EXHIBIT 1 JOINT FILING AGREEMENT The undersigned hereby agree to jointly file a statement on Schedule 13D, together with any amendments thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of Rule 13d-1(f) under the...

                                                                      EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

         The  undersigned  hereby  agree to jointly file a statement on Schedule
13D,  together with any  amendments  thereto,  with the  Securities and Exchange
Commission  pursuant to the  requirements  of Rule 13d-1(f) under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

         This Joint Filing Agreement may be signed in counterpart copies.


Date:  October 30, 1998                    VEBA Aktiengesellschaft



                                           By: /s/  Hans Xxxxxxx Xxxx
                                              ------------------------------
                                              Name:  Dr. Hans Xxxxxxx Xxxx
                                              Title:  Chief Financial Officer


                                           By: /s/  Xxxx Xxxxxx
                                              ------------------------------
                                              Name:  Xx. Xxxx Xxxxxx
                                              Title:  Executive Vice President


Date:  October 30, 1998                    VEBA Corporation



                                           By: /s/ Xxxxx X. Puetthof
                                              ------------------------------
                                              Name:  H. H. Puetthof
                                              Title:  President