EXHIBIT 1 JOINT FILING AGREEMENT AMONG FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC., ERIC F. BILLINGS, AND EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN WHEREAS, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Act"), only one joint statement and...

EXHIBIT 1

      JOINT FILING AGREEMENT AMONG FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, XXXXXX GROUP, INC.,
                    XXXX X. XXXXXXXX, AND XXXXXXX X. XXXXXXXX


     WHEREAS, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities and Exchange
Act of 1934 (the "Act"),  only one joint  statement and any  amendments  thereto
need to be filed  whenever  one or more  persons  are  required  to file  such a
statement or any  amendments  thereto  pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Act with
respect to the same securities, provided that said persons agree in writing that
such statement or amendments thereto is filed on behalf of each of them;

     NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

     FRIEDMAN,  BILLINGS,  XXXXXX GROUP, INC., XXXX X. XXXXXXXX,  AND XXXXXXX X.
XXXXXXXX hereby agree, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Act, to file a
statement  on Schedule  13G  relating to their  ownership of Common Stock of the
Issuer and do hereby further agree that said statement  shall be filed on behalf
of each of them. FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, XXXXXX GROUP, INC.


Dated:   September 10, 2003           By: /s/ XXXXXXX X. XXXXXXXX
                                      ---------------------------------
                                      Name:  Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
                                      Title: Co-Chairman


Dated:   September 10, 2003           /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXXXX
                                      ----------------------------------
                                      Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx



Dated:   September 10, 2003           /s/ XXXXXXX X. XXXXXXXX
                                      ----------------------------------
                                      Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx