JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

     The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

Dated: January 26, 2005

                                ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                for itself and as general partner of
                                ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP


                                By: Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx*
                                    --------------------------------------------


                                XXXXXX X. XXXXXXX


                                Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx*
                                ------------------------------------------------


                                XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX


                                Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx*
                                ------------------------------------------------


                                ARTISAN FUNDS, INC.


                                By: Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx*
                                    --------------------------------------------


                                *By: /s/ Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
                                     -------------------------------------------
                                     Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
                                     Chief Financial Officer of Artisan
                                     Investment Corporation
                                     Attorney-in-Fact for Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                     Attorney-in-Fact for Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx
                                     Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of
                                     Artisan Funds, Inc.

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