and complete copies of all Company
Returns filed in the past two years.
(b) The Company Financial Statements fully accrue all actual and
contingent liabilities for Taxes with respect to all periods through the dates
thereof in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company
has established, in the ordinary course of business and consistent with its past
practices, reserves adequate for the payment of all Taxes for the period from
the Statement Date through the date of the Base Balance Sheet.
(c) No Company Return relating to income Taxes has ever been
examined or audited by any Governmental Body. There have been no examinations or
audits of any Company Return. No extension or waiver of the limitation period
applicable to any of the
14.
Company Returns has been granted (by the Company or any other Person), and no
such extension or waiver has been requested from the Company.
(d) No claim or Proceeding is pending or has been threatened against
or with respect to the Company in respect of any Tax. There are no unsatisfied
liabilities for Taxes (including liabilities for interest, additions to tax and
penalties thereon and related expenses) with respect to any notice of deficiency
or similar document received by the Company with respect to any Tax (other than
liabilities for Taxes asserted under any such notice of deficiency or similar
document which are being contested in good faith by the Company and with respect
to which adequate reserves for payment have been established). There are no
liens for Taxes upon any of the assets of the Company except liens for current
Taxes yet due and payable. The Company has not entered into or become bound by
any agreement or consent pursuant to Section 341(f) of the Code. The Company has
not been, and the Company will not be, required to include any adjustment in
taxable income for any tax period (or portion thereof) pursuant to Section 481
or 263A of the Code or any comparable provision under state or foreign Tax laws
as a result of transactions or events occurring, or accounting methods employed,
prior to the Closing.
(e) There is no agreement, plan, arrangement or other Contract
covering any employee or independent contractor or former employee or
independent contractor of the Company that, considered individually or
considered collectively with any other such Contracts, will, or could reasonably
be expected to, give rise directly or indirectly to the payment of any amount
that would not be deductible pursuant to Section 280G or Section 162 of the
Code. The Company is not, and has never been, a party to or bound by any tax
indemnity agreement, tax sharing agreement, tax allocation agreement or similar
Contract.
2.14 Employee and Labor Matters; Benefit Plans.
(a) The Company does not have or otherwise contribute to or
participate in any employee benefit plan subject to the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 other than offering a non-contributory 401(k) plan,
life insurance, a medical benefit plan, and short and long term disability
insurance plans to its employees with respect to which the Company has made all
required contributions and has complied with all applicable laws.
(b) Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this
Agreement, nor the consummation of the Merger or any of the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, will result in any payment (including any bonus,
golden parachute or severance payment) to any current or former Employee or
director of the Company (whether or not under any Plan), or materially increase
the benefits payable under any Plan, or result in any acceleration of the time
of payment or vesting of any such benefits.
(c) The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all
applicable Legal Requirements and Contracts relating to employment, employment
practices, wages, bonuses, employee benefit plans and terms and conditions of
employment, including employee compensation matters.
15.
2.15 Environmental Matters. The Company is in compliance in all material
respects with all applicable Environmental Laws, which compliance includes the
possession by the Company of all permits and other Governmental Authorizations
required under applicable Environmental Laws, and compliance with the terms and
conditions thereof. The Company has not received any notice or other
communication (in writing or otherwise), whether from a Governmental Body,
citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company is not in
compliance with any Environmental Law. To the knowledge of the Company, no
current or prior owner of any property leased or controlled by the Company has
received any notice or other communication (in writing or otherwise), whether
from a Government Body, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that
such current or prior owner or the Company is not in compliance with any
Environmental Law. (For purposes of this Section 2.15: (i) "Environmental Law"
means any federal, state, local or foreign Legal Requirement relating to
pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient
air, surface water, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), including
any law or regulation relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened
releases of Materials of Environmental Concern, or otherwise relating to the
manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal,
transport or handling of Materials of Environmental Concern; and (ii) "Materials
of Environmental Concern" include chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes,
toxic substances, petroleum and petroleum products and any other substance that
is now or hereafter regulated by any Environmental Law or that is otherwise a
danger to health, reproduction or the environment.
2.16 Insurance. The Disclosure Schedule identifies all insurance policies
maintained by, at the expense of or for the benefit of the Company and
identifies any material claims made thereunder. Each of the insurance policies
identified in the Disclosure Schedule is in full force and effect. Since
inception, the Company has not received any notice or other communication
regarding any actual or possible (a) cancellation or invalidation of any
insurance policy, (b) refusal of any coverage or rejection of any claim under
any insurance policy, or (c) material adjustment in the amount of the premiums
payable with respect to any insurance policy.
2.17 Legal Proceedings; Orders.
(a) There is no pending Legal Proceeding, and (to the best of the
knowledge of the Company) no Person has threatened in writing to commence any
Legal Proceeding: (i) that involves the Company or any of the assets owned or
used by the Company or any Person whose liability the Company has or may have
retained or assumed, either contractually or by operation of law; or (ii) that
challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal
or otherwise interfering with, the Merger or any of the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. To the knowledge of the Company, no event has
occurred, and no claim, dispute or other condition or circumstance exists, that
will, or that could reasonably be expected to, give rise to or serve as a basis
for the commencement of any such Legal Proceeding.
(b) Except as set forth on Part 2.17 of the Disclosure Schedules,
since January 1, 1997 no Legal Proceeding has been commenced by, settled by or
pending against the Company.
16.
(c) There is no order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which
the Company, or any of the assets owned or used by the Company, is subject. To
the knowledge of the Company, none of the Stockholders is subject to any order,
writ, injunction, judgment or decree that relates to the Company's business or
to any of the assets owned or used by the Company. To the knowledge of the
Company, no officer or other employee of the Company is subject to any order,
writ, injunction, judgment or decree that prohibits such officer or other
employee from engaging in or continuing any conduct, activity or practice
relating to the Company's business.
2.18 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement. The Company has the absolute
and unrestricted right, power and authority to enter into and to perform its
obligations under this Agreement; and the execution, delivery and performance by
the Company of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action
on the part of the Company and its board of directors. This Agreement
constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to (i) laws of general
application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors, and
(ii) rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other
equitable remedies.
2.19 Non-Contravention; Consents. Neither (1) the execution, delivery or
performance of this Agreement or any of the other agreements referred to in this
Agreement, nor (2) the consummation of the Merger or any of the other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, will directly or indirectly (with
or without notice or lapse of time):
(a) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of (i) any of
the provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws, or (ii)
any resolution adopted by the Company's stockholders, the Company's board of
directors or any committee of the Company's board of directors;
(b) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of, or give
any Governmental Body or other Person the right to challenge any of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or to exercise any remedy or obtain
any relief under, any Legal Requirement or any order, writ, injunction, judgment
or decree to which the Company, or any of the assets owned or used by the
Company, is subject;
(c) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of any of the
terms or requirements of, or give any Governmental Body the right to revoke,
withdraw, suspend, cancel, terminate or modify, any Governmental Authorization
that is held by the Company or that otherwise relates to the Company's business
or to any of the assets owned or used by the Company;
(d) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach of,
or result in a default under, any provision of any Company Contract that is or
would constitute a Material Contract, or give any Person the right to (i)
declare a default or exercise any remedy under any such Material Contract, (ii)
accelerate the maturity or performance of any such Material Contract, or (iii)
cancel, terminate or modify any such Material Contract; or
17.
(e) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach of,
or result in a default under, any provision of the Company's Stock Option Plans
or the option agreements outstanding thereunder; or
(f) result in the imposition or creation of any lien or other
Encumbrance upon or with respect to any asset owned or used by the Company
(except for minor liens that will not, in any case or in the aggregate,
materially detract from the value of the assets subject thereto or materially
impair the operations of the Company).
Other than the approval of the Company's Stockholders, the Company is not and
will not be required to make any filing with or give any notice to, or to obtain
any Consent from, any Person in connection with (x) the execution, delivery or
performance of this Agreement or any of the other agreements referred to in this
Agreement, or (y) the consummation of the Merger or any of the other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
2.20 Full Disclosure. This Agreement (including the Disclosure Schedule)
does not, and the Closing Certificate will not, (i) contain any representation,
warranty or information that is false or misleading with respect to any material
fact, or (ii) omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
representations, warranties and information contained and to be contained herein
and therein (in the light of the circumstances under which such representations,
warranties and information were or will be made or provided) not false or
misleading.
3. Representations and Warranties of Parent and Merger Sub.
Parent and Merger Sub jointly and severally represent and warrant to
the Company and the Stockholders as follows:
3.1 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement. Parent and Merger Sub have
the absolute and unrestricted right, power and authority to enter into and
perform their obligations under this Agreement; and the execution, delivery and
performance by Parent and Merger Sub of this Agreement have been duly authorized
by all necessary action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub and their
respective boards of directors. No vote of Parent's stockholders is needed to
approve the Merger. This Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding
obligation of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against them in accordance with
its terms, subject to (i) laws of general application relating to bankruptcy,
insolvency and the relief of debtors, and (ii) rules of law governing specific
performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies.
3.2 Organization and Standing. Each of the Parent and Merger Sub is a
corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws
of the State of Delaware, has all requisite corporate power and authority to
own, operate and lease its properties and carry on its business as now
conducted, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a
foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify
would have a Material Adverse Effect. Whenever used in this Section 3, "Material
Adverse Effect" shall mean a material adverse effect on the business,
properties, prospects, condition (financial or otherwise) or results in
operations of Parent and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
18.
3.3 Authority, Approval and Enforceability.
(a) The execution and delivery by each of Parent and Merger Sub, as
the case may be, of this Agreement does not, and the performance and
consummation of the Transactions will not, result in or give rise to (with or
without the giving of notice or the lapse of time, or both) any conflict with,
breach or violation of, or default, termination, forfeiture or acceleration of
obligations under, any terms or provisions of its (i) Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws, as the case may be, (ii) to the knowledge of Parent,
any statute, rule, regulation or any judicial, governmental, regulatory or
administrative decree, order or judgment applicable to them, or (iii) any
material agreement, lease or other instrument to which its is a party or to
which it or any of its assets may be bound and which has been filed as an
exhibit to any of the Parent SEC Documents.
(b) No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or
registration, declaration or filing with, any governmental entity is required by
or with respect to Parent or Merger Sub in connection with the execution and
delivery of this Agreement or the consummation by Parent or Merger Sub of the
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, except for (a) the filing of this
Agreement and officers' certificates with the Delaware Secretary of State and
appropriate documents with the relevant authorities of other states in which
Parent and Merger Sub are qualified to do business, (b) such consents, approvals
orders, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under
state securities or Blue Sky laws, (c) such consents, approvals, orders,
authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings as may be required under
the HSR Act.
(c) This Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of
Parent and/or Merger Sub, enforceable against them in accordance with its terms,
except as such enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally
and subject to general equitable principles.
3.4 Compliance with Other Instruments. Parent is not in violation of any
term of its Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or in any material respect
of any agreement filed as an exhibit to any registration statements or reports
filed with the SEC by Parent, and to the knowledge of Parent, is not in
violation of any order, statute, rule or regulation applicable to Parent. To the
knowledge of Parent, the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not conflict with or
result in any violation of any material statute, law, rule, regulation,
judgment, order, decree or ordinance applicable to Parent or Merger Sub or their
respective properties or assets, or conflict with or result in any breach or
default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise
to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to
loss of a material benefit, under (i) any provision of the Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws of Parent or Merger Sub or (ii) any material agreement,
contract, note, mortgage, indenture, lease, instrument, permit, concession,
franchise or license to which Parent or Merger Sub is a party or by which Parent
or Merger Sub or their respective properties or assets may be bound or affected
and filed as an exhibit to any registration statement or report filed with the
SEC by Parent.
19.
4. Certain Covenants of the Parties
4.1 Access and Investigation. During the period from the date of this
Agreement through the Effective Time (the "Pre-Closing Period"), the Company
shall, and shall cause its Representatives to: (a) provide Parent and Parent's
Representatives with reasonable access to the Company's Representatives,
personnel and assets and to all existing books, records, Tax Returns, work
papers and other documents and information relating to the Company; and (b)
provide Parent and Parent's Representatives with copies of such existing books,
records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information relating
to the Company, and with such additional financial, operating and other data and
information regarding the Company, as Parent may reasonably request.
4.2 Operation of the Company's Business. During the Pre-Closing Period:
(a) the Company shall conduct its business and operations in the
ordinary course and in substantially the same manner as such business and
operations have been conducted prior to the date of this Agreement;
(b) the Company shall use reasonable efforts to preserve intact its
current business organization, keep available the services of its current
officers and employees and maintain its relations and good will with all
suppliers, customers, landlords, creditors, employees and other Persons having
business relationships with the Company;
(c) the Company shall cause its officers to report regularly (but in
no event less frequently than weekly) to Parent concerning the status of the
Company's business;
(d) the Company shall not declare, accrue, set aside or pay any
dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital
stock, and shall not repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of
capital stock or other securities;
(e) the Company shall not sell, issue or authorize the issuance of
(i) any capital stock or other security, (ii) any option or right to acquire any
capital stock or other security, or (iii) any instrument convertible into or
exchangeable for any capital stock or other security (except that the Company
shall be permitted (x) to grant stock options to employees in accordance with
its past practices, (y) to issue Company Common Stock to employees upon the
exercise of outstanding Company Options, and (z) to issue shares of Company
Common Stock upon the conversion of shares of Series A Preferred Stock);
(f) the Company shall not amend or waive any of its rights under (i)
any provision of its Stock Option Plans, (ii) any provision of any agreement
evidencing any outstanding Company Option, or (iii) any provision of any
restricted stock purchase agreement;
(g) neither the Company nor any of the Stockholders shall amend or
permit the adoption of any amendment to the Company's Certificate of
Incorporation or bylaws, or effect or permit the Company to become a party to
any Acquisition Transaction, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock
split, reverse stock split or similar transaction;
20.
(h) the Company shall not form any subsidiary or acquire any equity
interest or other interest in any other Entity;
(i) the Company shall not make any capital expenditure, except for
capital expenditures that, when added to all other capital expenditures made on
behalf of the Company during the Pre-Closing Period, do not exceed $25,000 per
month;
(j) the Company shall not (i) enter into, or permit any of the
assets owned or used by it to become bound by, any Contract that is or would
constitute a Material Contract, or (ii) amend or prematurely terminate, or waive
any material right or remedy under, any such Contract;
(k) the Company shall not (i) acquire, lease or license any right or
other asset from any other Person (except as otherwise required under this
Agreement), (ii) sell or otherwise dispose of, or lease or license, any right or
other asset to any other Person, or (iii) waive or relinquish any right, except
for assets acquired, leased, licensed or disposed of by the Company pursuant to
Contracts that are not Material Contracts;
(l) the Company shall not (i) lend money to any Person (except that
the Company may make routine travel advances to employees in the ordinary course
of business and may, consistent with its past practices, allow employees to
acquire Company Common Stock in exchange for promissory notes upon exercise of
Company Options), or (ii) incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed
money;
(m) the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of
Parent, (i) establish, adopt or amend any Employee Benefit Plan, (ii) pay any
bonus or make any profit-sharing payment, cash incentive payment or similar
payment to, or increase the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe
benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its directors,
officers or employees, or (iii) hire any new employee;
(n) the Company shall not change any of its methods of accounting or
accounting practices in any material respect;
(o) the Company shall not make any Tax election;
(p) the Company shall not commence or settle any material Legal
Proceeding;
(q) the Company shall not agree or commit to take any of the actions
described in clauses "(e)" through "(p)" above.
4.3 Notification; Updates to Disclosure Schedule.
(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall promptly notify
Parent in writing of:
(i) the discovery by the Company of any event, condition, fact
or circumstance that occurred or existed on or prior to the date of this
Agreement and that caused or
21.
constitutes an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by
the Company in this Agreement;
(ii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurs,
arises or exists after the date of this Agreement and that would cause or
constitute an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by
the Company in this Agreement if (A) such representation or warranty had been
made as of the time of the occurrence, existence or discovery of such event,
condition, fact or circumstance, or (B) such event, condition, fact or
circumstance had occurred, arisen or existed on or prior to the date of this
Agreement;
(iii) any breach of any covenant or obligation of the Company or
any of the Stockholders; and
(iv) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that would make
the timely satisfaction of any of the conditions set forth in Section 5 or
Section 6 impossible or unlikely.
(b) If any event, condition, fact or circumstance that is required
to be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.3(a) requires any change in the Disclosure
Schedule, or if any such event, condition, fact or circumstance would require
such a change assuming the Disclosure Schedule were dated as of the date of the
occurrence, existence or discovery of such event, condition, fact or
circumstance, then the Company shall promptly deliver to Parent an update to the
Disclosure Schedule specifying such change. No such update shall be deemed to
supplement or amend the Disclosure Schedule for the purpose of determining
whether any of the conditions set forth in Section 5 has been satisfied.
4.4 No Negotiation. During the Pre-Closing Period, neither the Company,
nor any of its officers, directors, employees or agents shall, directly or
indirectly:
(a) solicit or encourage the initiation of any inquiry, proposal or
offer from any Person (other than Parent) relating to a possible Acquisition
Transaction;
(b) participate in any discussions or negotiations or enter into any
agreement with, or provide any non-public information to, any Person (other than
Parent) relating to or in connection with a possible Acquisition Transaction; or
(c) consider, entertain or accept any proposal or offer from any
Person (other than Parent) relating to a possible Acquisition Transaction.
The Company shall promptly notify Parent in writing of any material
inquiry, proposal or offer relating to a possible Acquisition Transaction that
is received by the Company or any of its officers, directors, employees or
agents during the Pre-Closing Period.
4.5 Filings and Consents. As promptly as practicable after the execution
of this Agreement, each party to this Agreement (a) shall make all filings (if
any) and give all notices (if any) required to be made and given by such party
in connection with the Merger and the other
22.
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (b) shall use all commercially
reasonable efforts to obtain all Consents (if any) required to be obtained
(pursuant to any applicable Legal Requirement or Contract, or otherwise) by such
party in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by
this Agreement, (c) in the case of the Company, use commercially reasonable
efforts to otherwise satisfy the conditions specified in Section 6 of this
Agreement, and (d) in the case of the Parent and Merger Sub, use commercially
reasonable efforts to otherwise satisfy the conditions specified in Section 6 of
this Agreement. Each party shall (upon request) promptly deliver to the other a
copy of each such filing made, each such notice given and each such Consent
obtained during the Pre-Closing Period. In addition, each party agrees to
negotiate in good faith to determine the Balance Sheet Adjustment at or
immediately prior to the Effective Time.
4.6 Public Announcements. During the Pre-Closing period, (a) neither the
Company nor any of the Stockholders shall issue any press release or make any
public statement regarding this Merger or the Agreement, or any of the other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement without Parent's prior written
consent.
4.7 Tax Reserves. The Company will establish, in the ordinary course of
business and consistent with its past practices, reserves adequate for the
payment of all Taxes for the period from the date of the Base Balance Sheet
through the Closing Date, and the Company will disclose the dollar amount of
such reserves to Parent on or prior to the Closing Date.
4.8 Termination of Employee Plans. At or prior to the Closing, the
Company shall terminate its Stock Option Plans, and shall ensure that no
employee or former employee of the Company has any rights under such Plan and
that any liabilities of the Company under such Plan (including any such
liabilities relating to services performed prior to the Closing) are fully
extinguished at no cost to the Company, other than the payments specified under
the Company's Stock Option Plans necessary to terminate such Company Options.
4.9 Termination of Non-Plan Options and Warrants. At or prior to the
Closing, the Company shall terminate any unexercised Non-Plan Options and
Warrants and shall ensure that Person has any rights under such Non-Plan Options
and Warrants and that any liabilities of the Company under such Non-Plan Options
and Warrants are fully extinguished at no cost to the Company, other than the
payments specified under the such agreements necessary to terminate such Non-
Plan Options and the Warrant.
4.10 Bridge Loan. Parent will loan the Company up to $250,000 pursuant to
a promissory note in the form attached hereto as Exhibit J.
5. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub
The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to effect the Merger and otherwise
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the
satisfaction, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:
23.
5.1 Accuracy of Representations. Each of the representations and
warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and in each of the other
agreements and instruments delivered to Parent in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall have been accurate in all
material respects as of the date of this Agreement (without giving effect to any
"Material Adverse Effect" or other materiality qualifications, or any similar
qualifications, contained or incorporated directly or indirectly in such
representations and warranties), and shall be accurate in all material respects
as of the Scheduled Closing Time as if made at the Scheduled Closing Time
(without giving effect to any update to the Disclosure Schedule, and without
giving effect to any "Material Adverse Effect" or other materiality
qualifications, or any similar qualifications, contained or incorporated
directly or indirectly in such representations and warranties).
5.2 Performance of Covenants. All of the covenants and obligations that
the Company is required to comply with or to perform at or prior to the Closing
shall have been complied with and performed in all respects.
5.3 Stockholder Approval. The principal terms of the Merger shall have
been duly approved by the affirmative vote of at least 95% of the shares of the
Company's capital stock entitled to vote with respect thereto; including at
least 90% of the Company Common Stock and 90% of the Series A Preferred, each
voting as a separate class.
5.4 Consents. All Consents required to be obtained in connection with the
Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall have been
obtained and shall be in full force and effect.
5.5 Agreements and Documents. Parent and the Company shall have received
the following agreements and documents, each of which shall be in full force and
effect:
(a) Escrow Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D,
executed by the Stockholders and the Agent;
(b) General Release Agreements in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit E, executed by the Stockholders;
(c) Proprietary Information Agreements in the Company's standard
form, executed by the Employees;
(d) Noncompetition Agreements in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit F, executed by Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxx Xxxxx and Xxxxx Xxxxx ("Key
Employees");
(e) an estoppel certificate, dated as of a date not more than five
days prior to the Closing Date and satisfactory in form and content to Parent,
executed by [Landlord];
(f) a legal opinion of Xxxxxx, Gesmer & Xxxxxxxxx LLP, dated as of
the Closing Date, in the form of Exhibit G;
24.
(g) Voting Agreements in the form attached hereto as Exhibit H,
executed by Xxxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxx, Intel Corporation and the entities
affiliated with One Liberty Ventures holding Series A Preferred.
(h) a certificate executed by the Company and containing the
representation and warranty of the Company that the conditions set forth in
Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.9 have been duly satisfied (the "Closing
Certificate");
(i) the Final Balance Sheet, accompanied by a certificate executed
by the Company containing the representation and warranty of the Company is
accurate and complete in all material respects and presents fairly the financial
position of the Company as of the Closing Date.
(j) written resignations of all directors of the Company, effective
as of the Effective Time.
5.6 FIRPTA Compliance. The Company shall have delivered to Parent a
statement (in such form as may be reasonably requested by counsel to Parent)
conforming to the requirements of Xxxxxxx 0.000 - 0(x)(0)(x) xx xxx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxx Treasury Regulations, and the Company shall have delivered to the
Internal Revenue Service the notification required under Xxxxxxx 0.000 - 0(x)(0)
xx xxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Treasury Regulations.
5.7 No Restraints. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or
permanent injunction or other order preventing the consummation of the Merger
shall have been issued by any court of competent jurisdiction and remain in
effect, and there shall not be any Legal Requirement enacted or deemed
applicable to the Merger that makes consummation of the Merger illegal. No
action shall have been taken, and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall
have been enacted, promulgated or issued or deemed applicable to the Merger by
any governmental entity which would (i) make the consummation of the Merger
illegal; (ii) prohibit Parent's or the Company's ownership or operation of all
or a material portion of the business or assets of Parent or the Company, or
compel Parent or the Company to dispose of or hold separate all or a material
portion of the business or assets of the Company or Parent as a result of the
Merger or (iii) render Parent, Merger Sub or the Company unable to consummate
the Merger, except for any waiting provisions.
5.8 No Legal Proceedings. No Person shall have commenced or threatened to
commence any Legal Proceeding challenging or seeking the recovery of a material
amount of damages in connection with the Merger or seeking to prohibit or limit
the exercise by Parent of any material right pertaining to its ownership of
stock of the Surviving Corporation.
5.9 Termination of Employee Plans. The Company shall have terminated its
Stock Option Plans, and shall have ensured that no employee or former employee
of the Company has any rights under such Plan and that any liabilities of the
Company under such Plan (including any such liabilities relating to services
performed prior to the Closing) are fully extinguished at no cost to the Company
(other than the payments specified under the Company's Stock Option Plans
necessary to terminate such Company Options); and the Company shall have
provided
25.
Parent with evidence, reasonably satisfactory to Parent, as to the satisfaction
of such condition and the termination or exercise of all Company Options,
Non-Plan Options and the Warrant as required under Sections 1.6 and 1.7.
5.10 Due Diligence. Parent shall have completed business, technical, legal
and financial due diligence on the Company and its products and the results of
such due diligence shall be acceptable to Parent.
5.11 Fairness Opinion. Parent shall have received from XX Xxxxx Securities
Corporation an opinion indicating that the Consideration is fair from a
financial point of view to Parent.
5.12 Intellectual Property Assignments. All current and former employees,
consultants and independent contractors of the Company identified by Parent
prior to the Effective Time (including those involved in the creation or
development of intellectual property) to assign to the Company all rights to
intellectual property related to the Company's business if such intellectual
property rights were not previously assigned to the Company to Parent's
satisfaction.
5.13 Employees.
(a) Each Key Employee shall have agreed to become a full-time
employee of the Company or Parent.
(b) The number of persons employed by the Company at the Effective
Time shall not exceed 32.
6. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of the Company
The obligations of the Company to effect the Merger and otherwise
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the
satisfaction, at or prior to the Closing, of the following conditions:
6.1 Accuracy of Representations. Each of the representations and
warranties made by Parent and Merger Sub in this Agreement shall have been
accurate in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement (without
giving effect to any materiality or similar qualifications contained in such
representations and warranties), and shall be accurate in all material respects
as of the Scheduled Closing Time as if made at the Scheduled Closing Time
(without giving effect to any materiality or similar qualifications contained in
such representations and warranties).
6.2 Performance of Covenants. All of the covenants and obligations that
Parent and Merger Sub are required to comply with or to perform at or prior to
the Closing shall have been complied with and performed in all respects.
6.3 Documents. The Company shall have received the following documents:
26.
(a) the Escrow Agreement in the form of Exhibit D, executed by
Parent; and
(b) a legal opinion of Xxxxxx Godward LLP, dated as of the Closing
Date, in the form of Exhibit I.
6.4 No Restraints. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or
permanent injunction or other order preventing the consummation of the Merger
shall have been issued by any court of competent jurisdiction and remain in
effect, and there shall not be any Legal Requirement enacted or deemed
applicable to the Merger that makes consummation of the Merger illegal. No
action shall have been taken, and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall
have been enacted, promulgated or issued or deemed applicable to the Merger by
any governmental entity which would (i) make the consummation of the Merger
illegal; (ii) prohibit Parent's or the Company's ownership or operation of all
or a material portion of the business or assets of Parent or the Company, or
compel Parent or the Company to dispose of or hold separate all or a material
portion of the business or assets of the Company or Parent as a result of the
Merger or (iii) render Parent, Merger Sub or the Company unable to consummate
the Merger, except for any waiting provisions.
7. Termination
7.1 Termination Events. This Agreement may be terminated prior to the
Closing:
(a) by Parent if:
(i) at or after the Scheduled Closing Time if any condition
set forth in Section 5 has not been satisfied by the Scheduled Closing Time;
(ii) Parent reasonably determines that the timely satisfaction
of any condition set forth in Section 5 has become impossible (other than as a
result of any failure on the part of Parent or Merger Sub to comply with or
perform any covenant or obligation of Parent or Merger Sub set forth in this
Agreement);
(iii) the Closing has not taken place on or before March 1,
1999 (other than as a result of any failure on the part of Parent to comply with
or perform any covenant or obligation of Parent set forth in this Agreement); or
(iv) any of the Key Employees ceases to be employed full-time
by the Company.
(b) by the Company if:
(i) at or after the Scheduled Closing Time if any condition
set forth in Section 6 has not been satisfied by the Scheduled Closing Time;
(ii) the Company reasonably determines that the timely
satisfaction of any condition set forth in Section 6 has become impossible
(other than as a result of any failure on the part of the Company or any of the
Stockholders to comply with or perform any covenant
27.
or obligation set forth in this Agreement or in any other agreement or
instrument delivered to Parent);or
(iii) the Closing has not taken place on or before March 1,
1999 (other than as a result of the failure on the part of the Company or any of
the Stockholders to comply with or perform any covenant or obligation set forth
in this Agreement).
(c) by the mutual consent of Parent and the Company.
7.2 Termination Procedures. If Parent wishes to terminate this Agreement
pursuant to Section 7.1(a), Parent shall deliver to the Company a written notice
stating that Parent is terminating this Agreement and setting forth a brief
description of the basis on which Parent is terminating this Agreement. If the
Company wishes to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1(b), the
Company shall deliver to Parent a written notice stating that the Company is
terminating this Agreement and setting forth a brief description of the basis on
which the Company is terminating this Agreement.
7.3 Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to
Section 7.1, all further obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall
terminate; provided, however, that: (a) neither the Company nor Parent shall be
relieved of any obligation or liability arising from any prior breach by such
party of any provision of this Agreement; (b) the parties shall, in all events,
remain bound by and continue to be subject to the provisions set forth in
Section 9.6; and (c) the Company shall, in all events, remain bound by and
continue to be subject to Section 4.6.
8. Indemnification, Etc.
8.1 Survival of Representations, Etc.
(a) The representations and warranties made by the Company
(including the representations and warranties set forth in Section 2 and the
representations and warranties set forth in the Closing Certificate) shall
survive the Closing and shall expire on the first anniversary of the Closing
Date; except that the representations and warranties contained in Sections 2.3,
2.9, 2.13 and 2.15 (the "Continuing Warranties Sections") shall survive the
Closing and shall expire on the third anniversary of the Closing Date; provided,
however, that if, at any time prior to the first anniversary (or the third
anniversary with respect to the Continuing Warranties Sections) of the Closing
Date, as applicable, any Indemnitee (acting in good faith) delivers to the Agent
a written notice alleging the existence of an inaccuracy in or a breach of any
of the representations and warranties made by the Stockholders (and setting
forth in reasonable detail the basis for such Indemnitee's belief that such an
inaccuracy or breach may exist) and asserting a claim for recovery under Section
8.2 based on such alleged inaccuracy or breach, then the claim asserted in such
notice shall survive the first anniversary of the Closing until such time as
such claim is fully and finally resolved. All representations and warranties
made by Parent and Merger Sub shall terminate and expire as of the Effective
Time, and any liability of Parent or Merger Sub with respect to such
representations and warranties shall thereupon cease.
28.
(b) The representations, warranties, covenants and obligations of
the Company and the Stockholders, and the rights and remedies that may be
exercised by the Indemnitees, shall not be limited or otherwise affected by or
as a result of any information furnished to, or any investigation made by or
knowledge of, any of the Indemnitees or any of their Representatives.
(c) For purposes of this Agreement, each statement or other item of
information set forth in the Disclosure Schedule or in any update to the
Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty made by
the Company and the Stockholders in this Agreement.
8.2 Indemnification by Stockholders.
(a) From and after the Effective Time (but subject to Sections
8.1(a) and 8.3), the Stockholders, severally but not jointly, shall hold
harmless and indemnify each of the Indemnitees from and against, and shall
compensate and reimburse each of the Indemnitees for, any Damages which are
directly or indirectly suffered or incurred by any of the Indemnitees or to
which any of the Indemnitees may otherwise become subject (regardless of whether
or not such Damages relate to any third-party claim) and which arise from or as
a result of, or are directly or indirectly connected with: (i) any inaccuracy in
or breach of any representation or warranty set forth in Section 2 or in the
Closing Certificate (without giving effect to any "Material Adverse Effect" or
other materiality qualification or any similar qualification contained or
incorporated directly or indirectly in such representation or warranty, but
giving effect to any update to the Disclosure Schedule delivered by the Company
to Parent prior to the Closing); (ii) any breach of any covenant or obligation
of the Company or any of the Stockholders (including the covenants set forth in
Section 4); or (iii) any Legal Proceeding relating to any inaccuracy or breach
of the type referred to in clause "(i)" or "(ii)" above (including any Legal
Proceeding commenced by any Indemnitee for the purpose of enforcing any of its
rights under this Section 8). Except as set forth in Section 1.10, each
Stockholder's several indemnification obligation for any Damages shall be such
Stockholder's pro rata portion of such damages, with the pro rata amount
determined by dividing the actual cash consideration received by such
Stockholder by the aggregate of the cash consideration received by all of the
Stockholders.
(b) The Stockholders acknowledge and agree that, if the Surviving
Corporation suffers, incurs or otherwise becomes subject to any Damages as a
result of or in connection with any inaccuracy in or breach of any
representation, warranty, covenant or obligation, then (without limiting any of
the rights of the Surviving Corporation as an Indemnitee) Parent shall also be
deemed, by virtue of its ownership of the stock of the Surviving Corporation, to
have incurred Damages as a result of and in connection with such inaccuracy or
breach.
8.3 Threshold; Ceiling; Exclusivity.
(a) The Stockholders shall not be required to make any
indemnification payment pursuant to Section 8.2(a)(i) for any breach of the
representations and warranties of the Company until such time as the total
amount of all Damages (including the Damages arising
29.
from such inaccuracy or breach and all other Damages arising from any other
inaccuracies in or breaches of any representations or warranties) that have
been directly or indirectly suffered or incurred by any one or more of the
Indemnitees, or to which any one or more of the Indemnitees has or have
otherwise become subject, exceeds $300,000 in the aggregate. If the total amount
of such Damages exceeds $300,000, then the Indemnitees shall be entitled to be
indemnified against the full amount of such Damages and not merely the portion
of such Damages exceeding $300,000. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Stockholders shall be required to make the full amount of any indemnification
payments required for Damages that arise from any single breach where the
Damages from any such individual breach are in excess of $100,000. In addition,
notwithstanding the foregoing, but subject to the limitations set forth in
Section 8.3(b) below, the Stockholders shall be required to make the full amount
of any indemnification payments required for Damages that arise from (i) any
breach related to a suit, claim or proceeding brought by a current or former
employee of the Company based on such person's employment or the termination of
their employment with the Company, provided that such breach is based on facts
or circumstances arising prior to the Effective Time, or (ii) any breach of the
representations and warranties contained in Section 2.3.
(b) The maximum liability of any Stockholder for breaches of any
representations and warranties in this Agreement shall be equal to the actual
cash consideration received by such Stockholder.
(c) The indemnification provided by this Section 8, subject to the
limitations set forth herein, shall be the exclusive post-Closing remedy
available to Parent, Merger Sub and any Indemnitee for any breach of any
representation or warranty contained in this Agreement, and the parties hereto
acknowledge that neither Company nor any of its officers, directors, employees,
agents or stockholders has made any representation or warranty to Parent, Merger
Sub or any other Indemnitee other than as set forth in this Agreement. In no
event shall Parent or Merger Sub be entitled to rescission of this Agreement as
a result of any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement
contained herein.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING ELSE TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE AGGREGATE
MAXIMUM FOR WHICH THE SHAREHOLDERS SHALL BE SHALL BE EQUAL TO THE ACTUAL CASH
CONSIDERATION RECEIVED BY SUCH STOCKHOLDER. THE LIMITATION ON THE STOCKHOLDER'S
LIABILITY IS CUMULATIVE, WITH ALL PAYMENTS FOR CLAIMS OR DAMAGES UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT (INCLUDING PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 8.6 AND 8.7) BEING AGGREGATED TO
DETERMINE SATISFACTION OF THE LIMIT. THE EXISTENCE OF ONE OR MORE CLAIMS OR
SUITS WILL NOT ENLARGE THE LIMIT.
THESE LIMITATIONS APPLY TO ALL CAUSES OF ACTION UNDER OR RELATING TO THIS
AGREEMENT.
8.4 Satisfaction of Indemnification Claim. In the event any Stockholder
shall have any liability (for indemnification or otherwise) to any Indemnitee
under this Section 8, such
30.
Stockholder shall satisfy such liability first through the Escrow Agreement and
thereafter by delivering to such Indemnitee the aggregate dollar amount of such
liability.
8.5 No Contribution. Each Stockholder waives, and acknowledges and agrees
that he shall not have and shall not exercise or assert (or attempt to exercise
or assert), any right of contribution, right of indemnity or other right or
remedy against the Surviving Corporation in connection with any indemnification
obligation or any other liability to which he may become subject under or in
connection with this Agreement or the Closing Certificate.
8.6 Interest. Any Stockholder who is required to hold harmless,
indemnify, compensate or reimburse any Indemnitee pursuant to this Section 8
with respect to any Damages shall also be liable to such Indemnitee for interest
on the amount of such Damages (for the period commencing as of the date on which
such Stockholder first received notice of a claim for recovery by such
Indemnitee and ending on the date on which the liability of such Stockholder to
such Indemnitee is fully satisfied by such Stockholder) at a floating rate equal
to the rate of interest publicly announced by Bank of America, N.T. & S.A. from
time to time as its prime, base or reference rate.
8.7 Defense of Third Party Claims. In the event of the assertion or
commencement by any Person of any claim or Legal Proceeding (whether against the
Surviving Corporation, against Parent or against any other Person) with respect
to which any of the Stockholders may become obligated to hold harmless,
indemnify, compensate or reimburse any Indemnitee pursuant to this Section 8,
Parent shall have the right, at its election, to proceed with the defense of
such claim or Legal Proceeding on its own. If Parent so proceeds with the
defense of any such claim or Legal Proceeding:
(a) all reasonable expenses relating to the defense of such claim
or Legal Proceeding shall be borne and paid exclusively by the Stockholders;
(b) each Stockholder shall make available to Parent any documents
and materials in his possession or control that may be necessary to the defense
of such claim or Legal Proceeding; and
(c) Parent shall have the right to settle, adjust or compromise
such claim or Legal Proceeding with the consent of the Agent (as defined in
Section 9.1); provided, however, that such consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld.
Parent shall give the Agent prompt notice of the commencement of any such Legal
Proceeding against Parent or the Surviving Corporation; provided, however, that
any failure on the part of Parent to so notify the Agent shall not limit any of
the obligations of the Stockholders under this Section 8 (except to the extent
such failure materially prejudices the defense of such Legal Proceeding).
8.8 Exercise of Remedies by Indemnitees Other Than Parent. No Indemnitee
(other than Parent or any successor thereto or assign thereof) shall be
permitted to assert any indemnification claim or exercise any other remedy under
this Agreement unless Parent (or any
31.
successor thereto or assign thereof) shall have consented to the assertion of
such indemnification claim or the exercise of such other remedy.
9. Miscellaneous Provisions
9.1 Agent. By their approval of this Agreement at a Stockholders Meeting
or by written consent (or, with respect to holders of options or warrants, by
acknowledging their obligations as Stockholders under this Agreement), the
Stockholders will thereby irrevocably appoint Xxxxx Xxxxx as their agent for
purposes of Section 8 (the "Agent"), and Xxxxx Xxxxx hereby accepts his
appointment as the Agent for purposes of Section 8. Parent shall be entitled to
deal exclusively with the Agent on all matters relating to Section 8, and shall
be entitled to rely conclusively (without further evidence of any kind
whatsoever) on any document executed or purported to be executed on behalf of
any Stockholder by the Agent, and on any other action taken or purported to be
taken on behalf of any Stockholder by the Agent, as fully binding upon such
Stockholder. If the Agent shall die, become disabled or otherwise be unable to
fulfill his responsibilities as agent of the Stockholders, then the Stockholders
shall, within ten days after such death or disability, appoint a successor agent
and, promptly thereafter, shall notify Parent of the identity of such successor.
Any such successor shall become the "Agent" for purposes of Section 8 and this
Section 9.1. If for any reason there is no Agent at any time, all references
herein to the Agent shall be deemed to refer to the Stockholders.
9.2 Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall execute and cause to be
delivered to each other party hereto such instruments and other documents, and
shall take such other actions, as such other party may reasonably request (prior
to, at or after the Closing) for the purpose of carrying out or evidencing any
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
9.3 Fees and Expenses. Each party to this Agreement shall bear and pay
all fees, costs and expenses (including legal fees and accounting fees) that
have been incurred or that are incurred by such party in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including all fees, costs and
expenses incurred by such party in connection with or by virtue of (a) the
investigation and review conducted by Parent and its Representatives with
respect to the Company's business (and the furnishing of information to Parent
and its Representatives in connection with such investigation and review), (b)
the negotiation, preparation and review of this Agreement (including the
Disclosure Schedule) and all agreements, certificates, opinions and other
instruments and documents delivered or to be delivered in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (c) the preparation and submission
of any filing or notice required to be made or given in connection with any of
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the obtaining of any
Consent required to be obtained in connection with any of such transactions, and
(d) the consummation of the Merger; provided, however, that, to the extent the
total amount of all such fees, costs and expenses incurred by or for the benefit
of the Company (including all such fees, costs and expenses incurred prior to
the date of this Agreement and including the amount of all special bonuses and
other amounts that may become payable to any officers of the Company or other
Persons in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement) exceeds $75,000 in the aggregate, such fees, costs and expenses
shall be borne and paid by the Stockholders and not by the Company.
32.
9.4 Attorneys' Fees. If any action or proceeding relating to this
Agreement or the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement is brought
against any party hereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover
reasonable attorneys' fees, costs and disbursements (in addition to any other
relief to which the prevailing party may be entitled).
9.5 Notices. All notices, demands, requests or other communications that
may be or are required to be given, served or sent by any party pursuant to this
Agreement will be in writing (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon
receipt), will reference this Agreement and shall be mailed by first class,
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or
transmitted by courier, express delivery, hand delivery or facsimile
transmission, addressed to the address set forth below. Each party may designate
by notice in writing a new address to which any notice, demand, request or
communication may thereafter be so given, served or sent. Each notice that is
mailed, delivered or transmitted in the manner described above shall be deemed
sufficiently given, served, sent and received for all purposes at such time as
it is delivered to the addressee (with the return receipt, the delivery receipt
or the affidavit of messenger or courier being deemed conclusive evidence of
such delivery) or at such time as delivery is refused by the addressee upon
presentation
if to Parent: Rogue Wave Software, Inc.
0000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention: Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.
Facsimile: (000) 000-0000
with a copy to: Xxxxxx Godward LLP
0000 Xxxx Xxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxxxx 0, Xxxxx 000
Xxxxx Xxxx, XX 00000
Attention: Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Xx.
Facsimile: (000) 000-0000
if to the Company: NobleNet, Inc.
000 Xxxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention: President
Facsimile: (000) 000-0000
with a copy to: Xxxxxx Gesmer Xxxxxxxxx LLP
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
Attention: Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
Facsimile: 000-000-0000
9.6 Confidentiality. Without limiting the generality of anything
contained in Section 4.9, on and at all times after the Closing Date, each
Stockholder shall keep confidential, and shall
33.
not use or disclose to any other Person, any non-public document or other non-
public information in such Stockholder's possession that relates to the business
of the Company or Parent.
9.7 Time of the Essence. Time is of the essence of this Agreement.
9.8 Headings. The underlined headings contained in this Agreement are for
convenience of reference only, shall not be deemed to be a part of this
Agreement and shall not be referred to in connection with the construction or
interpretation of this Agreement.
9.9 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts,
each of which shall constitute an original and all of which, when taken
together, shall constitute one agreement.
9.10 Governing Law. Unless otherwise indicted to the contrary, this
Agreement shall be construed in accordance with, and governed in all respects
by, the internal laws of the State of Delaware (without giving effect to
principles of conflicts of laws).
9.11 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon: the
Company and its successors and assigns (if any); the Stockholders and their
respective personal representatives, executors, administrators, estates, heirs,
successors and assigns (if any); Parent and its successors and assigns (if any);
and Merger Sub and its successors and assigns (if any). This Agreement shall
inure to the benefit of: the Company; the Company's stockholders (to the extent
set forth in Section 1.5); Parent; Merger Sub; the other Indemnitees (subject to
Section 8.8); and the respective successors and assigns (if any) of the
foregoing. Parent may freely assign any or all of its rights under this
Agreement (including its indemnification rights under Section 8), in whole or in
part, to any other Person with written notice to Agent within ten days of such
assignment.
9.12 Specific Performance. The parties to this Agreement agree that, in
the event of any breach or threatened breach by any party to this Agreement of
any covenant, obligation or other provision set forth in this Agreement for the
benefit of any other party to this Agreement, such other party shall be entitled
(in addition to any other remedy that may be available to it) to (a) a decree or
order of specific performance or mandamus to enforce the observance and
performance of such covenant, obligation or other provision, and (b) an
injunction restraining such breach or threatened breach.
9.13 Waiver.
(a) No failure on the part of any Person to exercise any power,
right, privilege or remedy under this Agreement, and no delay on the part of any
Person in exercising any power, right, privilege or remedy under this Agreement,
shall operate as a waiver of such power, right, privilege or remedy; and no
single or partial exercise of any such power, right, privilege or remedy shall
preclude any other or further exercise thereof or of any other power, right,
privilege or remedy.
34.
(b) No Person shall be deemed to have waived any claim arising out
of this Agreement, or any power, right, privilege or remedy under this
Agreement, unless the waiver of such claim, power, right, privilege or remedy is
expressly set forth in a written instrument duly executed and delivered on
behalf of such Person; and any such waiver shall not be applicable or have any
effect except in the specific instance in which it is given.
9.14 Amendments. This Agreement may not be amended, modified, altered or
supplemented other than by means of a written instrument duly executed and
delivered on behalf of all of the parties hereto.
9.15 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement, or
the application of any such provision to any Person or set of circumstances,
shall be determined to be invalid, unlawful, void or unenforceable to any
extent, the remainder of this Agreement, and the application of such provision
to Persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is determined to be
invalid, unlawful, void or unenforceable, shall not be impaired or otherwise
affected and shall continue to be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent
permitted by law.
9.16 Parties in Interest. Except for the provisions of Sections 1.5 and 8,
none of the provisions of this Agreement is intended to provide any rights or
remedies to any Person other than the parties hereto and their respective
successors and assigns (if any).
9.17 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the other agreements referred to
herein set forth the entire understanding of the parties hereto relating to the
subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and
understandings among or between any of the parties relating to the subject
matter hereof and thereof.
9.18 Construction.
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, whenever the context requires:
the singular number shall include the plural, and vice versa; the masculine
gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders; the feminine gender shall
include the masculine and neuter genders; and the neuter gender shall include
the masculine and feminine genders.
(b) The parties hereto agree that any rule of construction to the
effect that ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not
be applied in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
(c) As used in this Agreement, the words "include" and "including,"
and variations thereof, shall not be deemed to be terms of limitation, but
rather shall be deemed to be followed by the words "without limitation."
(d) Except as otherwise indicated, all references in this Agreement
to "Sections" and "Exhibits" are intended to refer to Sections of this Agreement
and Exhibits to this Agreement.
35.
The parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered
as of February 11, 1999.
Rogue Wave Software, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
-----------------------------------------
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
--------------------------------------
NN Acquisition Corp.,
a Delaware corporation
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
-----------------------------------------
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
--------------------------------------
NobleNet, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation
By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx
-----------------------------------------
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
--------------------------------------
Agent:
/s/ Xxxxx Xxxxx
--------------------------------------------
Xxxxx Xxxxx
36.
EXHIBIT A
STOCKHOLDERS AND OPTIONHOLDERS
Options/Warrants Warrants to
Shares of Shares of to Purchase Purchase
Name Common Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock Preferred Stock
------------------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------- ---------------
Xxxx, Xxxxx 0 0 10,000 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx 2,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxx 184,000 0 16,000 0
Boston Private Bank and 161,850 0 0 0
Trust Co. and Xxxx Royal,
Trustees of the Xxxxx
Children Irrevocable Trust
Xxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 1,249 0
Xxxxx, Xxxxx 10,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxx, Al 20,000 0 0 0
Xxxxx, Xxxxxx 0 0 150,000 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx 15,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxx, Art 500 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxx 0 0 12,000 0
Chen, Bin 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxxxx, Will 10,000 0 50,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx 0 0 40,000 0
Xxxxxxx, Xx 1,083 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxx 47,000 0 0 0
Xxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 150,000 0
Xxxx, Xxxxxx 591,375 0 0 0
Xxxxxx, Xxx 0 0 10,000 0
Xxxxx, Xxxx 10,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx 0 0 2,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxx 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 10,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 1,000 0 0 0
Halenbake, Rob 0 0 2,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 14,000 0 63,500 0
Imperial Bank 0 0 10,000 0
Intel 0 1,600,000 0 80,000
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 105,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 25,000 0
Xxxxx, Xxxxx 1,422,150 0 0 0
Options/Warrants Warrants to
Shares of Shares of to Purchase Purchase
Name Common Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock Preferred Stock
------------------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------- ---------------
Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx 0 0 2,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxx 300 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx 1,000 0 0 0
XxXxxxx, Xxxxxxx 0 0 7,500 0
Xxxxxx, XxxxXxxxx 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxx 7,750 0 0 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxx 36,149 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx 5,000 0 15,000 0
X'Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx 0 0 150,000 0
One Liberty 0 2,400,000 0 0
Xxxx, Xxxxx 20,000 0 40,000 0
Xxxxxxx-Xxxxx, April 1,416,000 0 0 0
Xxxxx, Xxxxx 55,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxx 0 0 50,000 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx 600 0 0 0
Xxxxx, Xxxx 5,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx 0 0 10,000 0
Shah, Mahul 0 0 10,000 0
Xxxx, Xxxxxxx 0 0 1,000 0
Xxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 5,000 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxx 0 0 1,332 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx 26,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxx, Xxxx 25,000 0 0 0
Stonebridge Associates 0 35,200 50,000 0
Stonebridge Clients 0 1,760,000 0 0
Xxx, Xxxxxxx 2,832 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxx 5,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx 19,000 0 0 0
Xxxxxx, Xxxxx 0 0 325,000 0
Yu, Tat Bill 61,010 0 0 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4,280,599 5,795,200 1,243,581 80,000
2.
EXHIBIT B
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
For purposes of the Agreement (including this Exhibit B):
Acquisition Transaction. "Acquisition Transaction" shall mean any
transaction involving:
(a) the sale, license, disposition or acquisition of all or a
material portion of the Company's business or assets;
(b) the issuance, disposition or acquisition of (i) any capital
stock or other equity security of the Company (other than common stock issued to
employees of the Company, upon exercise of Company Options or otherwise, in
routine transactions in accordance with the Company's past practices), (ii) any
option, call, warrant or right (whether or not immediately exercisable) to
acquire any capital stock or other equity security of the Company (other than
stock options granted to employees of the Company in routine transactions in
accordance with the Company's past practices), or (iii) any security, instrument
or obligation that is or may become convertible into or exchangeable for any
capital stock or other equity security of the Company; or
(c) any merger, consolidation, business combination, reorganization
or similar transaction involving the Company.
Agreement. "Agreement" shall mean the Agreement and Plan of Merger and
Reorganization to which this Exhibit B is attached (including the Disclosure
Schedule), as it may be amended from time to time.
Base Balance Sheet. "Base Balance Sheet" shall mean the pro forma balance
sheet of the Company dated January 31, 1999, prepared by the Company in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent
basis and furnished to the Parent on February 3, 1999.
Code. "Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Company Contract. "Company Contract" shall mean any Contract: (a) to
which the Company is a party; (b) by which the Company or any of its assets is
or may become bound or under which the Company has, or may become subject to,
any obligation; or (c) under which the Company has or may acquire any right or
interest.
Consent. "Consent" shall mean any approval, consent, ratification,
permission, waiver or authorization (including any Governmental Authorization).
3.
Contract. "Contract" shall mean any written, oral or other agreement,
contract, subcontract, lease, understanding, instrument, note, warranty,
insurance policy, benefit plan or legally binding commitment or undertaking of
any nature.
Damages. "Damages" shall include any loss, damage, injury, decline in
value, lost opportunity, liability, claim, demand, settlement, judgment, award,
fine, penalty, Tax, fee (including reasonable attorneys' fees), charge, cost
(including costs of investigation) or expense of any nature.
Disclosure Schedule. "Disclosure Schedule" shall mean the schedule (dated
as of the date of the Agreement) delivered to Parent on behalf of the Company
and the Stockholders.
Encumbrance. "Encumbrance" shall mean any lien, pledge, hypothecation,
charge, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, claim, infringement,
interference, option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, community
property interest or restriction of any nature (including any restriction on the
voting of any security, any restriction on the transfer of any security or other
asset, any restriction on the receipt of any income derived from any asset, any
restriction on the use of any asset and any restriction on the possession,
exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset).
Entity. "Entity" shall mean any corporation (including any non-profit
corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability
partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any limited
liability company or joint stock company), firm or other enterprise,
association, organization or entity.
Exchange Act. "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended.
Final Balance Sheet. "Final Balance Sheet" shall mean the pro forma
balance sheet of the Company dated as of the Closing Date, prepared by the
Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a
consistent basis and furnished to the Parent at the Closing.
Government Bid. "Government Bid" shall mean any quotation, bid or
proposal submitted to any Governmental Body or any proposed prime contractor or
higher-tier subcontractor of any Governmental Body.
Government Contract. "Government Contract" shall mean any prime
contract, subcontract, letter contract, purchase order or delivery order
executed or submitted to or on behalf of any Governmental Body or any prime
contractor or higher-tier subcontractor, or under which any Governmental Body or
any such prime contractor or subcontractor otherwise has or may acquire any
right or interest.
Governmental Authorization. "Governmental Authorization" shall mean any:
(a) permit, license, certificate, franchise, permission, clearance,
registration, qualification or
4.
