DELAWARE(SM) Dealer's Agreement INVESTMENTS ------------ We are the national distributor for all of the shares of all of the Classes (now existing or hereafter added) of all of the Funds in the Delaware Investments Family of Funds which retain us,...

DELAWARE(SM)                      Dealer's Agreement
INVESTMENTS
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We are the national distributor for all of the shares of all of the Classes (now
existing or hereafter added) of all of the Funds in the Delaware Investments
Family of Funds which retain us, Delaware Distributors, L.P., to act as
exclusive national distributor. The term "Fund" as used in this Agreement refers
to each Fund in the Delaware Investments Family of Funds which retains us to
promote and sell its shares, and any Fund which may hereafter be added to
Delaware Investments Family of Funds to retain us as national distributor. The
term "Class" as used in this Agreement refers to a class of shares of a Fund as
described in the Fund's prospectus. You have indicated that you wish to act as
agent for your customers in connection with the purchase, sale and redemption of
Fund shares and/or desire to provide certain services to your customers relating
to their ownership of Fund shares, all in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement.

AGENT FOR CUSTOMERS: In placing orders for the purchase and sale of Fund shares,
you will be acting solely as agent for your customers and will not have any
authority to act as agent for us, any of the Funds or any of our affiliates or
representatives. Each transaction in Fund shares will be initiated solely upon
the order of a customer, or by you pursuant to a written agreement with a
customer giving you investment discretion to act on such customer's behalf, and
shall be for the account of a customer. You also agree that you will not
withhold placing with us orders received from your customers so as to profit
yourself from such withholding. Neither you nor any of your employees or agents
are authorized to make any representations concerning the Funds or Fund shares
except those contained in the then current "Prospectus" and in written
information issued by the Fund or by us as a supplement to the Prospectus. In
purchasing Fund shares your customers may rely only on such authorized
information.

OFFERING PRICE TO PUBLIC: Orders for shares received from you and accepted by a
Fund or its agent, Delaware Service Company, Inc., will be at the public
offering price applicable to each order as set forth in that Fund's Prospectus.
The manner of computing the net asset value of shares, the public offering price
and the effective time of orders received from you are described in the
Prospectus for each Fund. We reserve the right, at any time and without notice,
to suspend the sale of Fund shares.

CONCESSIONS TO YOU: You will be entitled to deduct the applicable concession as
set forth in the then current Prospectus of a Fund from the purchase price of
certain purchase orders placed by you for shares of a Fund having a sales
charge. We reserve the right from time to time, without prior notice, to modify,
suspend or eliminate such concessions by amendment, sticker or supplement to the
Prospectus for the Fund. If any shares confirmed to you under the terms of this
Agreement are redeemed or repurchased by the Fund or by us as agent for the
Fund, or are tendered for redemption or repurchase, within seven business days
after the date of our confirmation of the original purchase order, you shall
promptly refund to us the concession allowed to you on such shares.

PURCHASE PLANS: The purchase price on all orders placed by you and any
concessions or other fees otherwise due to you under this Agreement will be
subject to the then current terms and provisions of any applicable special plans
and accounts (e.g., volume purchases, letters of intent, rights of accumulation,
combined purchases privilege, exchange and reinvestment privileges and
retirement plan accounts) as set forth from time to time in the Prospectus. We
must be notified when an order is placed if it qualifies for a reduced sales
charge under any of these plans. We reserve the right, at any time, without
prior notice, to modify, suspend or eliminate any such plans or accounts by
amendment, sticker or supplement to the Prospectus for the Fund.

SALES, ORDERS AND CONFIRMATIONS: In offering Fund shares to the public or
otherwise, you shall act as dealer for your own account, and in no transaction
shall you have any authority to act as agent for the Fund, for any other
selected dealer or for us. No person is authorized to make any representations
concerning the shares of the Fund except those contained in the Prospectus and
in written information issued by the Fund or by us as a supplement to such
Prospectus. In purchasing Fund shares, you shall rely only on such
representations.

All sales must be made subject to confirmation and orders are subject to
acceptance or rejection by the Fund in its sole discretion. Your orders must be
wired, telephoned or written to the Fund or its agent. You agree to place orders
for the same number of shares sold by you at the price at which such shares are
sold. You agree that you will not purchase Fund shares except for investment or
for the purpose of covering purchase orders already received and that you will
not, as principal, sell Fund shares unless purchase by you from the Fund under
the terms hereof. You also agree that you will not withhold placing with us
orders received from your customers so as to profit yourself from such
withholding. Each of your orders shall be confirmed by you in writing on the
same day.




PAYMENT AND ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES: The shares purchased by you hereunder
shall be paid for in full at the public offering price, less any concession to
you as set forth above, by check payable to the Fund, at its office within three
business days after our acceptance of your order. If not so paid, we reserve the
right to cancel the sale and to hold you responsible for any loss sustained by
us or the Fund (including lost profit) in consequence. Certificates representing
the Fund's shares will not be issued unless (i) the Fund's Prospectus indicates
that certificates may be issued for the class of shares being purchased, and
(ii) a specific request is received from the purchaser. Certificates, if
requested, will be issued in the names indicated by registration instructions
accompanying your payment.

REDEMPTION: The Prospectus describes the provisions whereby the Fund, under all
ordinary circumstances, will redeem shares held by shareholders on demand. You
agree that you will not make any representations to shareholders relating to the
redemption of their shares other than the statements contained in the Prospectus
and the underlying organizational documents of the Fund, to which it refers, and
that you will quote as the redemption price only the price determined by the
Fund. You shall not repurchase any shares from your customers at a price below
the next quoted by the Fund for redemption. You may charge a reasonable fee for
services in connection with the repurchase by you from your customers of shares.
You may hold such repurchased shares only for investment purposes or submit such
shares to the Fund for redemption.

12b-1 PLAN: With respect to any Fund that offers shares of classes for which
Distribution Plans have been adopted under Rule 12b-1 (individually a "12b-1
Plan") of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"), we expect you to
provide distribution and marketing services in the promotion of the Fund's
shares. In connection with the receipt of distribution fees and/or the receipt
of service fees as set forth under 12b-1 Plan(s) applicable to the class or
classes of Fund shares purchased by your customers, we expect you to provide
administrative and other services to your customers who own Fund shares,
including, but not limited to, furnishing personal and other services and
assistance, answering routine inquiries regarding a Fund, assisting in changing
dividend options, account designations and addresses, maintaining such accounts,
or such other services as the Fund may require, to the extent permitted by
applicable statutes, rules or regulations. For such services we will pay you a
fee, as established by us from time to time, based on a portion of the net asset
value of the accounts of your clients in the Fund. We are permitted to make this
payment under the terms of the 12b-1 Plans adopted by certain of the Funds, as
such Plans may be in effect from time to time. The 12b-1 Plans in effect on the
date of this Agreement are described in the Funds' Prospectuses. Each Fund
reserves the right to terminate or suspend its 12b-1 Plan at any time as
specified in the Plan and we reserve the right, at any time, without notice, to
modify, suspend or terminate payments hereunder in connection with such 12b-1
Plan. You will furnish the Fund and us with such information as may be
reasonably requested by the Fund or its directors or trustees or by us with
respect to such fees paid to you pursuant to this Agreement.

LEGAL COMPLIANCE: This Agreement and any transaction with, or payment to, you
pursuant to the terms hereof is conditioned on your representation to us that,
as of the date of this Agreement you are, and at all times during its
effectiveness you will be: (a) a registered broker/dealer under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and qualified under applicable state securities laws in
each jurisdiction in which you are required to be qualified to act as a
broker/dealer in securities, and a member in good standing of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD"); or (b) a foreign
broker/dealer not eligible for membership in the NASD and otherwise in
compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws. You agree to
notify us promptly in writing and immediately suspend sales of Fund shares if
this representation ceases to be true. You also agree that, whether you are a
member of the NASD or a foreign broker/dealer not eligible for such membership,
you will comply with the rules of the NASD including, in particular, Sections 2
and 26 of Article III thereof, and that you will maintain adequate records with
respect to your transactions with the Funds.

BLUE SKY MATTERS: We shall have no obligation or responsibility with respect to
your right to sell Fund shares in any state or jurisdiction. From time to time
we may furnish you with information identifying the states and jurisdictions,
under the securities laws of which it is believed a Fund's shares may be sold.
You will not transact orders for Fund shares in states or jurisdictions in which
we indicate Fund shares may not be sold. You agree to offer and sell Fund shares
outside the United States only in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and
regulations of any foreign government having jurisdiction over such transactions
in addition to any applicable laws, rules and regulations of the United States.

LITERATURE: We will furnish you with copies of each Fund's Prospectus, sales
literature and other information made publicly available by the Fund, in
reasonable quantities upon your request. You agree to deliver a copy of the
current Prospectus in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of
1933 to each purchaser of Fund shares for whom you act as broker. We shall file
Fund sales literature and promotional material with NASD and SEC as required.
You may not publish or use any sales literature or promotional materials with
respect to the Funds without our prior review and written approval.




NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS: All communications from you should be addressed to
us at One Commerce Square, 0000 Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000. Any
notice from us to you shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or
telegraphed to you at the address set forth below. Each of us may change the
address to which notices shall be sent by notice to the other in accordance with
the terms hereof.

TERMINATION: This Agreement may be terminated by either party at any time by
written notice to that effect and will terminate without notice upon the
appointment of a trustee for you under the Securities Investor Protection Act,
or any other act of insolvency by you. Notwithstanding the termination of this
Agreement, you shall remain liable for any amounts otherwise owing to us or the
Funds for your portion of any transfer tax or other liability which may be
asserted or assessed against the Fund, or us, or upon any one or more of the
selected dealers based upon the claim that the selected dealers or any of them
constitute a partnership, an unincorporated business or other separate entity.

AMENDMENT: This Agreement may be amended or revised at any time by us upon
notice to you and, unless you notify us in writing to the contrary, you will be
deemed to have accepted such modifications.

GENERAL: Your acceptance hereof will constitute an obligation on your part to
observe all the terms and conditions hereof. In the event you breach any of the
terms and conditions of this Agreement, you will indemnify us, the Funds, and
our affiliates for any damages, losses, costs and expenses (including reasonable
attorneys' fees) arising out of or relating to such breach and we may offset any
such damages, losses, costs and expenses against any amounts due to you
hereunder. Nothing contained herein shall constitute you, us and any dealers an
association or partnership. All references in this Agreement to the "Prospectus"
refer to the then current version of the Prospectus and include the Statement of
Additional Information incorporated by reference therein and any stickers or
supplements thereto. This Agreement supercedes and replaces any prior agreement
between us and you with respect to your purchase and sale of Fund shares and its
to be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

Please confirm this Agreement by executing one copy of this Agreement below and
returning it to us. Keep the enclosed duplicate copy for your records.

DELAWARE DISTRIBUTORS, L.P.

By: Delaware Distributors, Inc., General Partner

By: ____________________________________________________________________________

Name: __________________________________________________________________________

Title: _________________________________________________________________________




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                          DEALER'S AGREEMENT ACCEPTANCE

DELAWARE DISTRIBUTORS, L.P.

The undersigned hereby confirms the Dealer's Agreement and acknowledges that any
purchase of Fund shares made during the effectiveness of this Agreement is
subject to all the applicable terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement,
and agrees to pay for the shares at the price and upon the terms and conditions
stated in the Agreement. The undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt of
Prospectuses relating to the Fund shares and confirms that, in executing the
Dealer's Agreement. It has relied in such Prospectuses and not on any other
statement whatsoever, written or oral.

              INVESTMENT DEALER PLEASE SIGN HERE AND COMPLETE BELOW

DELAWARE DISTRIBUTORS, L.P.               (DEALER)

By: __________________________________    By: __________________________________

Name: ________________________________    Name: ________________________________

Title: _______________________________    Title: _______________________________

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