EXHIBIT 10.6
License Agreement, dated June 13, 1996, between
the Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx Institute and the Company
LICENSE AGREEMENT
THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is executed this 13th day
of June, 1996, by and between International Building Concepts, Ltd., a
Minnesota corporation ("Licensor"), and Innovative Homes, Inc., a Minnesota
corporation ("Licensee").
RECITALS
A. WHEREAS, Licensor and The Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx Institute, a
Minnesota nonprofit corporation, ("WCNI") entered into an arrangement which
resulted in the formation of Licensee; and
B. WHEREAS, as part of the agreement between Licensor and WCNI,
licensor agreed to provide Licensee with both an exclusive and a
non-exclusive license for the right to manufacture, market and sell Housing
[as that term is defined in the Shareholder Control Agreement of even date
herewith by and between Licensor and WCNI (the "Shareholder Control Agreement")]
; and
C. WHEREAS, the licensing rights contained in the Shareholder
Control Agreement and this Agreement relate to that certain invention
disclosed and claimed in the Application for United States Letters Patent
filed on February 7, 1996 under Application Number 60/011,265 and entitled A
Monolithic Shelter (the "Licensed Product").
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the recitals and the mutual
covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as
follows:
1. In consideration of the respective rights and responsibilities of
Licensor and WCNI as provided for in the Shareholder Control Agreement,
Licensor agrees to grant Licensee a perpetual, exclusive and non-exclusive,
royalty-free license to manufacture, use, sell and otherwise exploit the
Licensed Product and technology described in the Application for United
States Letters Patent Number 60/011,265 and, as further expanded by Section
1.10 of the Shareholder Control Agreement, for its remaining term, including
any extension or renewal thereof (the "License'), subject to the following
limitations:
(a) EXCLUSIVE TERRITORY. The exclusive territory of this License
shall be limited to the following areas:
1. The Province of Manitoba, Canada;
2. All Indian tribes in the United States and Canada and the
territory in which the respective tribes or members of the respective
tribes reside; and
3. All areas south of the Canadian border from Pembina, North
Dakota, to Omaha, Nebraska, and extending 50 miles east and 50 miles
west of Interstate Highway I-29.
Licensor agrees that it will not sell or assist others in selling in
the exclusive territory granted under this License to Licensee.
(b) NON-EXCLUSIVE TERRITORY. Licensor grants Licensee a
non-exclusive license to manufacture, use, sell and otherwise exploit the
Licensed Product. The License shall not apply to and shall have no force
or effect in any territory for which Licensor grants another person or
entity an exclusive license to manufacture, use, sell and otherwise exploit
the Licensed Product. Licensor shall keep Licensee apprised at all times
of any and all other such licenses; provided, however, that prior to
granting another person or entity an exclusive license to manufacture, use,
sell or otherwise exploit the Licensed Product, Licensor shall give
Licensee a right of first refusal to provide the Licensed Product in the
territory to be granted to another person or entity under the same terms
and conditions under which Licensor would grant an exclusive license to
that third party.
2. THE SHAREHOLDER CONTROL AGREEMENT. The terms and provisions of
the Shareholder Control Agreement shall be read to be consistent, explanatory
or complementary to the terms hereof
3. INDEMNIFICATION. If Licensee promptly notifies Licensor in
writing of a third-party claim against Licensee that a Licensed Product
infringes a presently existing United States Patent, a copyright or a trade
secret, Licensor will defend such claims at its expense and will pay any
costs or damages that may be finally awarded against Licensee. Licensee
agrees to cooperate with Licensor in the defense of such claims, provided
Licensor pays Licensee's reasonable costs and expenses, as they are incurred,
including attorneys' fees. Licensor will not indemnify Licensee, however, if
the claim of infringement is solely caused by
(a) Licensee's misuse or modification of the Licensed Product.
(b) Licensee's failure to use corrections or enhancements made
available by Licensor.
(c) Licensee's use of the Licensed Product in combination with
any product or information not owned or developed by Licensor and such
other products give rise to the claim.
(d) Information, direction, specification or materials provided
by Licensee or any third party.
If the Licensed Product is, or in Licensor's reasonable opinion is likely to
be, held to constitute an infringing product, Licensor shall at its expense
and option either
(a) procure the right for Licensee to continue using it at no
additional costs to Licensee;
(b) replace it with non-infringing equivalent;
(c) modify it to make it non-infringing while retaining functional
equivalence; or
(d) direct Licensee, with respect to the infringing portion of the
Licensed Product, to cease exercise of the license grants provided under
this Agreement, in which case the parties agree to enter into good fifth
negotiations with respect to redefining this Agreement with respect to any
non-infringing portion of the Licensed Product.
The foregoing remedies constitute Licensee's sole and exclusive remedies and
Licensor's entire liability with respect to infringement.
4. WARRANTY. Licensor warrants that the Licensed Product will
conform to the specifications and other documents set forth in the following
schedules:
Schedule 1 - Specifications for Housing
A - Model 864
B - Model 1008
C - Model 1152
Schedule 2 - Product Guarantee
Schedule 3 - Code Compliance Letter
Schedule 4 - National Evaluation Service Reports
Schedule 5 - Structural Diagram.
A - Exterior Sketch
B - Structural Diagrams and Notes
C - Interior, Roof and Foundation Plans
D - Plans for Model 864
E - Plans for Model 1008
F - Plans for Model 1152
G - Electrical, Water and Insulation Plans
Schedule 6 - Patent Applications
A - Application Receipt
B - Provisional Application
C - Application Drawings
Licensor further warrants that Licensee is entitled through this License
Agreement to future improvements in the patent application, plans and
specifications for the Housing and other trade secrets related thereto. All
future improvements and trade secrets are the property of Licensor.
This warranty is exclusive and is in lieu of all other warranties,
express, implied, statutory or otherwise with respect to the Licensed
Product, (but excluding other warranties in this Agreement regarding the
licensed intellectual property), and all implied warranties, including the
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, are
expressly disclaimed.
5. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. In no event shall either party be
liable to the other party for any incidental, consequential, indirect,
punitive or economic damages (including, but not limited to, lost profits),
regardless of whether such liability is based on breach of contract, tort,
strict liability, breach of warranties, or failure of essential purpose, and
even if a party is: advised of the possibility of such damages. The parties
expressly agree that these limitations of damages have been specifically
agreed to between the parties and shall survive the determination of any
court of competent jurisdiction that any remedy provided herein fails of its
essential purpose.
6. ARBITRATION. The parties agree that any controversy or claim
arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the breach hereof shall be
settled by arbitration in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of
the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The arbitration shall
take place in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Judgment on the award may be entered
in any court in the state of Minnesota or in any other state having
jurisdiction over the party against which the award was made and Licensor and
Licensee hereby consent to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts
in the state of Minnesota. The award of any arbitration shall be final,
conclusive and binding on the parties hereto. The prevailing party in any
such arbitration shall be entitled to its costs of arbitration and reasonable
attorneys fees incurred therein.
7. CONTRACT PROVISION. The parties agree that it is their intention
to create this Agreement as a contract protected under Section 365(n) of the
United States Bankruptcy Code, and laws supplementary and amendatory thereof.
8. FURTHER ASSURANCES. The parties each agree to complete, execute
and deliver any additional instruments and to take any further action
reasonably required or appropriate to consummate the transactions
contemplated in this Agreement.
9. INVALIDITY. If for any reason any term or provision of this
Agreement shall be declared void and unenforceable by any court of law or
equity, or shall not be able to be performed by reason of any state or
federal regulation, law or ordinance, it shall only affect such particular
term
or provision of this Agreement, and the balance of this Agreement shall
remain in full force and effect and shall be binding upon the parties hereto.
10. NOTICES. The parties hereto shall keep each other apprised of
their addresses until all of the obligations arising under this Agreement
have been discharged. All notices, requests, demands and other communications
hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if
delivered or mail, by registered mail, first class, postage paid, return
receipt requested, or any other delivery service with proof of delivery.
11. BINDING EFFECT; ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement shall be binding
upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective
successors and permitted assigns, but shall not be assignable by operation of
law or otherwise by either party hereto without the prior written consent of
the other party.
12. COMPLETE AGREEMENT. This Agreement is a complete and exclusive
statement of the Agreement between the parties and supersedes and merges all
other prior understandings and agreements, oral or written, relating to the
subject matter of this Agreement, except for that certain Shareholder Control
Agreement of even date herewith.
13. NON-DISCLOSURE. Licensee shall not disclose to others the
terms and conditions of this Agreement except a required by law or
governmental regulations, or as may be authorized in writing by Licensor.
14. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Minnesota.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
as of the date first above written.
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CONCEPTS,
LTD.
By:
------------------------------------
Its:
-----------------------------------
INNOVATIVE HOMES, INC.
By:
------------------------------------
Its:
-----------------------------------
SCHEDULE 1A
SPECIFICATIONS FOR HOUSING
MODEL 864
Assembly R and U-Value Forms 1008 sq ft STD PLAN TO MINNESOTA ENERGY CODE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED WALL ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 24.76
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .04
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
WALL FRAMING AREA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRYWALL 1/2" 0.45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WOOD FRAMING 2 1/2" 3.12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIDING. - 0.61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient 0.68
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 4.88
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value 0.204
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED ROOF ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 45.81
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .021
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
ROOF FRAMING ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHINGLES - .44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ROOF SKIN 1/2" .62
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RAFTERS 11 1/2" 14.37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHEET ROCK 1/2" .45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 17.10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .058
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PLAN, SPECIFICATION OR REPORT WAS PREPARED BY ME OR
UNDER MY DIRECT SUPERVISION, AND THAT I AM A DULY REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.
X /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXX
---------------------
DATED 3/5/96 REG. NO. 19164
---------------
Assembly R and U-Value Forms 864 sq ft STD PLAN TO MINNESOTA ENERGY CODE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED WALL ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 24.76
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .04
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
WALL FRAMING AREA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRYWALL 1/2" 0.45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WOOD FRAMING 2 1/2" 3.12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIDING. - 0.61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient 0.68
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 4.88
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value 0.204
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED ROOF ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 45.81
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .021
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
ROOF FRAMING ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHINGLES - .44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ROOF SKIN 1/2" .62
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RAFTERS 11 1/2" 14.37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHEET ROCK 1/2" .45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 17.10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .058
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PLAN, SPECIFICATION OR REPORT WAS PREPARED BY ME OR
UNDER MY DIRECT SUPERVISION, AND THAT I AM A DULY REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.
X /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXX
-------------------------
DATED 3/5/96 REG. NO. 19164
--------------------
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE WORKSHEET
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SITE ADDRESS CITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME OF PERSON COMPLETING FORM DATE
XXXXXX X. XXXXXX MARCH 5TH 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEILING/ROOF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly Area (Sq Ft) U-Value U-Value x Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 916 .021 19.23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 28 .058 1.62
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Skylights
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals A 944 B 20.85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: B 20.85 DIVIDED BY A 944. C .0220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) D .0250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPOSED WALL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 1098 .04 43.92
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 12 .204 2.448
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Windows 120 .52 62.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doors 40 .065 2.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rim Joist
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fireplace Wall
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Wall (above grade)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals E 1270 F 111.368
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: F 111.368 DIVIDED BY E 1270 G .087
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) H .110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL ENVELOPE METHOD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If C is greater than D, or G is greater than H, complete the following to determine
the design necessary to meet the envelope criteria of the Energy Code.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed Total: B + F I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ceiling Budget: D x A J
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wall Budget: H x E K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Envelope Budget: J + K L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed - Budget: I - X X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If M is greater than zero, adjust R-Values or areas and recalculate so that I
is less than or equal to L.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grade and the area of the floor, then calculate the heat loss.
BELOW GRADE WALL HEAT LOSS:
960 x 4
----------- -----------
(wall area) (heat loss)
= 3840 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line C)
BELOW GRADE FLOOR HEAT LOSS:
864 x 4
----------- -----------
(floor area) (heat loss)
= 3840 Btu/hr
-----------------
(enter on Line C)
Place the results on the appropriate location on the heat loss worksheet.
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS
This heat loss factor is important, but unfortunately, is the most
difficult to estimate accurately. The method shown here uses an estimate of air
changes per hour for the above grade portion of the building at design
conditions. Some commonly accepted numbers are 0.75 air-changes per hour for
new houses, and 1.5 air-changes per hour for old houses.
These numbers could be smaller or larger if the building is exceptionally
tight or unusually loose.
Calculate the above grade volume of the building in cubic feet. If a floor
is partially below ground, measure its height from the grade line to the floor
of the next level. Multiply interior length by width by height to find the
volume. Then apply the following equation:
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS:
0.018 x .75 x 8640
------------ ---------
(air-changes (volume)
per hour)
= 116.94 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line Q)
Put the result on the heat loss worksheet.
DESIGN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
Check with your local code official (or call the Energy Information Center)
about the correct design temperature to use in your area. This will vary from
-16DEG. F to -29DEG. F, depending on your location in the state. Note that this
is not as cold as it ever gets in the location, but it does not usually get
colder than this for long enough to be a problem. Put the design temperature
number on the blank below and calculate the design temperature difference
(T.D.). Note that since the design temperature in Minnesota is less than 0DEG.
F the design temperature will always be greater than 72.
DESIGN T.D.:
72 - -16 = 88 DEG. F
----------- -------
(design
temperature)
Put the design temperature difference number in 3 places on the heat loss
worksheet.
HEAT LOSS WORKSHEET
HEAT LOSS RATE CALCULATION:
Total UxA for roof/ceiling B 20.85 Btu/hr/DEG. F
-----
Total UxA for exposed wall F 111.368
-------
Below grade wall heat loss O 3840 DIVIDED BY -88 = 43.636
---- --------- -------
(Design T.D.)
Below grade floor heat loss P 3456 DIVIDED BY -88 = 39.27
---- --------- -------
(Design T.D.)
Infiltration heat loss Q 116.64
------
Heat Loss Rate (total of above) 331.764Btu/hr/DEG. F
-------
DESIGN HEAT LOSS:
331.764 x 88
----------------- --------------
(Heat Loss Rate) (Design T.D.)
= 29,195 .23 Btu/hr
--------------
ANNUAL HEATING COST
A very crude estimate of heating cost may be obtained with the following
equations. Actually, it is safest to use these estimates only for estimating
the possible savings due to modifying a given design or house.
You will need a multiplier value (MV) degree day adjustment, the annual
fuel efficiency (AFUE) of the heating system, the heating degree days for the
location, and the cost per unit of the heating fuel ($/Btu).
The heating degree day adjustment multiplier value should be chosen using
the following guidelines:
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS MULTIPLIER
VALUE (MV)
ABOVE AVERAGE 16.5
(very well insulated, tighter
than average, and above
average solar gain)
AVERAGE 18.4
BELOW AVERAGE 20.4
(poorly insulated, more than
average leakage, and below average solar gain)
QUANTITY OF FUEL PURCHASED:
16.5 x 8000
----- --------
(MV) (heating degree days)
x 331.764 DIVIDED BY 88%
---------------- --------
(heat loss rate) (AFUE)
= 49,764,600 Btu/year
----------
ANNUAL COST:
49,764,600 DIVIDED BY .42695
------------ -------
(Btu/year, ($/Btu)
from above) per 100,000 Btu
= 212.47 $/year
-------
SCHEDULE 1B
SPECIFICATIONS FOR HOUSING
MODEL 1008
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE WORKSHEET
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SITE ADDRESS CITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME OF PERSON COMPLETING FORM DATE
XXXXXX X. XXXXXX MARCH 5TH 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEILING/ROOF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly Area (Sq Ft) U-Value U-Value x Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 1065 .021 22.365
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 31 .058 1.798
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Skylights
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals A 1096 B 24.163
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: B 24.163 DIVIDED BY A 1096 C .0220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) D .0250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPOSED WALL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 1207 .04 48.28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 14 .204 2.856
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Windows 114 .52 59.28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doors 40 .065 2.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rim Joist
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fireplace Wall
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Wall (above grade)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals E 1375 F 113.016
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: F DIVIDED BY E G .0821
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) H .110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL ENVELOPE METHOD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If C is greater than D, or G is greater than H, complete the following to determine
the design necessary to meet the envelope criteria of the Energy Code.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed Total: B + F I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ceiling Budget: D x A J
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wall Budget: H x E K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Envelope Budget: J + K L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed - Budget: I - X X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If M is greater than zero, adjust R-Values or areas and recalculate so that I
is less than or equal to L.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grade and the area of the floor, then calculate the heat loss.
BELOW GRADE WALL HEAT LOSS:
1056 x 4
----------- -----------
(wall area) (heat loss)
= 4224 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line C)
BELOW GRADE FLOOR HEAT LOSS:
1008 x 4
----------- -----------
(floor area) (heat loss)
= 4032 Btu/hr
-----------------
(enter on Line C)
Place the results on the appropriate location on the heat loss worksheet.
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS
This heat loss factor is important, but unfortunately, is the most
difficult to estimate accurately. The method shown here uses an estimate of air
changes per hour for the above grade portion of the building at design
conditions. Some commonly accepted numbers are 0.75 air-changes per hour for
new houses, and 1.5 air-changes per hour for old houses.
These numbers could be smaller or larger if the building is exceptionally
tight or unusually loose.
Calculate the above grade volume of the building in cubic feet. If a floor
is partially below ground, measure its height from the grade line to the floor
of the next level. Multiply interior length by width by height to find the
volume. Then apply the following equation:
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS:
0.018 x .75 x 10080
------------ ---------
(air-changes (volume)
per hour)
= 136.08 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line Q)
Put the result on the heat loss worksheet.
DESIGN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
Check with your local code official (or call the Energy Information Center)
about the correct design temperature to use in your area. This will vary from
-16DEG. F to -29DEG. F, depending on your location in the state. Note that this
is not as cold as it ever gets in the location, but it does not usually get
colder than this for long enough to be a problem. Put the design temperature
number on the blank below and calculate the design temperature difference
(T.D.). Note that since the design temperature in Minnesota is less than 0DEG.
F the design temperature will always be greater than 72.
DESIGN T.D.:
72 - -16 = 88 DEG. F
----------- -------
(design
temperature)
Put the design temperature difference number in 3 places on the heat loss
worksheet.
HEAT LOSS WORKSHEET
HEAT LOSS RATE CALCULATION:
Total UxA for roof/ceiling B 20.163 Btu/hr/DEG. F
------
Total UxA for exposed wall F 113.016
-------
Below grade wall heat loss O 4224 DIVIDED BY 88 = 48.00
---- --------------------- ------
(Design T.D.)
Below grade floor heat loss P 4032 DIVIDED BY 88 = 45.818
---- --------------------- ------
(Design T.D.)
Infiltration heat loss Q 136.08
------
Heat Loss Rate (total of above) 367.077Btu/hr/DEG. F
-------
DESIGN HEAT LOSS:
367.077 x 88
----------------- --------------
(Heat Loss Rate) (Design T.D.)
= 32302.776 Btu/hr
--------------
ANNUAL HEATING COST
A very crude estimate of heating cost may be obtained with the following
equations. Actually, it is safest to use these estimates only for estimating
the possible savings due to modifying a given design or house.
You will need a multiplier value (MV) degree day adjustment, the annual
fuel efficiency (AFUE) of the heating system, the heating degree days for the
location, and the cost per unit of the heating fuel ($/Btu).
The heating degree day adjustment multiplier value should be chosen using
the following guidelines:
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS MULTIPLIER
VALUE (MV)
ABOVE AVERAGE 16.5
(very well insulated, tighter
than average, and above
average solar gain)
AVERAGE 18.4
BELOW AVERAGE 20.4
(poorly insulated, more than
average leakage, and below average solar gain)
QUANTITY OF FUEL PURCHASED:
16.5 x 8000
------ ------
(MV) (heating degree days)
x 367.077 DIVIDED BY 88%
---------------- --------
(heat loss rate) (AFUE)
= 55,061,550 Btu/year
----------
ANNUAL COST:
55,061,550 DIVIDED BY .42695
------------ -------
(Btu/year, ($/Btu)
from above) per 100,000 Btu
= 235.09 $/year
-------
SCHEDULE 1C
SPECIFICATIONS FOR HOUSING
MODEL 1152
Assembly R and U-Value Forms 1152 sq ft STD PLAN TO MINNESOTA ENERGY CODE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED WALL ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 24.76
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .04
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
WALL FRAMING AREA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRYWALL 1/2" 0.45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WOOD FRAMING 2 1/2" 3.12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIDING. - 0.61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient 0.68
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 4.88
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value 0.204
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
INSULATED ROOF ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM UNIHOME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAWING-INSULATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 45.81
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .021
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
ROOF FRAMING ASSEMBLY
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHINGLES - .44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ROOF SKIN 1/2" .62
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RAFTERS 11 1/2" 14.37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHEET ROCK 1/2" .45
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient .61
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance 17.10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value .058
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material (Describe) Thickness R-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exterior Film Coefficient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Assembly Thermal Resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly U-Value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PLAN, SPECIFICATION OR REPORT WAS PREPARED BY ME OR
UNDER MY DIRECT SUPERVISION, AND THAT I AM A DULY REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEER UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.
X /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXX
---------------------
DATED 3/5/96 REG. NO. 19164
---------------
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE WORKSHEET
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SITE ADDRESS CITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME OF PERSON COMPLETING FORM DATE
XXXXXX X. XXXXXX MARCH 5TH 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly Area (Sq Ft) U-Value U-Value x Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEILING/ROOF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 1213 .021 25.473
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 35 .058 2.03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Skylights
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals A 1248 B 27.503
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: B 27.503 DIVIDED BY A 1248 C .0220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) D .0250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPOSED WALL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insulated Area 1318 .04 52.72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Framing Area 14 .204 2.856
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Windows 138 .52 71.76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doors 40 .065 2.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rim Joist
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fireplace Wall
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Wall (above grade)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foundation Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals E 1510 F 129.936
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average U-Value: F 129.936 DIVIDED BY E 1510 G .0860
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required U-Value (from Energy Code) H .110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL ENVELOPE METHOD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If C is greater than D, or G is greater than H, complete the following to determine
the design necessary to meet the envelope criteria of the Energy Code.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed Total: B + F I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ceiling Budget: D x A J
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wall Budget: H x E K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Envelope Budget: J + K L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Designed - Budget: I - X X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If M is greater than zero, adjust R-Values or areas and recalculate so that I
is less than or equal to L.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grade and the area of the floor, then calculate the heat loss.
BELOW GRADE WALL HEAT LOSS:
1152 x 4
----------- -----------
(wall area) (heat loss)
= 4608 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line C)
BELOW GRADE FLOOR HEAT LOSS:
1152 x 4
----------- -----------
(floor area) (heat loss)
= 4608 Btu/hr
-----------------
(enter on Line C)
Place the results on the appropriate location on the heat loss worksheet.
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS
This heat loss factor is important, but unfortunately, is the most
difficult to estimate accurately. The method shown here uses an estimate of air
changes per hour for the above grade portion of the building at design
conditions. Some commonly accepted numbers are 0.75 air-changes per hour for
new houses, and 1.5 air-changes per hour for old houses.
These numbers could be smaller or larger if the building is exceptionally
tight or unusually loose.
Calculate the above grade volume of the building in cubic feet. If a floor
is partially below ground, measure its height from the grade line to the floor
of the next level. Multiply interior length by width by height to find the
volume. Then apply the following equation:
INFILTRATION HEAT LOSS:
0.018 x .75 x 11520
------------ ---------
(air-changes (volume)
per hour)
= 155.52 Btu/hr
----------------
(enter on Line Q)
Put the result on the heat loss worksheet.
DESIGN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
Check with your local code official (or call the Energy Information
Center) about the correct design temperature to use in your area. This will
vary from -16 DEG. F to -29 DEG. F, depending on your location in the state.
Note that this is not as cold as it ever gets in the location, but it does
not usually get colder than this for long enough to be a problem. Put the
design temperature number on the blank below and calculate the design
temperature difference (T.D.). Note that since the design temperature in
Minnesota is less than 0 DEG. F the design temperature will always be greater
than 72.
DESIGN T.D.:
72 - -16 = 88 DEG. F
----------- -------
(design
temperature)
Put the design temperature difference number in 3 places on the heat loss
worksheet.
HEAT LOSS WORKSHEET
HEAT LOSS RATE CALCULATION:
Total UxA for roof/ceiling B 27.503 Btu/hr/DEG. F
------
Total UxA for exposed wall F 129.936
-------
Below grade wall heat loss O 4608 DIVIDED BY 88 = 52.363
---- ------
(Design T.D.)
Below grade floor heat loss P 4608 DIVIDED BY 88 = 52.363
---- ------
(Design T.D.)
Infiltration heat loss Q 155.52
------
Heat Loss Rate (total of above) 417.685Btu/hr/DEG. F
-------
DESIGN HEAT LOSS:
417.685 x 88
----------------- --------------
(Heat Loss Rate) (Design T.D.)
= 36756.28 Btu/hr
--------------
ANNUAL HEATING COST
A very crude estimate of heating cost may be obtained with the following
equations. Actually, it is safest to use these estimates only for estimating
the possible savings due to modifying a given design or house.
You will need a multiplier value (MV) degree day adjustment, the annual
fuel efficiency (AFUE) of the heating system, the heating degree days for the
location, and the cost per unit of the heating fuel ($/Btu).
The heating degree day adjustment multiplier value should be chosen using
the following guidelines:
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS MULTIPLIER
VALUE (MV)
ABOVE AVERAGE 16.5
(very well insulated, tighter
than average, and above
average solar gain)
AVERAGE 18.4
BELOW AVERAGE 20.4
(poorly insulated, more than
average leakage, and below average solar gain)
QUANTITY OF FUEL PURCHASED:
16.5 x 8000
------------------------------
(MV) (heating degree days)
x 417.685 DIVIDED BY 88%
---------------- --------
(heat loss rate) (AFUE)
= 62,652,750 Btu/year
----------
ANNUAL COST:
62,652,750 DIVIDED BY .42695
------------ -------
(Btu/year, ($/Btu)
from above) per 100,000 Btu
= 267.49 $/year
-------
SCHEDULE 2
PRODUCT GUARANTEE
UNIHOME-TM-
PRODUCT GUARANTEE
Home Builders International (HBI) guarantees the specifications, workmanship,
and finishes of its manufactured products against production, dimension, and
material defects. HBI will replace defective components if reported within 7
days of receipt of purchase. The components and documentation must be kept for
inspection by an authorized HBI representative prior to replacement. HBI
reserves the right to supply the replacement of the component from any
manufacturing source it considers appropriate.
HBI guarantees product performance for a period of 10 (ten) years, subject to
construction by an authorized HBI Dealer or representative, however, this
guarantee is valid only on confirming that the UniHome-TM- has been erected to
the precise specifications set forth by Home Builders International.
Service Life Warranties, legislated in some states, are recognized, as written,
by HBI. All other warranties and guarantees provided by suppliers are available
on application.
No other guarantee or warranty is implied or provided.
-------------------------------
XXXXXX X. XXXXXX, PRESIDENT
SCHEDULE 3
CODE COMPLIANCE LETTER
HOME BUILDERS INTERNATIONAL
February 27, 1996
To Whom it may Concern:
UniHome is a component part building system that can be site built to produce
many floor plans and designs within a 12-foot modular concept. UniHome is not a
factory built home.
Letters from the Minnesota Department of Administration Building, Codes and
Standards Division confirm our company's opinion that our system is open
construction and therefore is to be reviewed and inspected by local
jurisdictions.
In a letter dated May 8, 1995, Xx. Xxxxx De Lonais, Building Code Representative
of the Building Codes and Standards Division of the Minnesota Department of
Administration wrote
"The panels as you are proposing to build would be of construction XXXX
0000.0000 sub part 16 and would not constitute a prefabricated building
XXXX 0000.0000 SUBP 15. The inspection and plan review would need to be
done by the local building official."
In a second letter dated October 9, 1995, Xx. Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, Supervisor of the
Manufactured Structures Division stated:
"The Minnesota Building Codes and Standards Division does not approve
building systems that are of open construction. The H.B.I. house is of
open construction and is therefore to be reviewed and inspected by local
jurisdictions."
Both letters referred to deficiencies by our corporation in terms of meeting
standards in Minnesota. These deficiencies which included such things as number
of GFCI circuits in the house, dimensioning of the plumbing layout and approval
of a specifically Minnesota licensed Engineer, have all been overcome. Xx. Xxxx
Xxxxxx P.E., Minnesota Registered Engineer No. 19164 was contracted to take all
the necessary steps to overcome our deficiencies and was authorized to
recalculate all engineering elements to confirm the opinion of engineers
licensed in other states where UniHome is assembled. Additionally, Xx. Xxxxxx
has redrafted the H.B.I. plans and specifications in a manner that is familiar
to Code Officials in the State of Minnesota.
Pg. 2 HOME BUILDERS INTERNATIONAL
Please feel free to contact me, Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, President of HBI, if you have
further questions regarding our system and its relationship to Minnesota Codes.
My telephone number is 000-000-0000.
Sincerely,
Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
President
RL:plt
SCHEDULE 4
NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICE REPORTS
Reproduced by APA with permissions of:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICE, INC.
PARTICIPATING MEMBERS:
SECRETARIAT SBCCI Public Safety
BOCA Evaluation Services, Inc. ICBO Evaluation Service, Inc. Testing and Evaluation Services, Inc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0000 Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx 0000 Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxx 000 Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx X
Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx 00000-0000 Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx 00000-0000 Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx 00000-0000
(000) 000-0000 (000) 000-0000 (000) 000-0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPORT NO. NER-QA397
REISSUED MARCH 1, 1994
NATIONAL EVALUATION REPORT THIS REPORT IS SUBJECT TO
COPYRIGHT -C- 1994, NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICES, INC. RE-EXAMINATION IN ONE YEAR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE FOR PLYWOOD, STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS, SPECIALTY WOOD
PRODUCTS, STRUCTURAL GLUED-LAMINATED TIMBER, PREFABRICATED WOOD I-JOISTS,
PLYWOOD CURVED PANELS, PLYWOOD-LUMBER BEAMS, PLYWOOD STRESSED-SKIN PANELS AND
SANDWICH PANELS
AMERICAN PLYWOOD ASSOCIATION
XXXX XXXXXX XXX 00000
XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX 00000
Listing:
AMERICAN WOOD SYSTEMS
XXXX XXXXXX XXX 00000
XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX 00000
1.0 SUBJECT
Compliance assurance for plywood, structural-use panels, specialty wood
products, structural glued-laminated timber, prefabricated wood I-joists,
plywood curved panels, plywood-lumber beams, plywood stressed-skin panels
and sandwich panels.
2.0 PROPERTY FOR WHICH EVALUATION IS SOUGHT
Compliance Assurance and/or Inspection Agency
3.0 DESCRIPTION
Compliance Assurance and/or Inspection Services are provided to verify that
manufactured products are representative of the products described in the
reported test results. The services provided are subject to the limitation
of Section 5.0, CONDITIONS OF USE
Compliance Assurance and/or Inspection Services are provided for the
following wood-based products:
A. Plywood
B. Structural-use Panels
C. Specialty Wood Products
D. Structural Glued-laminated Timber
E. Prefabricated Wood l-joists
F. Plywood Curved Panels
G. Plywood-Lumber Beams
H. Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels
I. Sandwich Panels
4.0 EVIDENCE SUBMITTED
Quality assurance program manual, prepared by American Plywood Association,
dated November, 1989. The manual includes the following:
1. Description of the organization, facilities and personnel.
2. Organiation Chart.
3. Trademark License Agreement
4. Affidavit of agency's third party independence.
5. Facsimiles of grade stamps
6. Adhesive Policy
7. Grading Policy
8. Qualification Policy
9. Product Standards
5.0 CONDITIONS OF USE
The National Evaluation Service Committee finds that the American Plywood
Association (APA) and American Wood Systems (AWS) meet the requirements for
recognition as a Compliance Assurance and/or Inspection Agency for the
products listed in Section 3.0, DESCRIPTION of this report, provided the
products labeled or listed by APA or AWS are specifically evaluated in a
current NES or NES Participating Member's evaluation report.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THIS REPORT IS LIMITED TO THE SPECIFIC PRODUCT AND DATA AND TEST REPORTS
SUBMITTED BY THE APPLICANT IN ITS APPLICATION REQUESTING THIS REPORT. NO
INDEPENDENT TESTS WERE PERFORMED BY THE NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICE, INC. (NES),
AND NES SPECIFICALLY DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AS
TO ANY FINDING OR OTHER MATTER IN T HIS REPORT OR AS TO ANY PRODUCT COVERED BY
THIS REPORT. THIS DISCLAIMER INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, MERCHANTABILITY.
THIS REPORT IS ALSO SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATION LISTED HEREIN.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reproduced by APA with permissions of:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICE, INC.
PARTICIPATING
MEMBERS:
SECRETARIAT SBCCI Public Safety
BOCA Evaluation Services, Inc. ICBO Evaluation Service, Inc. Testing and Evaluation Services, Inc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0000 Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx 0000 Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxx 000 Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx X
Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx 00000-0000 Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx 00000-0000 Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx 00000-0000
(000) 000-0000 (000) 000-0000 (000) 000-0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPORT NO. NER-QA397
REISSUED MARCH 1, 1994
NATIONAL EVALUATION REPORT THIS REPORT IS SUBJECT TO
COPYRIGHT -C- 1994, NATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICES, INC. RE-EXAMINATION IN ONE YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS
APA - THE ENGINEERED WOOD ASSOCIATION
XXXX XXXXXX XXX 00000
XXXXXX, XX 00000-0000
1.0 SUBJECT
Standards for Structural-Use Panels.
2.0 PROPERTY FOR WHICH EVALUATION IS SOUGHT
Product Performance and Installation Requirements For:
2.1 Wall Sheathing
2.2 Floor Sheathing
2.3 Roof Sheathing
2.4 Siding
3.0 DESCRIPTION
3.1 PRODUCT PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
3.1.1 General
APA - The Engineered Wood Association is an agency that promulgates the
following standards as published in the "Performance Standards and Policies
for Structural-Use Panels," PRP-108 (February 1994);
- Sturd-l-Floor Standard
- Sheathing Standard
- Siding Standard
The U.S. Department of Commerce promulgates Voluntary Product Standard PS
2-92 "Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels."
Panels evaluated under this report comply with either APA PRP-108 or DOC PS
2-92 requirements, or both. Although the structural performance
requirements of DOC PS 2-92 and APA PRP-108 are the same, the panel
identification stamp shall include the standard(s) to which the panel was
tested.
3.1.2 APA Rated Sturd-l-Floor
APA Rated Sturd-l-Floor standard covers thicknesses from 19/32 through 1
1/8 inches. Face ply (if veneer) and the ply adjacent to the face (if
veneer) shall meet the applicable requirements of DOC PS 1-83 for
underlayment grade. Veneer faces are touch sanded and the backs are
unsanded, touch sanded, or textured.
3.1.3 APA Rated Sheathing
APA Rated Sheathing standard identifies subfloor-span ratings of 16, 20,
24, 32 and 48 inches and roof-span ratings of 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, 54
and 60 inches, or wall-span ratings of 16 or 24 inches. The span rating is
determined on the basis of hte results of performance tests noted in
Sectoin 3.1.5 APA Rated Sheathing/Ceiling Deck has one face textured. APA
Rated wall Bracing has a wall span rating of 16 or 24 inches.
3.1.4 APA Rated Siding
ARA Rated Siding standr identifies span ratinsg (maximum stud spacings) of
16 and 24 inches. Panels are composed entirely of veneer, of combination
of veneer and reconstituted wood or entirely of reconstituted wood, except
that hardboard siding is not included. The span rating is determined on
the basis of results of performance tests as noted in Section 3.1.5.
3.1.5 Performance Requirements
3.1.5.1 Structural Performance: Structural-use panels meet performance
requirements established by the APA for concentrateed, impact,
and uniform loads for the end-use span on the grade xxxx. Panels
are tested dry, wetted and redried and, for certain loading
conditions, tested wet. Load test requirements are given in APA
PRP-108. Roof spans and live loads shall not exceed those given
in Table 3 and dead loads shall not exceed 10 psf. The live load
for floor panels shall not exceed 100 psf with a dead load not to
exceed 10 psf, except the Sturd-l-Floor panel, with a span
ratings of 48 inches on center, is limited to a total floor load
of 65 psf.
3.1.5.2 Panel Durability. The performance standard requires evaluation
of the resin bonding system. Exterior-type plywood, in U.S.
Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-83, is
designed to be permanently exposed in outdoor applications.
Siding panels are identified as Exterior. Other panels are
identified as Exposure 1 or 2 and are not intended for permanent
exposure to weather. Exposure 1 or 2 panels are designed to be
used for roof sheating, subflooring, combination subfloor-
underlayment, or wall sheating and shall be covered with an
approved roof covering or exterior wall covering. Panels
identified as Exposure 1 are designed to be used for roof
sheathing where exposed on the underside, such as on xxxxx.
3.1.6 Composition
3.1.6.1 Veneer: Veneer used in structural-use panels meets the veneer
requirements of DOC PS 1-83. Veneer not meeting the requirements
of DOC PS 1-83 is permitted to be used, provided the panels meet
the performance requirements for the panel grade. Veneer is used
throughout the all-veneer panels and for face and back plies or
inner layers in composite panels.
3.1.6.2 Reconstituted Wood: Panels composed entirely of reconstituted
wood are waferboard, oriented strand board or other wood-based
panels. The panels are manufactured to meet the performance
requirements given in APA PRP-108.
3.1.7 Panels
3.1.7.1 Size: panels are generally produced in nominal sizes of 4 feet
by 8 feet. Length and width tolerances are +0, -1/8 inch.
3.1.7.2 Tongue and Groove Joints: When panels have tongue-and-groove
joints, the joints are on the 8-foot sides, 4-foot ends, or both.
3.1.7.3 Shiplap Edges: When siding panels have shiplap edges, the edges
occur on the 8, 9 or 10 foot sides. The joint is typically cut
approxmately one-half way through the thickeness and when
installed (after expansion occurs), provides a 3/8-inch lap.
4.0 INSTALLATION
4.1 GENERAL
The Structural-Use Panels shall be installed in accordance with this report
and the applicable code.
All panels used for floors and roofs shall be installed over two or more
spans, with the long dimension perpendicular to supports spaced in
accordance with the span rating. Where the strong panel direction is not
parallel to the long dimension, or where the span rating applies to either
direction, panels shall be so identified and shall be installed
accordingly. A 1/2-inch gap shall be provided between the panel and
concrete or masonry walls. Cutouts for plumbing and electrical shall be
oversized. Firestopping is required in accordance with the applicable
code.
Framing members shall align with the panel surface. Square-edged panels
used for floors shall be covered with one of the following:
- Minimum 1/4-inch-thicke underlayment; or
- Minimum 1 1/2 inches of cellular or lightweight concrete; or
- Three-fourth-inch wood strip finish flooring; or
- The edges shall be supported with blocking.
Fasteners shall be located a minimum of 3/8 inch from panel edges.
Supported panel joints shall occur approximately along the centerline of
framing with a minimum bearing of 1/2 inch.
4.2 STURD-I-FLOOR
panel-end joints shall be staggered. Ring- or screw-shank nails are used
to attach Sturd-I-Floor panels to supports -- 6d for thicknesses through
3/4 inch and 8d for greater thicknesses. nails are spaced a maximum of 6
inches on center along panel edges and 12 inches on center along
intermediate supports except that for 48-inch spans the maximum spacing
shall be 6 inches along intermediate supports. Sturd-I-Floor panels having
nonveneer faces and intended for use under nontextile resilient flooring
shall be covered with 1/4-inch minimum thickness underlayment.
If panels are field glued with an adhesive meeting APA Specification AFG-01
applied to joists and tongue-and-groove edges, nails shall be spaced a
maximum of 12 inches along all bearings for panels 3/4 inch or less, and 6
inches for thicker panels. Framing shall be free of surface moisture,
dirt, cement, and other foreign materials prior to application of the
adhesive.
Adhesives shall be applied in accordance with the adhesive manufacture's
instructions. The application rate shall be 1/4-inch diameter bead applied
to each joist or blocking member, except two 1/4-inch diameter beads shall
be applied where panels abut on a joist. Tongue-and-groove joints shall
also be glued. Installation of the panels shall be within the time limite
designated by the adhesive manufacturer. Where diaphragm action is
required, the nail size and spacing shall be as set forth in Table 1.
If panels are square edged and resilient floor covering is to be applied
directly, panel edges shall be supported by 2-inchlumber blockign. Wehre
panels are covered with a 1/4-inch minimum thickness underlayment or have
tongue-and-groove edges, blocking is not required except if required by
Table 1.
4.3 SHEATHING
4.3.1 Wall Sheathing and Floor Panels
Panels used for wall sheathing are permitted to be installed with the long
panel dimension either perpendicular or parallel to studs. Panels rated
for wall spans shall be installed over the studs spaced no farther apart
than the span rating. When panels rated for roof spans are used for wall
sheathing, the maximum stud spacing is 16 inches for panels with ratings of
16 aqnd 20 inches, and 24 inches for 24 inches and greater span rating.
Panels used for wall sheathging are alternatives to the plywood sheathing
specified in thecode for wall bracing. The panels are considered water-
rellent panel sheathing as defined in the Standard Building Code and
Uniform Building Code. The panels shall be covered by an exterior wall
covering complying with the appropriate code, as noted in Section 3.1.5.2
Wall and floor panels 1/2 inche and less in thickness are fastened withy
6d common nails; 8d nails are used for thickeer panels. Nails are spaced 6
inches on center at panel edges supported by framing and 12 inches on
center at other supports. A 6 inch on center spacing shall be used when
supports are spaced 48 inches on center.
4.3.2 Draftstopping
When panels are used as draftstopping material, the minimum thickness of
the panel shall be 3/8 inch.
4.3.3 Roof Sheathing
Allowable live loads for panels used for roof sheathing with long panel
dimension across supports are given in Table 3. Panel-edge clips shall be
used at unsupported edges, if required by Table 3.
Allowable live loads for panels for roof sheathing applied with the long
panel dimension parallel to supports are given in Table 4. Roof panels
shall be fastened with 8d common nails spaced 6 inches on center at panel
edges supported by framing and 12 inches on center at other supports.
Fastener schedule applies when Xxxxxxx-fir or southern pine roof framing
spaced up to 24 inches on center is used in one or two-story construction,
when the basic wind speed is 70 mph maximum in areas using the 1993 BOCA
National Building Code or 1994 Standard Building Code. Nails shall be
spaced 6 inches on center at allsupports within 4 feet of ridges, xxxxx and
xxxxx ends and at panel edges supported byframing, and 12 inches on center
at other supporrts, when the basic wind speed is greater than 70 mph and no
greater than 100 mph in areas using hte 1994 Uniform Building Code, or the
basic wind speed is greater than 80 mph, but not greater than 110 mph, in
areas using hte 1993 BOCA National Building Code or the 1994 Standard
Building Code.
Staples used for attaching rated sheathing to framing shall be as approvbed
for plywood of the same thickness.
4.3.4 Diaphagm Construction
When used in diaphragm construction, structural-use panels are assigned the
values in Table 1. Diaphragm dimension ratios permitted in the code for
plywood applyl to structural-use panels. The unblocked values shown also
apply topanesl having tongue-and-groove joints along the longitudinal
edges, except as noted below.
One-and-one-eighth-inch (1 1/8) AAP structural-use panesl fastened with 8d
ring- or screw-shank nails or 10d common nails are assigend the values for
10d common nails and 19/32-inch minimum nominal panel thickness in Table 1.
Where blocked values are requierd for 1 3/32- or 1 1/8 inch tongue-and-
groove panels, 1 inch by 3/8-inch crown by No. 16 gauge staples shall be
driven through the tongue-and-groove edges 3/8 inch from the joint and
driven so as to penetrate the tongue as illustrated in Figure 1. Staples
shall be spaced at one half the boundary nail spacing for Cases 1 and 2,
Table 1, and at one third the boundary nail spacing for Caseds 3 through 6,
Table 1.
4.3.5 Shear Walls
When used in shear walls, APA Rated Sheathing is assigned the values in
Table 2 except that the allowable shear for APA Rated Wall Bracing panesl
applied directly to studs in accordance with the above nail schedule shall
be 180 plf regardless of panel thickness. Diaphragm dimension ratios
permitted in the code for plywood apply to structural-use panels.
For purposes of determining seismic forces for design, the values of K and
Rw, given in the applicable code for plywood shall apply to structural-use
panels, for buildings not more than three stories in height with stud wall
framing using siding, sheathing or Sturd-I-Floor panels for the shear walls
and diaphragms for the lateral force system.
4.4 SIDING
4.4.1 General
When siding is applied directly to studs, the studs shall be spaced no
further apart than the span rating included in the grade xxxx on the panel.
All veneer-faced siding panels with a span rating of 16 or 24 inches on
center are permitted to be installed over studs spaced 24 inches on center
when applied with face grain horizontal or over nailable sheathing. Other
siding panels with a span rating of 16 or 24 inches on center are permitted
to be applied over studes spaced 24 inches on center when applied over
nailable sheathing. Nailable sheating shall be norminal 1-inch boards or
structural-use panesl of thickensses permitted in the appicable code
forplywood sheathing to which the siding is directly attached.
Fasteners for attaching siding shall benonstaining box, siding or casing
nails. For panels 1/2 inch thick or less, use 6d nails,and 8d for thicker
panels. For 3/8-inch and thinner lap siding, use 6d nails and 8d for
thicker lap siding.
4.4.2 Panel Siding
Panel siding is designed to be applied whtout building paper either direct
to framing or over sheathing, provided all siding joints occur over framing
and are protected with a continuous wood batt, approved caulking, flashing,
vetical or horizontal shiplaps, or otherwise made waterproof. Where
grooved siding is applied horizontally direct to framing, buidling paper
shallb e installed behind the siding, in accordance with tehapplicable
code. Siding shall be fastened directly to framing in accordance with
plywood provision of the code. When siding 1/2 inch or less in thickness
is installed over foam sheathing up to 1 inch in thickness, the siding
shall be fastened with 8d galvanized box nails. Siding greater than 1/2
inch in thickness applied over foam sheathing shallbe fastened with 10d
galvanized box nails. The foam sheathing shall conform to the code.
Panel siding applied directly to studs, spaced in accordance with the span
rating and fastened with 6d galvanized box nails or equivalent, spaced 6
inches on center at panel edges and 12 inches on center at intermediate
studs, is an alternative to the plywood sheathing construction specified in
the code for wall bracing.
Shear values for all-veneer panel siding shall be as given in Table 2 for
siding applied directly to studes, or over 1/2-or 5/8-inch gypsum
sheathing. Thickness at poit of nailing at panel edges determines
applicable values.
All-veneer panel siding, identified as APA 303, applied over maximum 1-
inch-thick foam sheathing, as described above, on studs spaced 16 or 24
inches on center, with 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard installed on the interior
face, is an alternative to the plywood sheathing construction specified in
the code for wall bracing.
For use as roof sheathing with the underside exposed, the allowable spans
for all-veneer siding identified as "303," shall conform to Table 5.
4.4.3 Lap Siding
Lap siding is applied either to framing or over nailable sheaething as
defined above. When installed either directly to framing or over boards,
building paper (weather-resistive barrier) is required to be installed over
the framing in accordance with the applicable code. Vertical-end-joints
shall be either caulked or otherwise installed in accordance with
recommendations of the siding manufacturere. Siding joints, if staggered,
are allowed to occur away from studs when nailable sheathing is used. When
lap siding is installed over nailable sheathing, nails shall be spaced 8-
inches on center along the bottom edge. If siding is wider than 12 inches,
also nail siding to intermediate studs with nails spaced 8 inches on
center.
5.0 IDENTIFICATION
The Structural-Use Panesl shall be identified in accordance with the
Nationall Evaluation Service report or individual model code evlauation
service report that specifically evaluates the panels.
6.0 EVIDENCE SUBMITTED
6.1 APA Research Report 135-C, titled "Test Methods and Performance
Requirements for Floor and Roof Sheathings."
6.2 Calculations of plywood section properites and allowable loads.
6.3 APA Specification and Policy for Structural-Use Panel Sheathing.
6.4 Performance Standards and Policies for Structural-Use Panels, APA
PRP-108; February, 1994.
6.5 Tests and calculations for racking-shear values.
6.6 Calculations for rated siding used as roof sheathing.
6.7 Calculations for wind resistance.
6.8 APA Research Report 148--Structural Performance of Wood-Based Siding.
6.9 APA Research Report 149--Dimensional Performance of Wood-Based
Siding.
6.10 APA Lap Siding Installation Guide, dated July, 1987.
6.11 Calculations on the recommended roof snow loads for APA rated
sheathing 54/32 and60/48 and Sturd-L-Floor 48 inches on center and 24
inches on center; sealed by Xxxx X. Xxxxxxx, P.E.
6.12 APA Technical Note No. N375A titled "Design Capacities of the APA
Performance-Rated Structural-Use Panels," dated September, 1991.
6.13 APA Report No. T88-16, titled "Design Values for Structural Panel
Products," prepared by Xxxxxxx X. X'Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx,
dated May, 1988.
6.14 U. S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-92,
dated August, 1992.
6.15 Calculations for fastener spacing on roof sheathing, dated
December 29, 1993 prepared and stamped by Xxxxxxx Xxxxx, P.E.
7.0 CONDITIONS OF USE
The National Evaluation Service Committee finds that the Standards for
Structural-Use Panels described in this report are acceptable alternative
materials to those specified in the 1993 BOCA National Building Code, the
1994 Standard Building Code, the 1994 Uniform Building Code, and the 1992
CABO One and Two Family Dwelling Code, subject to the following conditions:
7.1 Structural-Use panel developed in accordance with the procedure
described in this report shall be evaluated in a current National
Evaluation Service report or individual raeport of a participating
member.
7.2 Span ratings and load capacities are based on untreated panels or
plywood panels treated only with preservatives in accordance withAWPA
Standards C9, C22 or C29. Structural performance characteristics of
FRT panels are outside the scope of this report and require
evaluation in accordance with the applicable code.
TABLE 1
ALLOWABLE SHEAR (POUNDS PER FOOT) FOR HORIZONTAL APA STRUCTURAL-USE PANEL
DIAPHRAGMS WITH FRAMING OF XXXXXXX FIR-LARCH OR SOUTHERN PINE(1) FOR WIND OR
SEISMIC LOADING(5)
BLOCKED DIAPHRAGMS UNBLOCKED DIAPHRAGMS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Nail Spacing (In.) At Diaphragm Boundaries (All
Cases) at Continuous Panel Edges Parallel to
Lead (Cases 3 and 4) and at all Panel Edges Nails Space 6" Max. At
(Cases 5 and 6)(1) Supported Edges(1)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
6 4 2-1/2 2 Case 1
------------------------------------------------ (No
Unblocked
MINIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM Edges or All Other
NAIL NOMINAL NOMINAL Nail Spacing (in.) At Other Panel Edges Continuous Configura-
PENETRATION PANEL WIDTH OF Joints tions
PANEL COMMON IN FRAMING THICKNESS FRAMING ------------------------------------------------ Parallel (Cases 2,3,
GRADE NAIL SIZE (inches) (inch) MEMBER 6 6 4 3 to Lead) 4,5 and 6)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 185 250 375 420 165 125
APA 6d 1-1/4 5/16 3 210 280 420 475 185 140
STRUCTURAL ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RATED 2 270 360 530 600 240 180
SHEATHING, 8d 1- 1/2 3/8 3 300 400 600 675 265 200
EXP 1 OR ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXT 2 320 425 640 730(1) 285 215
10d 1-5/8 15/32 3 360 480 720 820 320 240
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 170 225 335 380 150 110
5/16
APA RATED 3 190 250 380 430 170 125
SHEATHING 6d 1-1/4
STURD+FLOOR 2 185 250 375 420 165 125
EXP 1, EXP 3/8 3 210 280 420 475 185 140
2 OR EXT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 240 320 480 545 215 160
3/8 3 270 360 540 610 240 180
2 255 340 505 575 230 170
8d 1- 1/2 7/16 3 285 380 570 645 255 190
2 270 360 530 600 240 180
15/32 3 300 400 600 675 265 200
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 290 385 575 655(1) 255 190
15/32 3 325 430 650 735 290 215
10d 1-5/8
2 320 425 640 730(1) 285 215
19/32 3 380 480 720 820 320 240
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) For framing of other species: (A) Find specific gravity for species of
umber in the APA National Design Specification, (b) find shear value from
table for nail size, and for Structural I panels (regardless of actual
grade), (c) multiple value found in (b) by 0.82 for species with specific
gravity of greater than or equal to 0.42 but less than 0.49, or multiple by
0.65 for species with a specific gravity less than 0.42.
(2) Space nails 12 inches o.c. along intermediate framing members (6-inches
o.c. when supports are spaced 48 inches o.c.)
(3) Framing at panel edges shall be 3-inch nominal or wider and nails shall be
staggered where nails are spaced 2 inches o.c. or 2- 1/2 inches o.c. and
where 10d nails having penetration into framing of more than 1-5/8 inches
are spaced 3 inches o.c.
Exception: Unless otherwise required, 2-inch nominal framing is permitted
to be used where full nailing surface width is available and nails are
staggered.
(4) Use minimum 8d common nails for roof sheathing.
(5) Shear panels shall be not less than 4 feet by 8 feet, except at boundaries
and changes in framing. Wood structural panels less than 12 inches wide
shall be blocked.
[CASE 1 - 6 CHARTS]
NOTE: Framing is permitted to be located in either direction for blocked
diaphragms.
TABLE 2
ALLOWABLE SHEAR (POUNDS PER FOOT) FOR APA STRUCTURAL-USE PANEL SHEAR WALLS
WITH FRAMING OF XXXXXXX FIR, LARCH OR SOUTHERN PINE FOR WIND OR SEISMIC
LOADING(1,2,5,7)
PANELS APPLIED OVER 1/2" OR 5/8"
PANELS APPLIED DIRECT TO FRAMING GYPSUM SHEATHING
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MINIMUM
MINIMUM NAIL
NOMINAL PENETRA- Nail Size Nail Spacing (in.) Nail Size Nail Spacing at Panel
PANEL TION IN (Common or At Other Panel Edges (Common or Edges (In.)
PANEL THICKNESS FRAMING Galvanized ----------------------------------- Galvanized ----------------------------------
GRADE (inch) (inches) Box) 6 4 3 2(1) Box) 6 4 3 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA 5/16 1-1/4 8d 200 30 390 510 8d 200 300 390 510
STRUCTURAL 3/8 230(1) 360(1) 460(1) 610(11) 10D 280 430 550(1) 730
RATED 7/16 1-1/2 8d 255(1) 395(1) 505(1) 670(1)
SHEATHING, 15/32 280 430 550 730
EXP 1 OR EXT 15/32 1-5/8 10d 340 510 655(1) 870 - - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA RATED 5/16 1-1/4 6d 180 270(2) 350 450 8d 180 270 350 450
SHEATHING 3/8 200 300 390 510 200 300 390 510
EXP 1, EXP 2 3/8 220(1) 320(1) 410(1) 530(1)
OR EXT APA 7/16 1-1/2 8d 240(1) 350(1) 450(1) 585 10d 260 380 490(1) 640
RATED 15/32 240 350(1) 450(1) 585(1)
SIDING EXT(4) 15/32 1-5/8 10d 310 480 600(1) 770 - - - - -
19/32 340 510 655(1) 870
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nail Size Nail Size
(Galvanized (Galvanized
Casing) Casing)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA RATED 5/16 1-1/4 6d 140 210 275 360 8d 140 210 275 360
SIDING EXT 3/8 1-1/2 8d 160 240 310 410 10d 160 240 310 410
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For framing of other species: (A) Find specific gravity for species of umber in
the APA National Design Specification, (b) find shear value from table for nail
size, and for Structural I panels (regardless of actual grade), (c) multiple
value found in (b) by 0.82 for species with specific gravity of greater than or
equal to 0.42 but less than 0.49, or multiple by 0.65 for species with a
specific gravity less than 0.42.
All panel edges backed with 2-inch nominal or wider framing. Install panels
either horizontally or vertically. Space nails 6 inches o.c. along intermediate
framing members for 3/8-inch and 7/16-inch panels installed on studs spaced 24
inches o.c. For other conditions and panel thicknesses, space nails 12 inches
o.c. on intermediate supports.
Framing at panel edges shall be 3-inch nominal or wider and nails shall be
staggered where nails are spaced 2 inches o.c. or 2- 1/2 inches o.c. and where
10d nails having penetration into framing of more than 1-5/8 inches are spaced 3
inches o.c.
Exception: Unless otherwise required, 2-inch nominal framing is permitted to be
used where full nailing surface width is available and nails are staggered.
Shears are permitted to be increased to values shown for 15/32-inch sheathing
with same nailing, provided (1) studs are spaced a maximum of 16 inches o.c. or
(2) if panels are applied with long dimension across studs.
The values are for short-time loads due to wind or earthquake and must be
reduced by 25 percent for normal loading.
All-veneer panel.
Shear panels shall be not less than 4 feet by 8 feet, except at boundaries and
changes in framing. Wood structural panels less than 12 inches wide shall be
blocked.
TABLE 3
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM ROOF LIVE LOADS FOR APA RATED SHEATHING AND APA RATED STURD-I-
FLOOR WITH LONG DIMENSION PERPENDICULAR TO SUPPORTS(1,2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA RATED SHEATHING APA RATED SHEATHING/CEILING DECK ROOF FLOOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPAN
RATING PANEL THICKNESS MAXIMUM SPAN (INCHES) ALLOWABLE LIVE LOADS (PSI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With Without Spacing of Supports Center-to-Center (inches) MAXIMUM
Roof/Floor Edge Edge -------------------------------------------------------------- SPAN
Span (Inch) Suport(1) Suport(1) 12 16 20 24 32 40 48 54 60 (inches)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/0 5/16 12 12 30 0
16/0 5/16, 3/8 16 16 70 30 0
20/0 5/16, 3/8 20 20 120 50 30 0
24/0 3/8, 7/16, 1/2 24 20 190 100 60 30 20/0
24/16 7/16, 1/2 24 24 190 100 65 40 16
32/16 15/32, 1/2, 5/8 32 28 325 180 120 70 30 16
40/20 9/16, 19/32, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8 40 32 - 305 205 130 60 30 20
48/24 23/32, 3/4, 7/8 48 36 - - 280 175 95 45 35 24
54/32 7/8, 1 54 40 - - - 245 130 75 50 35 32
60/32 7/8, 1 60 40 - - - 305 165 100 70 50 35 32
60/48 7/8, 1, 1-1/18 60 48 - - - 305 165 100 70 50 35 48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA RATED STURD-I-FLOOR ROOF FLOOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAXIMUM SPAN (inches) ALLOWABLE LIVE LOADS (psi)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With Without MAXIMUM
SPAN PANEL THICKNESS Edge Edge Spacing of Supports Center-to-Center (inches) SPAN
RATING (inch) Support Support (inches)
12 16 20 24 32 40 48 54 60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 o.c. 19/32, 5/8, 21/32 24 24 185 100 65 40 16
20 o.c. 19/32, 5/8, 3/4 32 32 270 150 100 60 30 20
24 o.c. 11/16, 23/32, 3/4 48 36 240 160 100 50 30 25 24
32 o.c. 7/8, 1 48 40 - - 295 185 100 60 40 32
48 o.c. 1-3/32, 1-1/8 60 48 - 290 160 100 65 50 40 48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) The allowable live loads were determined using a dead load of 10 psi. If
the dead load exceeds 10 psi then the live load shall be reduced
accordingly.
(2) Applies to panels 24 inches or wider.
(3) Tong-and-groove edges, panel edge clips (one midway between each support,
except two equally spaced between supports 48 inches on center), lumber
blocking, or other. Only lumber blocking will satisfy blocked diaphragm
requirements of Table No. 1, except as noted in Section 3.2.3.
(4) Twenty-four inches for 1/2-inch panels.
(5) Is permitted to be used over framing of 24 inches on center where 3/4-inch
wood strip flooring is installed at right angles to joist.
(6) Is permitted to be used over framing spaced 24 inches on center for floors
where 1- 1/2 inches of cellular or lightweight concrete is applied over the
panels.
(7) Live load not to exceed 100 psi, dead load not to exceed 10 psi, except as
noted.
(8) Total load not to exceed 6 5psi.
TABLE 4
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM ROOF LIVE LOADS (PSF) FOR APA RATED SHEATHING WITH LONG
DIMENSION PARALLEL TO SUPPORTS(4)
(NONVENEER, COMPOSITE AND 5-PLY/5-LAYER PLYWOOD PANELS UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOAD AT MAXIMUM SPAN
Panel Thickness Span Maximum ---------------------
Grade (in.) Rating Span (in.) Live Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA STRUCTURAL I 7/16 24/8, 24/16 24 20 30
RATED SHEATHING 15/32 32/16 24 35 45
1/2 32/16 24 40 50
19/32, 5/8 40/20 24 70 80
23/32, 3/4 48/24 24 90 100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APA RATED 7/16 24/0, 24/16 16 40 50
SHEATHING 15/32 32/16 24 20 25
1/2 24/0, 32/16 24 25 30
19/32 40/20 24 40 50
5/8 32/16, 40/20 24 45 55
21/32, 3/4 40/20, 46/24 24 60 65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1For 4-ply plywood marked PS 1, reduce load by 15 psi.
2Composite panels must be 19/32 inch or thicker.
3For composite and 4-ply panels, reduce load by 15 psf.
4Edges shall be blocked with lumber or other approved type of edge support.
TABLE 5
ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR APA RATED 303 PLYWOOD SIDING USED AS ROOF SHEATHING(1)
Minimum Nominal
Thickness (Inches) Species Group No. Maximum Span (inches)
15/32 1 24
15/23 2, 3, 4 16
19/32 1 32
19/32 2, 3, 4 24
23/32 1, 2, 3, 4 32
1-1/8 1, 2, 3, 4 48
(1) Plywood continuous over two or more spans, long dimension across supports.
Uniform load deflection limit is 1/240 of the span under live load. Live
load capacity at maximum span for all listed construction is 30 psi.
[DRAWING]
THIS DRAWING IS FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS NOT INTENDED FOR USE AS A
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF FABRICATION OR ERECTION.
